| 1. |
- Mc Conville, Jennifer R, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Is the Swedish wastewater sector ready for a transition to source separation?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Desalination Publications. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 91, s. 320-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Source separation of urine for recycling has been applied in small-scale and decentralized wastewater systems in Sweden for the past 25 years and for blackwater for pollution control even longer. The Swedish experience with source separating nutrient recycling systems is relatively well documented; however, few reports have specifically studied the potential for expansion of this practice. The aim of this study is to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the status of source-separating technologies in Sweden based on transition theory. This study uses a multi-level perspective to determine how ready the Swedish wastewater sector is for transitioning to alternative systems. Given the stability of the existing sewage wastewater regime, it seems unlikely that changes within the regime will lead to a quick and large-scale transition to source separation. Instead, the initiative must come from the niche itself, exploiting institutional cracks in the regime and opportunities from shifting trends in the landscape. If source separation is to be mainstreamed in Sweden, it will need to break into markets within the wastewater jurisdictions. In order to do so, further knowledge needs to be developed that will overcome glitches with immature technologies, uncertain legal conditions/status, investigate potential risks, and clearly define complementary system advantages. This may require the use of new perspectives that focus on holistic sustainable use of resources, including other nutrients than phosphorous, and taking into account global issues such as planetary boundaries and effects from climate change, such as water scarcity. This knowledge can then be used to establish guidelines, norms, and standards, as well as clarify the legislative structures that can support such a transition. There is also a strong need to improve knowledge dissemination regarding best-practices for implementing source-separation technologies and supporting organizational structures. Similarly, support for entrepreneurial activities within the niche needs to increase, not least through strengthening social networks and communication platforms.
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| 2. |
- Mc Conville, Jennifer R, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Source separation : Challenges & opportunities for transition in the Swedish wastewater sector
- 2017
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 120, s. 144-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A paradigm shift to waste reuse has started in the wastewater sector with many experts calling for greater resource recovery, often facilitated by alternative solutions such as source separation. Source separation has been shown to be advantageous for improving treatment capacity, food security, and efficiency; yet these systems are still immature, considered risky by professionals and scarcely implemented. This study attempts to answer the question of why source separation is still marginalized by examining the Swedish experience with source separated wastewater from the perspective of Technology Innovation Systems (TIS) in order to identify obstacles and policy recommendations. Considering that source-separation is still in a development phase, the study found that source separation works moderately well within the on-site niche and that blackwater systems in general perform better than urine diversion. Knowledge development is found to be the weakest function. A major blocking mechanism is the weakness of interchange between knowledge development and entrepreneurial activity. Policy recommendations include: increased R&D; building networks and communication platforms; and establishing guidelines for technologies, legislation interpretation and organizational models.
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| 3. |
- Elebring, Erik, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Cold-perfusion decellularization of whole-organ porcine pancreas supports human fetal pancreatic cell attachment and expression of endocrine and exocrine markers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Tissue Engineering. - : SAGE Publications. - 2041-7314. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite progress in the field of decellularization and recellularization, the outcome for pancreas has not been adequate. This might be due to the challenging dual nature of pancreas with both endocrine and exocrine tissues. We aimed to develop a novel and efficient cold-perfusion method for decellularization of porcine pancreas and recellularize acellular scaffolds with human fetal pancreatic stem cells. Decellularization of whole porcine pancreas at 4 degrees C with sodium deoxycholate, Triton X-100 and DNase efficiently removed cellular material, while preserving the extracellular matrix structure. Furthermore, recellularization of acellular pieces with human fetal pancreatic stem cells for 14 days showed attached and proliferating cells. Both endocrine (C-peptide and PDX1) and exocrine (glucagon and -amylase) markers were expressed in recellularized tissues. Thus, cold-perfusion can successfully decellularize porcine pancreas, which when recellularized with human fetal pancreatic stem cells shows relevant endocrine and exocrine phenotypes. Decellularized pancreas is a promising biomaterial and might translate to clinical relevance for treatment of diabetes.
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| 4. |
- Kuna, Vijay Kumar, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and Decellularization of a Whole Porcine Pancreas
- 2018
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Ingår i: Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments. - : MyJove Corporation. - 1940-087X. ; :140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue engineering of the whole pancreas can improve current treatments for diabetes mellitus. The ultimate goal is to tissue engineer pancreas from an allogeneic or xenogeneic source with human cells. A demonstration of methods for the efficient dissection, decellularization, and recellularization of porcine pancreas might benefit the field. Akin to human pancreases, porcine pancreases have a special anatomical arrangement with three lobes (splenic, duodenal, and connection) rounded by the duodenum and small intestine. The duodenal lobe of the pancreas connects to the duodenum by several small blood vessels. Tissue engineering of the pancreas is complicated because of its exocrine and endocrine nature. In this paper, we show a detailed protocol to dissect the whole porcine pancreas and decellularize it with detergents while saving its structure and some extracellular matrix components. To achieve complete perfusion, the aorta is chosen as inlet and the portal vein as outlet. The other blood vessels (hepatic artery, splenic vein, splenic artery, mesenteric artery and vein tree) and bile duct are ligated. To prevent the formation of thrombus, the pig is heparinized and, immediately after dissection, the organ is flushed with cold heparin. To inhibit the action of exocrine enzymes, the pancreas decellularization is set at 4 degrees C. The decellularization is performed by perfusion of Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate, and deoxyribonuclease, with an intermittent and final extensive washing. With a successful decellularization, the pancreas appears white, and a histological evaluation with hematoxylin and eosin shows an absence of nuclei with a preserved extracellular matrix structure. Thus, the proposed method can be used to successfully dissect and decellularize whole porcine pancreas.
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| 5. |
- Mc Conville, Jennifer R, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Participation in sanitation planning in Burkina Faso: theory and practice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. - : IWA Publishing. - 2043-9083 .- 2408-9362. ; 4:2, s. 304-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stakeholder participation is commonly promoted as a means to boost outcomes of sanitation improvement projects, in particular in developing countries. However, there is little research on when or how this participation should occur during the process of planning a sanitation system in order to maximize the effect. This study develops a framework for analysing participation levels of different stakeholders throughout a planning process and applies it to sanitation planning guidelines and case studies from Burkina Faso. This analysis highlights that, particularly during designing of system options and selecting among these options, there exist potential weaknesses regarding who participates and how that participation may influence what type of sanitation is implemented.
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