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| 2. |
- Kusar, H. M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Selective catalytic oxidation of NH3 to N-2 for catalytic combustion of low heating value gas under lean/rich conditions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 58:02-jan, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) of ammonia to nitrogen has been examined over 5% Fe/Al2O3, 5% Mn/Al2O3, 20% Cuo/Al2O3, 1% Pt/20% CuO/Al2O3, 2% Rh/Al2O3 and a Fe zeolite (Fe-SH-27) under fuel-lean and fuel-rich conditions in a monolith lab-scale reactor. For simulating fuel-bound nitrogen in a low heating value (LHV) gas 400 ppm NH3 was added to the test gas. The SCO performance of the catalysts was tested both with and without water added to the gas stream. For SCO under fuel-lean conditions the Fe-zeolite catalyst exhibited the lowest NO, yield. For SCO under fuel-rich conditions the 20% CuO/Al2O3 was superior with close to zero NO, formation.
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| 3. |
- Kusar, H. M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic combustion of gasified refuse-derived fuel
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 45:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The catalytic combustion of gasified refuse-derived fuel (RDF), i.e. a low heating-value (LHV) gas containing H-2, CO and CH4 as combustible components, has been studied and compared with the combustion of methane. Two metal oxide catalysts, i.e. a spinel and a hexaaluminate, and three noble metal catalysts were tested. The results show that the Pd-based catalysts were the most active both for the gasified waste, i.e. RDF and methane. Incorporating an active support such as LaMnAl11O19 enhances the catalytic activity for methane in gasified waste. Substituting Mn into the crystal lattice of the spinel also increased the catalytic activity for H-2 and CO, while the methane activity remained low. The formation of NOX from fuel-bound nitrogen was investigated by adding NH3 to the gas stream. The metal oxide catalysts showed a higher selectivity for oxidising NH3 into N-2 than the catalysts containing precious metals. The spinel materials have high thermal stability and are comparable to the hexaaluminates confirming that they could be promising as washcoat materials to avoiding sintering at high temperatures.
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| 4. |
- Thevenin, P. O., et al.
(författare)
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Deactivation of high temperature combustion catalysts
- 2001
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis A. - 0926-860X .- 1873-3875. ; 212:02-jan, s. 189-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of catalytic combustion is to attain a flame temperature 300-400 Klower than in thermal or non-catalyzed combustion; this substantially reduces the direct combination of nitrogen and oxygen in air to form the so-called thermal NOx. In this way, catalytic combustion is a preventive solution to the problem of nitrogen oxides emissions. The focus of attention here is its application in gas turbines, both for power production and for transportation by road, sea and air. Any catalyst for catalytic combustion, however, has to face extreme demands: continuous operation above 1000 degreesC in the presence of oxygen and steam for preferably 30,000 h, resistance to poisons in the fuel and/or process air, and ability to withstand large thermal and mechanical shocks. While material/catalyst advances are still inadequate, systems engineering is coming to the rescue by developing multiple-monolith catalyst systems and the so-called hybrid reactors. The deactivation of catalyst supports, washcoats, and active materials is briefly reviewed here: sintering, vaporization, phase transformation, thermal shock and poisoning.
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