| 1. |
- Aitomäki, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating material properties of solid and hollow fibers in suspension using ultrasonic attenuation
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control. - 0885-3010 .- 1525-8955. ; 60:7, s. 1424-1434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimates of the material properties of hollow fibers suspended in a fluid using ultrasound measurements and a simple, computationally efficient analytical model are made. The industrial application is to evaluate the properties of wood fibers in paper pulp. The necessity of using a layered cylindrical model (LCM) as opposed to a solid cylindrical model (SCM) for modeling ultrasound attenuation in a suspension of hollow fibers is evaluated. The two models are described and used to solve the inverse problem of estimating material properties from attenuation in suspensions of solid and hollow polyester fibers. The results show that the measured attenuation of hollow fibers differs from that of solid fibers. Elastic properties estimates using LCM with hollow-fiber suspension measurements are similar to those using SCM with solid-fiber suspension measurements and compare well to block polyester values for elastic moduli. However, using the SCM with the hollow-fiber suspension did not produce realistic estimations. In conclusion, the LCM gives reasonable estimations of hollow fiber properties and the SCM is not sufficiently complex to model hollow fibers. The results also indicate that the use of a distributed radius in the model is important in estimating material properties from fiber suspensions.
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| 2. |
- Aitomäki, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating suspended fibre material properties by modelling ultrasound attenuation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Mathematical Modeling of Wave Phenomena. - Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0735403252 ; , s. 250-259
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analytical model for use in the inverse problem of estimating material properties of suspended fibres from ultrasonic attenuation has been developed. The ultrasound attenuation is derived theoretically from the energy losses arising when a plane wave is scattered and absorbed off an infinitely long, isotropic, viscoelastic cylinder. By neglecting thermal considerations and assuming low viscosity in the suspending fluid, we can make additional assumptions that provide us with a tractable set of equations that can be solved analytically. The model can then be to used in inverse methods of estimating material properties. We verify the model with experimentally obtained values of attenuation for saturated Nylon fibres. The experimental results from Nylon fibres show local peaks in the attenuation which are thought to be due to the resonant absorption at the eigenfrequencies of the fibres. The results of the experiments show that the model is sufficiently sensitive to detect differences in different types of Nylon. Applications for suspended fibre characterization can be found in the paper manufacturing industry.
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| 3. |
- Aitomäki, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Light scattering in cellulose nanofibre suspensions : Model and experiments
- 2016
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Ingår i: Computers in Chemistry Proceeding from ACS National Meeting San Diego. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). ; , s. 122-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Here light scattering theory is used to assess the size distribution in a suspension of cellulose as it is fibrillated from micro-scaled to nano-scaled fibres. A model based on Monte carlo simulations of the scattering of photons by different sizes of cellulose fibres was used to predict the UV-IF spectrum of the suspensions. Bleached cellulose hardwood pulp was tested and compared to the visually transparent tempo-oxidised hardwood cellulose nanofibres (CNF) suspension. The theoretical results show that different diameter size classes exhibit very different scattering patterns. These classes could be identified in the experimental results and used to establish the size class dominating the suspension. A comparison to AFM/microscope size distribution was made and the results indicated that using the UV-IF light scattering spectrum maybe more reliable that size distribution measurement using AFM and microscopy on dried CNF samples. The UV-IF spectrum measurement combined with the theoretical prediction can be used even at this initial stage of development of this model to assess the degree of fibrillation when processing CNF.
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| 4. |
- Aitomäki, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Material property estimates from ultrasound attenuation in fibre suspensions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ultrasonics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-624X .- 1874-9968. ; 49:4-5, s. 432-437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An investigation of a new method for measuring fibre material properties from ultrasonic attenuation in a dilute suspension of synthetic fibres of uniform geometry is presented. The method is based on inversely solving an ultrasound scattering and absorption model of suspended fibres in water for the material properties of the fibres. Experimental results were obtained from three suspensions of nylon 66 fibres each with different fibre diameters. A forward solution to the model with reference material values is compared to experimental data to verify the model's behaviour. Estimates of the shear and Young's modulus, the compressional wave velocity, Poisson's ratio and loss tangent from nylon 66 fibres are compared to data available from other sources. Experimental data confirms that the model successfully predicts that the resonance features in the frequency response of the attenuation are a function of diameter. Consistent estimated values for the compressional wave velocity and the Poisson's ratio were found to be difficult to obtain but in combination gave values of shear modulus within previously reported values and with low sensitivity to noise. Young's modulus was underestimated by 54% but was consistent and had low sensitivity to noise. The underestimation is believed to be caused by the assumption of isotropic material used in the model. Additional tests on isotropic fibre would confirm this. Further analysis of the model sensitivity and the reasons for the resonance features are required.
