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- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 3. |
- Kovach, V. O., et al.
(författare)
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Development of a conceptual scheme for the creation of environmentally friendly Gd-containing neutron-absorbing nanocomposites
- 2023
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. ; 1254, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature and properties of neutron radiation impose specific requirements onthe creation and operation of such materials. The presence of accompanying and inducedradiation, weather conditions, as well as the peculiarities of the location of functional layersrequire a hierarchical approach to the development of such neutron-absorbing materials. It wasshown that the conceptual scheme of creating Gd-containing protective materials consists intaking into account all factors of their operation. In particular, it is shown that the presence ofneutron-absorbing components is a necessary but not sufficient condition for their successfulapplication in environmental conditions. In this work, Gd-containing chitosan films wereprepared as an example of the proposed conceptual scheme for the creation of environmentallyfriendly neutron-absorbing nanocomposites. The prepared Gd films were characterized and theirneutron permeability was estimated. The approach presented in this work contributes to thedevelopment of sustainable and responsible production practices, supporting SDGs 9 and 12.
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| 4. |
- Mostovich, Luydmila A, et al.
(författare)
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The TCF4/beta-catenin pathway and chromatin structure cooperate to regulate D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase expression in breast cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Epigenetics. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1559-2294 .- 1559-2308. ; 7:8, s. 930-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase (GLCE) is a potential tumor-suppressor gene involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis. GLCE expression is significantly decreased in breast tumors; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the possible epigenetic mechanisms for GLCE inactivation in breast cancer. Very little methylation of the GLCE promoter region was detected in breast tumors in vivo and in breast cancer cells (MCF7 and T47D) in vitro and GLCE expression in breast cancer cells was not altered by 5-deoxyazacytidine (5-aza-dC) treatment, suggesting that promoter methylation is not involved in regulating GLCE expression. Chromatin activation by Trichostatin A (TSA) or 5-aza-dC/TSA treatment increased GLCE expression by two to 3-fold due to an increased interaction between the GLCE promoter and the TCF4/beta-catenin transactivation complex, or H3K9ac and H3K4Me3 histone modifications. However, ectopic expression of TCF4/beta-catenin was not sufficient to activate GLCE expression in MCF7 cells, suggesting that chromatin structure plays a key role in GLCE regulation. Although TSA treatment significantly repressed canonical WNT signaling in MCF7 cells, it did not influence endogenous TCF4/beta-catenin mRNA levels and activated TCF4/beta-catenin-driven transcription from the GLCE promoter, indicating GLCE as a novel target for TCF4/beta-catenin complex in breast cancer cells. A correlation was observed between GLCE, TCF4 and beta-catenin expression in breast cancer cells and primary tumors, suggesting an important role for TCF4/beta-catenin in regulating GLCE expression both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the results indicate that GLCE expression in breast cancer is regulated by a combination of chromatin structure and TCF4/beta-catenin complex activity.
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