| 1. |
- Kumar, Atul, et al.
(författare)
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The structure of Rv3717 reveals a novel amidase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section D. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0907-4449 .- 1399-0047. ; 69:Pt 12, s. 2543-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases are cell-wall hydrolases that hydrolyze the bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and L-alanine in cell-wall glycopeptides. Rv3717 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been identified as a unique autolysin that lacks a cell-wall-binding domain (CBD) and its structure has been determined to 1.7 Å resolution by the Pt-SAD phasing method. Rv3717 possesses an α/β-fold and is a zinc-dependent hydrolase. The structure reveals a short flexible hairpin turn that partially occludes the active site and may be involved in autoregulation. This type of autoregulation of activity of PG hydrolases has been observed in Bartonella henselae amidase (AmiB) and may be a general mechanism used by some of the redundant amidases to regulate cell-wall hydrolase activity in bacteria. Rv3717 utilizes its net positive charge for substrate binding and exhibits activity towards a broad spectrum of substrate cell walls. The enzymatic activity of Rv3717 was confirmed by isolation and identification of its enzymatic products by LC/MS. These studies indicate that Rv3717, an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase from M. tuberculosis, represents a new family of lytic amidases that do not have a separate CBD and are regulated conformationally.
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| 2. |
- Thakur, Hemant, et al.
(författare)
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Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste, bio-flocculated sewage sludge, and cow dung in CSTR using E(C2)Tx synthetic consortia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology & Innovation. - 2352-1864. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current study, a E(C2)Tx synthetic consortia was tested for anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW), bio-flocculated sewage sludge (BFS)/ raw wastewater (RW) and cow dung (CD) at varying proportions in 0.25 L and 6.5 L mesophilic continuously stirred tank reactors. Anaerobic co-digestion of FW with CD and RW at the ratio of 1:1:8 in 0.25 L batch-reactor with E(C2)Tx inoculum resulted in the highest H2 production with least CO2 release. The microbial dynamics of FW:CD:RW samples were studied using 16S metagenomic sequencing which indicated a predominance of hydrolysing microbes at the end point of the digestion cycle. Subsequently, the experiments were scaled up in two continuous digesters, namely, R1 (fed with 50% FW and 50% BFS) and R2 (fed with 2% FW and 98% BFS) with 6.5 L working volume at 2.5 g VS L-1D-1 organic loading rate (OLR) for 120 days. The highest VFA production of 19,183 mg L-1 and 3,265 mg L-1 with maximum bio-methane yield of 142.21-and 225.03-mL CH4g-1 VSadded were recorded in reactors R1 and R2, respectively. In addition, a numerical analysis was conducted to visualize the mixing and temperature distribution within the digesters, and the velocity and temperature profiles were obtained using Ansys Fluent. & COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 4. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kumar, Manish, et al.
(författare)
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Global co-occurrences of multi-(emerging)-contaminants in the hotspots of arsenic polluted groundwater : A pattern of menace
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-5844. ; 34
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advancements in analytical techniques have resulted in much progress in understanding co-occurrence of environmental con-taminants. We focused on investigating the global pattern of arsenic (As) co-occurrence with inorganic and emerging con-taminants and then explained the governing factors driving the situation. Major co-occurring inorganic contaminants were found in three sets: i) U, F, Fe, Mn, Pb, & Zn; ii) Al, Mo, Cd, Sb, Br, I, and Se; and iii) Ag, Au, Cr, Cu, Hg, Th, V, Ga, and Ba. Co-occurrences were majorly governed by weathering, redox conditions, recharge/pumping, and surface leaching. Several places around the world started to exhibit As presence with contaminants of emerging concerns like pesticides, per-and polyfluoroalkyl sub-stances (PFAS), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and others, that needs to be explored further at fundamentally deeper levels. This is probably one of the first attempts to correlate As co -occurrences with contaminants of emerging concern.
