| 1. |
- Löfström, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a Diagnostic PCR Method for Routine Analysis of Salmonella spp. in Animal Feed Samples
- 2008
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Ingår i: Food Analytical Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1936-9751 .- 1936-976X. ; 1:1, s. 23-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a part of a validation study, a comparative study of a PCR method and the standard culture-based method NMKL-71, for detection of Salmonella, was performed according to the validation protocol from the Nordic validation organ for validation of alternative microbiological methods (NordVal) on 250 artificially or naturally contaminated animal feed samples. The PCR method is based on culture enrichment in buffered peptone water followed by PCR using the DNA polymerase Tth and an internal amplification control. No significant difference was found between the two methods. The relative accuracy, relative sensitivity and relative specificity were found to be 96.0, 97.3, and 98.8%, respectively. PCR inhibition was observed for rape seed samples. For the acidified feed samples, more Salmonella-positive samples were found with the PCR method compared to the NMKL method. This study focuses on the growing demand for validated diagnostic PCR methods for routine analysis of animal feed and food samples to assure safety in the food production chain.
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| 2. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Vattenrening för ökad hygien vid odling av frilandsgrönsaker och bär
- 2017
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Under senare år har ett flertal utbrottmed magsjuka kopplats till konsumtionav grönsaker, frukt och bär. Sjukdomsframkallandebakterier och virus, såsomnorovirus, Salmonella, toxinproducerandeE. coli, Campylobacter och Listeria. kanspridas från bevattningsvatten via grö-dan till människor och orsaka sjukdom.Smittat bevattningsvatten kan därförförorena frilandsproducerade grönsakeroch bär. Det är alltås viktigt att hakontroll på bevattningsvattnets kvalitet.Dessutom är det viktigt att känna tillvilken typ av kultur som vattnet skaanvändas till, eftersom risken för vidaresmitta till människor varierar mellanolika typer av kulturer. T.ex. är det störrerisk att använda kontaminerat vatten tillkulturer som äts råa utan uppvärmninghos livsmedelsproducenten eller konsument,eftersom det då inte finns nå-gon möjlighet att avdöda de oönskademikroorganismerna i ett efterföljandesteg. Genom rätt hantering och adekvatbehandling av bevattningsvattnetkan dess hygieniska kvalitet förbättras.Ibland finns det möjlighet för odlarenatt byta vattenkälla, men då detta inte ärpraktiskt möjligt kan det kontamineradevattnet renas innan bevattning. I dettafaktablad beskrivs två grundläggandetekniker för rening av bevattningsvattenvid frilandsproduktion, nämligen fotokemi(fotokatalys, UV) och filtrering(mekanisk filtrering, långsamfiltrering).Dessa används för att minska risken försmittspridning med bevattningsvattnet.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Separated by a common language : Awareness of term usage differences between languages and disciplines in biopreparedness
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S276-S285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preparedness for bioterrorism is based on communication between people in organizations who are educated and trained in several disciplines, including law enforcement, health, and science. Various backgrounds, cultures, and vocabularies generate difficulties in understanding and interpretating terms and concepts, which may impair communication. This is especially true in emergency situations, in which the need for clarity and consistency is vital. The EU project AniBioThreat initiated methods and made a rough estimate of the terms and concepts that are crucial for an incident, and a pilot database with key terms and definitions has been constructed. Analysis of collected terms and sources has shown that many of the participating organizations use various international standards in their area of expertise. The same term often represents different concepts in the standards from different sectors, or, alternatively, different terms were used to represent the same or similar concepts. The use of conflicting terminology can be problematic for decision makers and communicators in planning and prevention or when handling an incident. Since the CBRN area has roots in multiple disciplines, each with its own evolving terminology, it may not be realistic to achieve unequivocal communication through a standardized vocabulary and joint definitions for words from common language. We suggest that a communication strategy should include awareness of alternative definitions and ontologies and the ability to talk and write without relying on the implicit knowledge underlying specialized jargon. Consequently, cross-disciplinary communication skills should be part of training of personnel in the CBRN field. In addition, a searchable repository of terms and definitions from relevant organizations and authorities would be a valuable addition to existing glossaries for improving awareness concerning bioterrorism prevention planning. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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| 4. |
- Anniballi, F., et al.
