| 1. |
- Verma, Sangeeta, et al.
(författare)
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Simplified SMA-inspired 1-parameter SCS-CN model for runoff estimation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 11:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study proposes a simplified 1-parameter SCS-CN model (M5) based on Mishra-Singh (2002) model and soil moisture accounting (SMA) procedure for surface runoff estimation and compares its performance with the existing SCS-CN method (SCS, 1956) (M1), Michel 1-P model (Water Resour Res 41:1-6, 2005) (M2), Sahu 1-P model (Hydrol Process 21:2872-2881, 2007) (M3), and Ajmal et al. model (J Hydrol 530:623-633, 2015) (M4) using large rainfall–runoff dataset of 48,763 events from123 USDA-ARS watersheds. The performance of models was evaluated using three statistical error indices such as Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), percentage bias (PBIAS), and rank and grading system (RGS). Based on the results obtained, the models can be ranked as follows: M5 > M4 > M3 > M1 > M2, i.e., model M5 outperformed all the remaining four models M1–M4 and hence is recommended for field applications.
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| 2. |
- Kumar, Ramesh, et al.
(författare)
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Hydro-geochemical analysis of meltwater draining from Bilare Banga glacier, Western Himalaya
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Geophysica. - : Springer. - 1895-6572 .- 1895-7455. ; 67:2, s. 651-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The changing climate is affecting the melting process of glacier ice and snow in Himalaya and may influence the hydro-geochemistry of the glacial meltwater. This paper represents the ionic composition of discharge from Bilare Banga glacier by carrying out hydro-geochemical analysis of water samples of melting season of 2017. The pH and EC were measured on-site in field, and others parameters were examined in the laboratory. The abundance of the ions observed in meltwater has been arranged in decreasing order for cations as Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and for anions as HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3−, respectively. Analysis suggests that the meltwater is mostly dominated by Ca2+ and HCO3−. It has been observed that the ionic concentration HCO3− is dominant and Cl− is the least in the catchment. Piper plot analysis suggests that the chemical composition of the glacier discharge not only has natural origin but also has some anthropogenic input. Hydro-geochemical heterogeneity reflected the carbonate-dominated features (Ca2+–HCO3−) in the catchment. The carbonate weathering was found as the regulatory factor to control the chemistry of the glacial meltwater due to the high enrichment ratio of (Ca2+ + Mg2+) against TZ+ and (Na+ + K+). In statistical approach, PCA analysis suggests that geogenic weathering dynamics in the catchment is associated with carbonate-dominant lithology.
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| 3. |
- Raj, Tirath, et al.
(författare)
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Microalgae biomass deconstruction using green solvents: Challenges and future opportunities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microalgae enable fixation of CO2 into carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins through inter and intracellularly biochemical pathways. These cellular components can be extracted and transformed into renewable energy, chemicals, and materials through biochemical and thermochemical transformation processes. However, recalcitrant cell wall and lack of environmentally benign efficient pretreatment processes are key obstacles in the commercialization of microalgal biorefineries. Thus, current article describes the microalgal chemical structure, type, and structural rigidity and summarizes the traditional pretreatment methods to extract cell wall constituents. Green solvents such as ionic liquid (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), and natural deep eutectic (NDESs) have shown interesting solvent characteristics to pretreat biomass with selective biocomponent extraction from microalgae. Further research is needed in task-specific IL/DES design, cation-anion organization, structural activity understanding of ILs-biocomponents, environmental toxicity, biodegradability, and recyclability for deployment of carbon-neutral technologies. Additionally, coupling the microalgal industry with biorefineries may facilitate waste management, sustainability, and gross revenue.
