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- Ecke, Frauke, et al.
(författare)
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Population dynamics of small mammals in relation to forest age and structural habitat factors in northern Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 39:5, s. 781-792
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In northern Scandinavia there are indications of a long-term decline in the abundance of the three dominant vole species, Clethrionomys glareolus, Clethrionomys rufocanus and Microtus agrestis, since the 1970s. One explanation proposes that intensified clear-cutting has created even-aged and homogeneous forest stands with poor overall conditions for survival and reproduction of the voles. 2. We investigated the relationship between forest age and structural habitat factors and its implications for the species richness and abundance of small mammals. In particular, we assessed the population dynamics of C. glareolus, a forest-dwelling species with rather general habitat requirements. 3. Extensive snap-trapping of small mammals was conducted during 1998-2000 on 24 study sites in boreal forests in northern Sweden. Trapping was carried out along transects running from immature forests of six age classes (0-50 years) into adjacent reference sites (> 100 years). At each trapping station we recorded 14 habitat variables that were reduced to three principal components (PCs). The PCs were related to late successional traits, such as forest age and cover of tree layers (PC1), cover of tall vegetation in the field layer (PC2) and structural heterogeneity in the forest floor (PC3). 4. The species richness of small mammals, as well as the total abundance of C. glareolus, was positively influenced by tall vegetation (PC2) and structural heterogeneity (PC3) but not by late successional traits (PC1). The youngest forests had higher scores for both PC2 and PC3 compared with older forests. 5. The youngest forests also had the highest species richness and total abundance of C. glareolus. This was associated with a generally higher rate of change in numbers of C. glareolus during summer in the youngest forests compared with adjacent reference sites. In contrast, survival during winter was lower in the youngest forests. We found this result to be consistent with a source-sink scenario where young individuals, primarily born in old forest stands in early summer, migrate into younger forests to breed, but where the probabilities for winter survival are poor. 6. Our study demonstrates that both the species richness of small mammals and the population dynamics of C. glareolus are influenced to a great extent by structural habitat factors that are altered by common forest management practices in northern Sweden. In order to conserve species richness of small mammals and to minimize population fluctuations of C. glareolus in northern Scandinavia, we outline forest management practices that will provide heterogeneous environments, such as leaving logging residues on site after forest harvesting.
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- Gong, Peichen, et al.
(författare)
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Economic evaluation of biotechnological progress : The effect of changing management behavior
- 2013
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Ingår i: Natural Resource Modeling. - : Wiley. - 0890-8575 .- 1939-7445. ; 26:1, s. 26-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper assesses the welfare effects of biotechnological progress, as exemplified by tree improvements, using a partial equilibrium model. Timber demand is assumed to be stochastic and the distributions of its coefficients known. The coefficients of a log-linear supply function are determined by maximizing the expected present value of the total surplus of timber production, both in the presence and in the absence of genetically improved regeneration materials. The supply functions are then used to estimate the expected present values of the total surplus in different cases through simulation. These estimates enable us to assess the direct effect and the effect of changing harvest behavior on the expected present value of the total surplus. The main results of the study are (i) the presence of genetically improved regeneration materials has significant impacts on the aggregate timber supply function; (ii) the application of genetically improved regeneration materials leads to a significant increase in the expected present value of the total surplus; and (iii) a considerable proportion of the welfare gain results from the change in harvest behavior. A conclusion we draw from this study is that ignoring the influences of technological and policy changes on behavior can lead to significantly biased welfare estimates. We view the model as a potential approach to conducting counterfactual policy comparisons in economics without forward-looking data.
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- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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A method for estimation of free mica particles in aggregate fine fraction by image analysis of grain mounts
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of materials engineering and performance (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9495 .- 1544-1024. ; 17:2, s. 250-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need to evaluate free mica grains in fine fraction of aggregate products has initiated the development of a statistically and scientifically acceptable method. The proposed method is based on a modified point-counting approach using digital micro photos of thin sections of aggregate grains and a software package to sustain sample analysis. A thin section of aggregate grains provides permanent sample documentation readily available for complimentary or other analysis. Statistical analysis, together with a repeatable analysis of samples (permanent mounts), confirms the robustness of the method. The method is appropriate as a complementary assessment tool to estimate and trace changes or variations in quality of rock aggregate. Though, the estimation of free mica particles in fine fraction needs to be combined with other analyses, e.g., petrographic analysis and analyses of mechanical properties, to assess the quality of any rock material. As the samples can be collected from drill cuttings, i.e., an accessible residual product obtainable from surveying or production, the present method is particularly useful as a surveying tool and in prospecting and projecting activities.
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- Löfgren, Alexander, 1979-
(författare)
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Making Mobile Meaning : expectations and experiences of mobile computing usefulness in construction site management practice
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last decade, anticipated and realized benefits of mobile and wireless information and communication technology (ICT) for different business purposes have been widely explored and evaluated. Also, the significance of ‘user acceptance’ mechanisms through ‘perceived usefulness’ of ICT applications has gained broad recognition among business organizations in developing and adopting new ICT capabilities. However, even though technology usefulness is regularly highlighted as an important factor in ICT projects, there is often a lack of understanding of what the concept involves in the practical work context of the actual users, and how to deal with the issues of usefulness in organizational ICT development processes. This doctoral thesis covers a 1,5 year case study of a mobile computing development project at a Swedish international construction enterprise. The company’s mobile ICT venture addressed the deficient ICT use situation of management practitioners in construction site operations. The study portrays the overall socially shaped development process of the chosen technology and its evolving issues of usefulness for existing construction site management practice. The perceived usefulness of mobile computing tools among the ‘user-practitioners’ is described as emergence of ‘meaningful use’ based on initial expectations and actual experiences of the technology in their situated fieldwork context. The studied case depicts the ongoing and open-ended conversational nature of understanding adequate ICT requirements in work practice, and the negotiation of mobile computing technology design properties between users and developers over time towards the alignment of diverse personal, professional and organizational needs and purposes of ICT use. The studied introduction of mobile computing technology in construction site management fieldwork practice serves as an illustrative actual example of how to interpret, understand and approach issues of usefulness and user acceptance of ICT resources in operative work contexts when managing ICT development processes in organizations.
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- Löfgren, Eva, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Conservation Professionals and Religious Heritage
- 2023
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Ingår i: In T. Weir & L. Wijnia (Ed.). The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Heritage in Contemporary Europe. - London : Bloomsbury Academic. ; , s. 271-279
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theoretically, in a secular political system, legislation and governance are to be free from religious content, neutral to different religious affiliations, and should uphold the citizens’ right to religious freedom. Sweden took a critical step in this direction when formally separating the state from the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the year 2000. However, the remaining institutional and legal bonds indicate an ongoing relationship that few appear willing to break. Today, as society is confronted with a great variety of religious belongings, the profound and very practical intertwinement of what is perceived as “culture” and “religion” has become clear. The field of heritage conservation is no exception. Conservation professionals in public service are, in their everyday practice, continuously managing this intertwinement—while at the same time, they are expected to follow legislative frames based on a clear-cut boundary between culture and religion. This chapter aims to take the Swedish situation as a point of departure to explore some of the critical challenges that conservation professionals face when handling church buildings as the cultural heritage of a secular state. It starts with a brief depiction of the historically close relationship between religious sites and professional heritage conservation in Sweden. It explores how contemporary post-colonial critique and bottom-up, user-oriented ideology have merged in the so-called living heritage approach now used in heritage practice. Finally, it delves into the legislative situation that shapes how conservation professionals view ongoing religious worship as a prerequisite for but also as a potential threat to safeguarding historic church buildings.
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