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| 8. |
- Mishra, Abhay, et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopic insight into breast cancer: profiling small extracellular vesicles lipids via infrared spectroscopy for diagnostic precision
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer, a leading cause of female mortality due to delayed detection owing to asymptomatic nature and limited early diagnostic tools, was investigated using a multi-modal approach. Plasma-derived small EVs from breast cancer patients (BrCa, n = 74) and healthy controls (HC, n = 30) were analyzed. Small EVs (n = 104), isolated through chemical precipitation, underwent characterization via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Validation involved antibody-based tests (TSG101, CD9, CD81, CD63). Infrared spectra of small EVs were obtained, revealing significant differences in lipid acyl chains, particularly in the C–H stretching of CH3. The study focused on the lipid region (3050–2900 cm−1), identifying peaks (3015 cm−1, 2960 cm−1, 2929 cm−1) as distinctive lipid characteristics. Spectroscopic lipid-to-lipid ratios [(I3015/I2929), (I2960/I2929)] emerged as prominent breast cancer markers. Exploration of protein, nucleic acid, and carbohydrate ratios indicated variations in alpha helices, asymmetric C–H stretching vibrations, and C–O stretching at 1033 cm−1. Principal component analysis (PCA) successfully differentiated BrCa and HC small EVs, and heatmap analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluations underscored the discriminatory power of lipid ratios. Notably, (I2960/I2929) exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity, highlighting its potential as a robust BrCa sEV marker for breast cancer detection.
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| 9. |
- Misra, Satabdi, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-proxy approach on the hydrocarbon generation perspective of Barjora Basin, India
- 2020
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Ingår i: Marine and Petroleum Geology. - : Elsevier. - 0264-8172 .- 1873-4073. ; 112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barjora Basin in India is a small basin characterized by a high organic richness of early mature nature. The present study aims to find the source of organic matter (OM) and hydrocarbon generation potential of Barjora Basin. Systematically collected coal and shale samples from R-II seam of the basin were used for proximate and ultimate analyses, Rock Eval pyrolysis along with total organic carbon (TOC) content, organo-micropetrographic framework, thermal maturity, carbon isotopic signature, biomarker composition, functional group studies and estimation of relative aliphaticity and aromaticity through Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The novelty of the present work lies in the application of multiple proxies such as stable isotope ratio of organic carbon (delta C-13), biomarker signatures, thermal maturity parameters, organo-micropetrography and estimation and quantification of functional groups for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and to assess the hydrocarbon productivity of the basin. A dominant terrestrial OM input in Barjora Basin is indicated by the TOC to total nitrogen ratio (C/N), delta C-13 and biomarker compositions. High gelification index (GI), tissue preservation index (TPI), and carbon preference index (CPI) values indicate that coals are deposited in wet swamp forest regime under high rainwater conditions and shales are formed in upper delta plain regime under high groundwater activity. In addition, large liptinite content, TPI and GI designate short transportation of the OM before burial leading to organic richness of the Barjora Basin. Moreover, high liptinite content, type II-III admixed kerogen input, S-2/S-3 ratio, TPI and index for hydrocarbon generation (I-HG) signify higher potential of the basin for hydrocarbon generation.
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| 10. |
- Bonnardel, Francois, et al.
(författare)
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Architecture and Evolution of Blade Assembly in beta-propeller Lectins
- 2019
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Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-2126 .- 1878-4186. ; 27:5, s. 764-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lectins with a beta-propeller fold bind glycans on the cell surface through multivalent binding sites and appropriate directionality. These proteins are formed by repeats of short domains, raising questions about evolutionary duplication. However, these repeats are difficult to detect in translated genomes and seldom correctly annotated in sequence databases. To address these issues, we defined the blade signature of the five types of beta-propellers using 3D-structural data. With these templates, we predicted 3,887 beta-propeller lectins in 1,889 species and organized this information in a searchable online database. The data reveal a widespread distribution of beta-propeller lectins across species. Prediction also emphasizes multiple architectures and led to the discovery of a beta-propeller assembly scenario. This was confirmed by producing and characterizing a predicted protein coded in the genome of Kordia zhangzhouensis. The crystal structure uncovers an intermediate in the evolution of beta-propeller assembly and demonstrates the power of our tools.
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