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| 4. |
- Sharma, Vipasha, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial Variation and Relation of Aerosol Optical Depth with LULC and Spectral Indices
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atmosphere. - : Mdpi. - 2073-4433. ; 13:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current study area (Faridabad, Gurugram, Ghaziabad, and Gautam Buddha Nagar), the aerosol concentration is very high, adversely affecting the environmental conditions and air quality. Investigating the impact of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) on Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) helps us to develop effective solutions for improving air quality. Hence, the spectral indices derived from LULC ((Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), Enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and Normalized difference build-up index (NDBI)) with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) high spatial resolution (1 km) AOD from the years 2010-2019 (less to high urbanized period) has been correlated. The current study used remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques to examine changes in LULC in the current study region over the ten years (2010-2019) and the relationship between LULC and AOD. A significant increase in built-up areas (12.18%) and grasslands (51.29%) was observed during 2010-2019, while cropland decreased by 4.42%. A positive correlation between NDBI and SAVI (0.35, 0.27) indicates that built-up soils play an important role in accumulating AOD in a semi-arid region. At the same time, a negative correlation between NDVI and EVI (-0.24, -0.15) indicates the removal of aerosols due to an increase in vegetation. The results indicate that SAVI can play an important role in PM2.5 modeling in semi-arid regions. Based on these findings, urban planners can improve land use management, air quality, and urban planning.
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| 5. |
- Cunha, Sara I., et al.
(författare)
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Endothelial ALK1 Is a Therapeutic Target to Block Metastatic Dissemination of Breast Cancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 1538-7445 .- 0008-5472. ; 75:12, s. 2445-2456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exploration of new strategies for the prevention of breast cancer metastasis is justifiably at the center of clinical attention. In this study, we combined a computational biology approach with mechanism-based preclinical trials to identify inhibitors of activin-like receptor kinase (ALK) 1 as effective agents for blocking angiogenesis and metastasis in breast cancer. Pharmacologic targeting of ALK1 provided long-term therapeutic benefit in mouse models of mammary carcinoma, accompanied by strikingly reduced metastatic colonization as a monotherapy or part of combinations with chemotherapy. Gene-expression analysis of breast cancer specimens from a population-based nested case-control study encompassing 768 subjects defined endothelial expression of ALK1 as an independent and highly specific prognostic factor for metastatic manifestation, a finding that was corroborated in an independent clinical cohort. Overall, our results suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of endothelial ALK1 constitutes a tractable strategy for interfering with metastatic dissemination of breast cancer. Cancer Res; 75(12); 2445-56. ©2015 AACR.
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| 6. |
- Dulat, Ankit, et al.
(författare)
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Single-shot, spatio-temporal analysis of relativistic plasma optics
- 2024
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Ingår i: Optica. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 2334-2536. ; 11:8, s. 1077-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma optics, promising for shaping and amplifying ultra-high-power laser pulses, are subject to the huge modulations and fluctuations inherent in plasma excitation at high intensities. Understanding the impact of plasma-optic-induced modulations on the spatio-temporal structure of the resulting pulses demands multidimensional characterization of relativistic plasma dynamics, an extremely difficult task, particularly at the low repetition rates typical of such lasers. Here, we present three-dimensional (3D) spatio-temporal measurements of such pulses based on spectral interferometry. We measure the complex space-time distortions induced in the laser pulses by relativistic plasma while simultaneously capturing the underlying plasma dynamics, all in a single shot. This all-optical technique can capture 3D spatio-temporal couplings within pulses at ultra-high peak powers, enabling further progress in ultra-high-intensity laser and plasma technologies.
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| 7. |
- Kapoor, Manali, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Conditioning Prior to Dilute Acid Deconstruction of Biomass for the Production of Fermentable Sugars
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 5:5, s. 4285-4292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cost of cellulases is a major impediment in commercialization of cellulosic ethanol. To reduce the enzyme doses for the production of fermentable sugars from rice straw (RS), a series of alkali conditioning experiments were conducted prior to dilute acid (DA) pretreatment. This approach resulted in removal of a majority of extractives, ash, acetic acid, and part lignin, and thus resulted in lowering pseudolignin formation thereby increasing enzymatic hydrolysis yields. Glucan hydrolysis of 69.8%, 74.0%, and 83.5% was obtained at 10 wt % water insoluble solid (WIS) using 8 FPU enzyme/g WIS of biomass conditioned using 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5 wt % alkali prior to pretreatment, which is 14–37% higher than the control (61.0%). The overall sugar recovery in these experiments were 69.2%, 70.2%, and 68.5% at 15 wt % WIS resulting in a sugar concentration greater than 120 g/L, which in turn can produce approximately 5–6% w/v ethanol concentration in fermentation broth. It was found that this approach resulted in a decrease of the enzyme consumption vis-a-vis the conventional process by 46.4% to recover the same amount of sugars. This lowering of enzyme consumption has resulted in net savings, after taking into account the cost of alkali used in the conditioning steps.