(författare)
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Management of animal botulism outbreaks : From clinical suspicion to practical countermeasures to prevent or minimize outbreaks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S191-S199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease that affects humans, all warm-blooded animals, and some fishes. The disease is caused by exposure to toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum and other botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. Botulism in animals represents a severe environmental and economic concern because of its high mortality rate. Moreover, meat or other products from affected animals entering the food chain may result in a public health problem. To this end, early diagnosis is crucial to define and apply appropriate veterinary public health measures. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical findings eliminating other causes of neuromuscular disorders and on the absence of internal lesions observed during postmortem examination. Since clinical signs alone are often insufficient to make a definitive diagnosis, laboratory confirmation is required. Botulinum antitoxin administration and supportive therapies are used to treat sick animals. Once the diagnosis has been made, euthanasia is frequently advisable. Vaccine administration is subject to health authorities' permission, and it is restricted to a small number of animal species. Several measures can be adopted to prevent or minimize outbreaks. In this article we outline all phases of management of animal botulism outbreaks occurring in wet wild birds, poultry, cattle, horses, and fur farm animals. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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| 5. |
- Björnham, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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BioCon - A model for pathogens and biofilm in drinking water distribution systems
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En modell för biologisk kontamination av dricksvattensystem är utvecklad som ett komplement till kommersiella mjukvaror. Modellen benämns Biofilm contamination model (BioCon), vilken utgörs av delmodeller för transport och biofilmer. De dominerande processerna beskrivs genom ett system av partiella differentialekvationer. BioCon inkluderar även en numerisk lösare för de biofysikaliska modellerna och visualisering av den tidsupplösta kontaminationen i systemet. BioCon är utformad för att kunna hantera många olika biologiska agens och miljöparametrar genom parametrisering av de styrande ekvationerna. De två patogenerna Escherichia coli och Cryptosporidium spp. utgör pilotagens i denna rapport och relevanta egenskaper hos dem diskuteras. Förslag på parametrisering ges för E. coli baserad främst på publicerad litteratur men också till del från preliminär data från laboratorieexperiment genomförda under detta projekt. Modellstrukturen av de viktigaste komponenterna såsom transport, inbindning/dissociation, utveckling av biofilm, och påverkan av temperatur, desinfektionsmedel och näringsämnen, är utformade för att ge upphov till beteenden som överensstämmer med rapporterade experimentell data och teoretiska modeller. Huvuddragen i BioCon har på detta sätt blivit verifierade med avseende på nuvarande kunskapsläge, vilket presenteras i denna rapport. Däremot har en omfattande och kvantitativ validering av BioCon, genom jämförelse med experimentell data för samma system av agens, miljöfaktorer och flöden, ej kunnat genomföras inom ramen för detta projekt. Detta rekommenderas som en framtida studie.
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| 6. |
- de Knegt, Leonardo V., et al.
(författare)
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Application of Molecular Typing Results in Source Attribution Models : The Case of Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) of Salmonella Isolates Obtained from Integrated Surveillance in Denmark
- 2016
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Ingår i: Risk Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0272-4332 .- 1539-6924. ; 36:3, s. 571-588
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salmonella is an important cause of bacterial foodborne infections in Denmark. To identify the main animal-food sources of human salmonellosis, risk managers have relied on a routine application of a microbial subtyping-based source attribution model since 1995. In 2013, multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) substituted phage typing as the subtyping method for surveillance of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolated from animals, food, and humans in Denmark. The purpose of this study was to develop a modeling approach applying a combination of serovars, MLVA types, and antibiotic resistance profiles for the Salmonella source attribution, and assess the utility of the results for the food safety decisionmakers. Full and simplified MLVA schemes from surveillance data were tested, and model fit and consistency of results were assessed using statistical measures. We conclude that loci schemes STTR5/STTR10/STTR3 for S. Typhimurium and SE9/SE5/SE2/SE1/SE3 for S. Enteritidis can be used in microbial subtyping-based source attribution models. Based on the results, we discuss that an adjustment of the discriminatory level of the subtyping method applied often will be required to fit the purpose of the study and the available data. The issues discussed are also considered highly relevant when applying, e.g., extended multi-locus sequence typing or next-generation sequencing techniques.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, John, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of genotyping methods by application to Salmonella livingstone strains associated with an outbreak of human salmonellosis
