| 1. |
- Wernersson, Ann-Sofie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The European technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools under the water framework directive
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-4715 .- 2190-4707. ; 27:11 March 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Water Framework Directive (WFD), 2000/60/EC, requires an integrated approach to the monitoring and assessment of the quality of surface water bodies. The chemical status assessment is based on compliance with legally binding Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for selected chemical pollutants (priority substances) of EU-wide concern. In the context of the mandate for the period 2010 to 2012 of the subgroup Chemical Monitoring and Emerging Pollutants (CMEP) under the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) for the WFD, a specific task was established for the elaboration of a technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools. The activity was chaired by Sweden and co-chaired by Italy and progressively involved several Member States and stakeholders in an EU-wide drafting group. The main aim of this technical report was to identify potential effect-based tools (e.g. biomarkers and bioassays) that could be used in the context of the different monitoring programmes (surveillance, operational and investigative) linking chemical and ecological status assessment. The present paper summarizes the major technical contents and findings of the report.
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| 2. |
- Barausse, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for fundamental physics with LISA
- 2020
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Ingår i: General Relativity and Gravitation. - : SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. - 0001-7701 .- 1572-9532. ; 52:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, which is of programmatic rather than quantitative nature, we aim to further delineate and sharpen the future potential of the LISA mission in the area of fundamental physics. Given the very broad range of topics that might be relevant to LISA,we present here a sample of what we view as particularly promising fundamental physics directions. We organize these directions through a "science-first" approach that allows us to classify how LISA data can inform theoretical physics in a variety of areas. For each of these theoretical physics classes, we identify the sources that are currently expected to provide the principal contribution to our knowledge, and the areas that need further development. The classification presented here should not be thought of as cast in stone, but rather as a fluid framework that is amenable to change with the flow of new insights in theoretical physics.
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| 3. |
- Boström, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Modifying the Poisson-Boltzmann Approach to Model Specific Ion Effects
- 2010
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Ingår i: Specific Ion Effects. - Singapore : World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.. - 9789814271578 ; , s. 293-309
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Specific ion effects are important in numerous fields of science and technology. They have been discussed for over 100 years, ever since the pioneering work done by Franz Hofmeister and his group in Prague. Over the last decades, hundreds of examples have been published and periodically explanations have been proposed. However, it is only recently that a profound understanding of the basic effects and their reasons could be achieved. Today, we are not far from a general explanation of specific ion effects. This book summarizes the main new ideas that have come up in the last ten years.In this book, the efforts of theoreticians are substantially supported by the experimental results stemming from new and exciting techniques. Both the new theoretical concepts and the experimental landmarks are collected and critically discussed by eminent scientists and well-known specialists in this field. Beyond the rigorous explanations, guidelines are given to non-specialists in order to help them understand the general rules governing specific ion effects in chemistry, biology, physics and engineering.
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| 4. |
- Chatzidaki, Maria D., 1985-
(författare)
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Formulation and characterization of W/O nano-dispersions for bioactive delivery applications
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective of this study was the formulation of food-grade water-in-oil (W/O) nano-dispersions based mainly on medium or long-chain triglycerides. Two types of dispersions were formulated and structurally compared, namely emulsions and microemulsions. The systems were used as matrices for encapsulating targeted bioactive molecules with specific characteristics such as antioxidants or peptides.The structural characterization of the formulated systems was investigated using techniques such as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and Small Angle Xray Scattering (SAXS). The existence of swollen inverse micelles was revealed for the case of microemulsions whereas larger droplets still at the nano-scale were observed for the case of emulsions. Structural differences in the presence of the bioactive molecules or induced by the alteration of components were also observed.In order to study the efficacy of the formulations, the proposed loaded systems were assessed either using EPR spectroscopy or Well Diffusion Assay (WDA) depending on the bioactive molecule. It was found that the encapsulated molecules retained their claimed characteristics when encapsulated to the proposed matrices.Finally, some of the formulated dispersions were investigated for their behavior under gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. A two-step digestion model using recombinant Dog Gastric Lipase (rDGL) and Porcine Pancreatic Lipase (PPL) was proposed to simulate lipid hydrolysis in humans. The studies revealed significant decrease of the rDGL specific activity in the presence of the microemulsion while in the presence of lower percent of surfactants (case of emulsion) no alterations were observed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kellermeier, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Additive-induced morphological tuning of self-assembled silica-barium carbonate crystal aggregates