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| 5. |
- Aitomäki, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Sounding Out Paper Pulp : Ultrasound Spectroscopy of Dilute Viscoelastic Fibre Suspensions Acoustics and Ultrasonics
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A model of attenuation of ultrasound in fibre suspensions is compared to a model of backscattering pressure from submersed cylinders subjected to a sound wave. This analysis is carried out in the region where the wavelength is of the same order as that of the diameter of the fibre. In addition we assume the cylinder scatterer to have no intrinsic attenuation and the longitudinal axis of the scatterer is assumed to be perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the incident wave. Peaks in the frequency response of both the backscattering pressure, expressed in the form of a form function, and the attenuation are shown to correspond. Similarities between the models are discussed. Since the peaks in the form function are due to resonance of the cylinder, we infer that the peaks in the attenuation are also due to resonance. The exact nature of the waves causing the resonance are still unclear however the first resonance peaks are related to the shear wave and hence the shear modulus of the material. The aim is to use the attenuation model for solving the inverse problem of calculating paper pulp material properties from attenuation measurements. The implications of these findings for paper pulp property estimation is that the supporting fluid could, if possible, be matched to density of that of pulp fibres and that the estimation of material properties should be improved by selecting a frequency range that in the region of the first resonance peaks.
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| 6. |
- Broberg, Patrik, 1983-
(författare)
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Towards Automation of Non-Destructive Testing of Welds
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All welding processes can give rise to defects that will weaken the joint and can lead to failure of the welded structure. Because of this, non-destructive testing (NDT) of welds have become increasingly important to ensure the structural integrity when the material becomes thinner and stronger and welds become smaller; all to reduce weight in order to save material and reduce emissions due to lighter constructions.Several NDT methods exists for testing welds and they all have their advantages and disadvantages when it comes to the types and sizes of defects that are detectable, but also in the ability to automate the method. Several methods were compared using common weld defects to determine which method or methods were best suited for automated NDT of welds. The methods compared were radiography, phased array ultrasound, eddy current, thermography and shearography. Phased array ultrasound was deemed most suitable for detecting the weld defects used in the comparison and for automation and was therefore chosen to be used in the continuation of this work. Thermography was shown to be useful for detecting surface defects; something not easily detected using ultrasound. A combination of these techniques will be able to find most weld defects of interest.Automation of NDT can be split into two separate areas; mechanisation of the testing and automation of the analysis, both presenting their own difficulties. The problem of mechanising the testing has been solved for simple geometries but for more general welds it will require a more advance system using an industrial robot or similar. Automation of the analysis of phased array ultrasound data consists of detection, sizing, positioning and classification of defects. There are several problems to solve before a completely automatic analysis can be made, including positioning of the data, improving signal quality, segmenting the images and classifying the defects. As a step on the way towards positioning of the data, and thereby easing the analysis, the phase of the signal was studied. It was shown that the phase can be used for finding corners in the image and will also improve the ability to position the corner as compared to using the amplitude of the signal. Further work will have to be done to improve the signal in order to reliably analyse the data automatically.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Carlson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Projekt: SCOPE Norra
- 2011
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- SCOPE Norra är ett samarbetskonsortium för forskning och utveckling tillsammans med massa- och pappersindustrin i Norrbotten och Västerbotten. Projektet koordineras av centrumbildningen ProcessIT Innovations.Inom SCOPE Norra pågår ett flertal delprojekt, uppdelat på ett antal fokusområden.Huvudfinansiär för konsortiet är Tillväxtverket genom medel från EU:s strukturfonder.
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| 10. |
- Delsing, Jerker, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Concepts and Architecture for a Thumb-Sized Smart IoT Ultrasound Measurement System
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Ultrasonic Symposium 2016. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479981823 - 9781467398978
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the technology concepts for a “thumb”-sized self-contained ultrasonic IoT measurement sys- tem. An overall architecture is proposed, and key elements are discussed with solutions using existing technology, thus arguing that realization is possible with the current technology.Such an ultrasonic IoT measurement system is constrained by its size and available energy, although it requires at least decent computational and communication resources. Because streaming data from such a device is not advisable from an energy viewpoint, there is a need for resource efficient (energy, memory and computational power) data analysis.An architecture with the following parts as well as some implementation details and performance data are proposed here:Energy supply, battery and super capacitorTransducer excitation achieving almost zero electrical lossesEvent detection sensor interfaceData aggregation using sparse approximation and learnedfeature dictionaries, adapted to resource constrained em-bedded systemsIoT communication protocols and implementations enablingevent -based communication and System of Systems integra- tion capabilitiesThe optimization of system level performance requires each subsystem to be optimized for the specific measurement situation taking into account the subsystem interdependencies. This can be performed using a combined electrical and acoustical model of the system. Here, the model allowing electronic and acoustic co-simulation using SPICE is an important tool bridging the electronic and acoustic domains.
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