| 1. |
- Bauer, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of psychiatric research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1379 .- 0022-3956. ; 113, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p<0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.
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| 2. |
- Gales, Nathalie, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle pathologies after cervical spine distortion-like exposure-a porcine model
- 2013
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-957X .- 1538-9588. ; 14:8, s. 828-834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Histological evaluation of porcine posterior cervical muscles after a forceful translational and extensional head retractionsimulating high-speed rear end impact.Methods: Four anesthetized pigs were exposed to a cervical spine distortion (CSD)-like motion in a lying position. After 2 differentsurvival times of 4 and 6 h (posttrauma), the pigs were euthanized and tissue sampling of posterior cervical muscles was performed.A standard histological staining method involving paraffin-embedded sections was used to analyze the muscles, focusing on injurysigns like hemorrhage and inflammatory cell reaction. A pig that was not subjected to impact was used as a control pig and wassubjected to the same procedure to exclude any potential artifacts from the autopsy.Results: The differentiation of 8 different posterior neckmuscles in the dissection process was successful in more than 50 percent foreach muscle of interest. Staining and valid analysis was possible from all extracted samples. Muscle injuries to the deepest posteriorneck muscles could be found, especially in the musculus obliquus samples, which showed laminar bleedings in 4 out of 4 samples.In addition, in 4 out of 4 samples we were able to see increased cellular reactions. The splenius muscle also showed bleeding in all 4samples.All animals showed muscle injury signs in more than three quarters of analyzed neck muscles. Differences between survival timesof 4 and 6 h in terms of muscular injury were not of primary interest and could not be found.Conclusions: By simulating a CSD-like motion we were able to confirm injuries in the posterior cervical muscles under severeloading conditions.
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| 3. |
- Ma, Zili, et al.
(författare)
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Elucidation of the Active Sites for Monodisperse FePt and Pt Nanocrystal Catalysts for p-WSe2 Photocathodes
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 124:22, s. 11877-11885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two-dimensional p-type semiconductor WSe2 is a promising candidate for photo-electrochemical (PEC) H-2 generation. Despite its high absorption coefficient, the PEC hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) efficiency is low and necessitates a catalyst to achieve higher photocurrents. Here, we investigate the monodisperse spherical alloy FePt and pure Pt nanocrystals (NCs) as catalysts for the PEC HER on p-WSe2 single-crystal photocathodes. After deposition of Pt or FePt, photocurrents of -0.27 and -4.0 mA cm(-2) at 0 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode were achieved for the HER, which were 7.4 and 15 times higher compared to pristine WSe2 single crystals, respectively. Calculations at the density functional theory level show that the water adsorption and thus enhanced H2O dissociation are preferential on FePt in comparison to Pt. The edge sites of both Pt and FePt have a more negative adsorption energy than the (111) and (100) facets, indicating that the edges are the preferential sites for hydrogen production. The computational results show that the size of the Pt NC, within the range of Pt-55 (1.1 nm) and Pt-147 (1.6 nm), does not significantly influence the mechanism for the HER on the NCs.
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| 4. |
- Wernersson, Ann-Sofie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The European technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools under the water framework directive
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-4715 .- 2190-4707. ; 27:11 March 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Water Framework Directive (WFD), 2000/60/EC, requires an integrated approach to the monitoring and assessment of the quality of surface water bodies. The chemical status assessment is based on compliance with legally binding Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for selected chemical pollutants (priority substances) of EU-wide concern. In the context of the mandate for the period 2010 to 2012 of the subgroup Chemical Monitoring and Emerging Pollutants (CMEP) under the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) for the WFD, a specific task was established for the elaboration of a technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools. The activity was chaired by Sweden and co-chaired by Italy and progressively involved several Member States and stakeholders in an EU-wide drafting group. The main aim of this technical report was to identify potential effect-based tools (e.g. biomarkers and bioassays) that could be used in the context of the different monitoring programmes (surveillance, operational and investigative) linking chemical and ecological status assessment. The present paper summarizes the major technical contents and findings of the report.
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