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| 8. |
- Patil, Sayali Ashok, et al.
(författare)
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2D Zinc Oxide - Synthesis, Methodologies, Reaction Mechanism, and Applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Small. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 19:14
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a thermally stable n-type semiconducting material. ZnO 2D nanosheets have mainly gained substantial attention due to their unique properties, such as direct bandgap and strong excitonic binding energy at room temperature. These are widely utilized in piezotronics, energy storage, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, gas sensors, and photocatalysis. Notably, the chemical properties and performances of ZnO nanosheets largely depend on the nano-structuring that can be regulated and controlled through modulating synthetic strategies. Two synthetic approaches, top-down and bottom-up, are mainly employed for preparing ZnO 2D nanomaterials. However, owing to better results in producing defect-free nanostructures, homogenous chemical composition, etc., the bottom-up approach is extensively used compared to the top-down method for preparing ZnO 2D nanosheets. This review presents a comprehensive study on designing and developing 2D ZnO nanomaterials, followed by accenting its potential applications. To begin with, various synthetic strategies and attributes of ZnO 2D nanosheets are discussed, followed by focusing on methodologies and reaction mechanisms. Then, their deliberation toward batteries, supercapacitors, electronics/optoelectronics, photocatalysis, sensing, and piezoelectronic platforms are further discussed. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities are featured based on its current development.
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| 9. |
- Ruchi, Gaur, et al.
(författare)
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Bench scale dilute acid pretreatment optimization for producing fermentable sugars from cotton stalk and physicochemical characterization
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 83, s. 104-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cotton stalk is a holocellulose rich, inexpensive agricultural residue available in surplus without any competitive uses neither as food nor as animal fodder. These aspectshold high potential for cotton stalk as a biomass to be suitable for ethanol production. Dilute acid pretreatment conditions on bench scale have been optimized for cotton stalk by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Central Composite Design (CCD). Effect of four pretreatment process variables viz. temperature, acid concentration, time of reaction and stirring speed has been optimized for maximum enzymatic sugar release during the subsequent enzymatic saccharification. Under the optimized pretreatment conditions, i.e., temperature: 157. °C, acid concentration: 1.07% (w/w),and time: 20 min, enzymatic sugar releasewas found to be 684 mg/g of dry pretreated biomass. A correlation of hemicellulose removal and inhibitor formation with combined severity factor (CSF) was drawn. Mass balance carried out for the pretreatment step under optimized conditions resulted in 68.35 and 8.31% of xylose and glucose saccharificationyieldsrespectively. Subsequent enzymatic saccharification yieldsofglucose and xylose were 93.56 and 19.93% respectively. The overall saccharification yield integrating pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of cotton stalk was 91.06%. Physicochemical characterization of native and pretreated biomass was carried out by compositional analysis, FT-IR and XRD revealing significant changes in biomassproperties responsible for improved saccharification efficiency.
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| 10. |
- Sasis, Suchetan, et al.
(författare)
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Data-driven undervoltage analysis of a 25kV Traction Sub-Station
- 2022
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Ingår i: 9th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, UPCON 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350332506
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an evaluation of the phenomena of Undervoltage and overvoltage that occurs in the Indian Railways. Based on the analysis of the collected data it, studies have been carried out regarding the duration and the occurrence along with the application of statistical methods such as R2 test on the probability distribution equation derived to predict the occurrence of undervoltage in a specific current range. Recurrent trends regarding voltage fluctuations on a daily basis, their occurrence, and timings are duly studied. The subsequent results will have far-reaching outcomes in the future with regard to the reliability and equipment performance of various Traction Sub Stations (TSS).
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