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0248. ; 311:8, s. 2530-2541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crystallisation of barium carbonate from alkaline silica solutions results in the formation of extraordinary micron-scale architectures exhibiting non-crystallographic curved shapes, such as helical filaments and worm-like braids. These so-called "silica biomorphs" consist of a textured assembly of uniform elongated witherite nanocrystallites, which is occasionally sheathed by a skin of amorphous silica. Although great efforts have been devoted to clarifying the physical origin of these fascinating materials, to date little is known about the processes underlying the observed self-organisation. Herein, we describe the effect of two selected additives, a cationic surfactant and a cationic polymer, on the morphology of the forming crystal aggregates, and relate changes to experiments conducted in the absence of additives. Minor amounts of both substances are shown to exert a significant influence on the growth process, leading to the formation of predominantly flower-like spherulitic aggregates. The observed effects are discussed in terms of feasible morphogenesis pathways. Based on the assumption of a template membrane steering biomorph formation, it is proposed that the two additives are capable of performing specific bridging functions promoting the aggregation of colloidal silica which constitutes the membrane. Morphological changes are tentatively ascribed to varying colloid coordination effecting distinct membrane curvatures. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Kunz, Werner, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrotropes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-0294 .- 1879-0399. ; 22, s. 99-107
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concepts "hydrotrope" and "hydrotropy" are reviewed with a strong focus on the literature from recent years. The action and physical-chemical behavior of hydrotropes are discussed in relation to co-solubilizers and surfactants. A definition of a hydrotrope is formulated, and it is demonstrated that the unique behavior of a hydrotrope, which distinguishes this class of substances from both co-solubilizers and regular surfactants, is that the aggregation is weak without a hydrophobic solute, but there is a pronounced aggregation in the presence of a hydrophobic solute.
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| 8. |
- Kustrak Korper, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Better Understanding of Smart Services : A Cross-Disciplinary Investigation
- 2020
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Ingår i: EXPLORING SERVICE SCIENCE (IESS 2020). - Cham : SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG. - 9783030387242 - 9783030387235 ; , s. 164-173
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leveraging new technology to advance smart service is a key service research priority. Such technologies enable smart interactions that address customers needs in a more meaningful way. Thus, they have a profound effect not only on customer experience but also on streamlining future service offerings, business models and service ecosystems. However, while research is emerging, the concept of smart service is still vague, complicating its successful integration in business practice. This paper aims to characterize smart service through a comprehensive analysis of its theoretical and conceptual building blocks. A systematic literature review is conducted to reconcile the existing understanding of diverse disciplines. A comprehensive keyword-based search approach across 33 academic and three practitioner-oriented journals yielded 157 relevant articles (out of 13.022 articles). The contribution of this investigation is the cross-disciplinary overview of smart service with implications to a broader understanding of the role of smart service in individuals everyday lives.
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| 9. |
- Lund, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Ion binding to biomolecules
- 2009
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Ingår i: Specific Ion Effects. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC. - 9789814271585 - 9789814468176 - 9789814271578 ; , s. 217-230
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated specific anion binding to basic amino acid residues as well as to a range of patchy protein models. This microscopic information was subsequently used to probe protein–protein interactions for aqueous lysozyme solutions. Using computer simulations to study both atomistic and coarse grained protein molecules, it is shown that the ion–protein interaction mechanism as well as magnitude is largely controlled by the nature of the interfacial amino acid residues. Small anions interact with charged side-chains via ionpairing while larger, poorly hydrated anions are attracted to nonpolar residues due to a number of solvent-assisted mechanisms. Taking into account ion and surface specificity in a mesoscopic model for protein–protein interactions, we investigated the association of the protein lysozyme in aqueous solutions of sodium iodide and sodium chloride. As observed experimentally, it is found that ‘salting out’ of lysozyme follows the reverse Hofmeister series for pH below the iso-electric point and the direct series for pH above.
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| 10. |
- Vrbka, Lubos, et al.
(författare)
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Ion-specific thermodynamics of multicomponent electrolytes: A hybrid HNC/MD approach
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 131:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using effective infinite dilution ion-ion interaction potentials derived from explicit-water molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations in the hypernetted-chain (HNC) integral equation theory we calculate the liquid structure and thermodynamic properties, namely, the activity and osmotic coefficients of various multicomponent aqueous electrolyte mixtures. The electrolyte structure expressed by the ion-ion radial distribution functions is for most ions in excellent agreement with MD and implicit solvent Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results. Calculated thermodynamic properties are also represented consistently among these three methods. Our versatile HNC/MD hybrid method allows for a quick prediction of the thermodynamics of multicomponent electrolyte solutions for a wide range of concentrations and an efficient assessment of the validity of the employed MD force-fields with possible implications in the development of thermodynamically consistent parameter sets. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3248218]
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