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 104:1, s. 93-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During 2000 and 2001, an outbreak of human salmonellosis occurred in Sweden and Norway, caused by Salmonella livingstone. In this study, the genotypic differences between three strains obtained from food sources during the outbreak, two human strains and 27 more or less unrelated strains were analysed, using the three methods; automated ribotyping, pulsed field get electrophoresis (PFGE) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Each method was evaluated regarding its discriminatory ability, reproducibility and typeability. Simpson's discriminatory index calculated for each method was 0.556 for automated ribotyping, 0.766 for PFGE and 0.236 for RAPD. The reproducibility, defined as the minimum similarity between individual replicates in a cluster analysis, was 96% for automated ribotyping and PFGE, and 90% for RAPD. All the strains were typeable with each method. When combining results for the three genotyping methods, it was found that RAPD did not increase the discriminatory index and was therefore excluded from further analysis. Using a combination of the results obtained from ribotyping and PFGE (D = 0.855), two strains that had been isolated from feed factories during 1998 were shown to be identical to the outbreak strain, indicating a possible route of contamination due to a clone of Salmonella livingstone persisting in feed producing facilities. No connection to poultry was established. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Fachmann, Mette S. R., et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effective optimization of real-time PCR-based detection of Campylobacter and Salmonella with inhibitor tolerant DNA polymerases
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Microbiology. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1364-5072 .- 1365-2672. ; 119:5, s. 1391-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to cost-effectively improve detection of foodborne pathogens in PCR inhibitory samples through the use of alternative DNA polymerases. Methods and Results: Commercially available polymerases (n = 16) and PCR master mixes (n = 4) were screened on DNA purified from bacterial cells in two validated real-time PCR assays for Campylobacter and Salmonella. The five best performing (based on: limit of detection (LOD), maximum fluorescence, shape of amplification curves and amplification efficiency) were subsequently applied to meat and faecal samples. The VeriQuest qPCR master mix performed best for both meat and faecal samples (LODs of 102 and 104 CFU ml-1 in the purest and crudest DNA extractions respectively) compared with Tth (LOD = 102-103 and 105-106 CFU ml-1). AmpliTaqGold and HotMasterTaq both performed well (LOD = 102-104 CFU ml-1) with meat samples and poorly (LOD = 103-106 CFU ml-1/not detected) with faecal samples. Conclusions: Applying the VeriQuest qPCR master mix in the two tested real-time PCR assays could allow for simpler sample preparation and thus a reduction in cost. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work exemplifies a cost-effective strategy for optimizing real-time PCR-based assays. However, a DNA polymerase suitable for one assay and sample type is not necessarily optimal for other assays or sample types.
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| 9. |
- Fachmann, M S R, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of Salmonella in meat in less than 5 hours by a low-cost and non-complex sample preparation method.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 83:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salmonella is recognised as one of the most important foodborne bacteria, and has a wide health and socioeconomical impact worldwide. Fresh pork meat is one of the main sources of Salmonella and efficient and fast methods for detection are therefore necessary. Current methods for Salmonella detection in fresh meat usually include >16 h of culture enrichment, in few cases < 12 h, thus requiring at least two working shifts. Here, we report a rapid (< 5 h) and high throughput method, for screening of Salmonella in samples from fresh pork meat, consisting of a 3-h enrichment in standard buffered peptone water, and a real-time PCR compatible sample preparation method, based on filtration, centrifugation, and enzymatic digestion, followed by fast cycling real-time PCR detection. The method was validated in an un-paired, comparative study against the Nordic Committee on Food Analysis (NMKL) reference culture method 187. Pork meat samples (n=140) were either artificially contaminated with Salmonella at levels: 0, 1-10 and 10-100 CFU/25 g, or naturally contaminated. Cohen's Kappa for degree of agreement between the rapid method and the reference was 0.64 and the relative accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for the rapid method were 81.4, 95.1 and 97.9 %, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD50) was 8.8 CFU/25 g for the rapid method and 7.7 CFU/25 g for the reference method. Implementation of this method will enable faster release of Salmonella low risk meat, providing savings for meat producers, and help contribute to improved food safety.IMPORTANCE: While the cost of analysis and hands-on time of the presented rapid method were comparable to reference culture methods, the fast product release by this method can provide the meat industry with a competitive advantage. Not only will the abattoirs save costs for work hours and cold storage; consumers as well as retailers will also benefit from fresher meat with a longer shelf life. Furthermore, the presented sample preparation might be adjusted for application in detection of other pathogenic bacteria in different sample types.
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| 10. |
- Fred, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Samverkan som marknadsskapande – introduktionen av social impact bonds i Sverige och Finland
- 2021
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Ingår i: Perspektiv på samverkan : om utmaningar och möjligheter i välfärdens praktik - om utmaningar och möjligheter i välfärdens praktik. - 9789144143804 ; , s. 425-446
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är vanligt att anta att marknad och samverkan befinner sig i motsatsställning: på en marknad ska det idealt sett råda konkurrens mellan olika aktörer medan samverkan vanligen handlar om flera aktörers gemensamma strävan mot samma mål. Stater och inte minst EU:s institutioner vidtar regelbundet åtgärder för att skapa marknader och konkurrens, och i dessa åtgärder finns ofta direkta försök att förhindra samverkan mellan aktörer. I det här kapitlet undersöker vi en process där samverkan syftar till at skapa en ny marknad inom offentlig verksamhet - en marknad för social impact Bonds (SIB). Samverkan står i detta fall inte i motsättning till konkurrens eller marknad utan är snarare en strategi som aktörer använder sig av i marknadsskapande syfte.
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