| 1. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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HERCULES - Sustainable futures for Europe’s HERitage in CULtural landscapES: Tools for understanding, managing, and protecting landscape functions and values : D2.3 Dynamic models for analyzing long-term landscape change
- 2016
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work Package 2.3 of the HERCULES project brings together a protocol for studying the long-term changes in cultural landscapes and spatial dynamic modelling frameworks and tools. Additionally it presents the possibilities of applying web GIS tools, which are available through HERCULES´s Knowledge Hub (WP7) to publish and share the research results with various actors having different disciplinary backgrounds. The protocol defines an innovative methodological procedure for understanding the long-term development and transformation of cultural landscapes, drawing on recent insights from geography, landscape archaeology, (historical) ecology, anthropology and information science. The protocol subsequently deals with the following topics and issues: An overview of the major concepts and approaches in archaeological and historical landscape research in both North America and Europe and the major issues raised in landscape history over the past decades (Section 2.1). This also defines the necessity of developing an integrated approach to long-term changes in cultural landscapes (Section 2.2); A set of premises for understanding long-term changes in cultural landscapes (Section 2.3), as well as a number of operational principles for translating these premises to concrete starting points, procedures, methods and techniques in individual or comparative landscape projects (Section 2.4). These premises and operational principles are based on the methodological buildings blocks of the protocol: historical ecology, landscape biography and complex systems theory. Based on the protocol two spatial dynamic modelling frameworks are presented and applied in two carefully selected case study areas (i.e. the Dutch Lower Rhine region and the Swedish Uppland region). The modelling frameworks present innovative methods that allow analyzing past spatial dynamics. The presented modelling frameworks demonstrate the high potential of spatial dynamic modelling framework to better understand past landscape processes. However, it also shows that it is highly complicated to simulate these spatial dynamics. The main problems are the quality and detail of available data, and the uncertainties in assumptions made. Interpreting and using the modelling results must therefore be approached with care and requires additional research. Additionally this deliverable shows the potential of HERCULES’s Knowledge Hub. It shows how the results of one of the modelling frameworks can be interactively presented using advance web mapping technologies (i.e. story telling GIS tools). This does not only allow the research results to be published in a scientific transparent way, it also offers tooling to bridge the gap between academic spatial modelling experts, heritage landscape experts and nonscientific stakeholders.
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| 2. |
- von Hackwitz, Kim, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative interdiciplinary protocol for understanding landscape dynamics, based on the rpespective of historical ecology, landscape biography and complex system theory.
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first deliverable of Work Package 2 (D 2.1) of the HERCULES project contains theoutlines of a protocol for studying the long-term changes in cultural landscapes. It is intendedas a first design of such a protocol, as it has to be tested and refined further in the process ofconducting three regional case studies and inter-regional comparisons within the HERCULESproject. The protocol defines an innovative methodological procedure for understanding thelong-term development and transformation of cultural landscapes, drawing on recent insightsfrom geography, landscape archaeology, (historical) ecology, anthropology and informationscience. The procedure will be informed by the definitions and the conceptual frameworkdeveloped in HERCULES work package 1.The protocol text subsequently deals with the following topics and issues:1. A short description of its main aim and its relationship to the work being done in otherwork packages of the HERCULES project (Section 1);2. An overview of the major concepts and approaches in archaeological and historicallandscape research in both North America and Europe and the major issues raised inlandscape history over the past decades (Section 2). This also defines the necessity ofdeveloping an integrated approach to long-term changes in cultural landscapes(Section 3);3. A set of premises for understanding long-term changes in cultural landscapes (Section4), as well as a number of operational principles for translating these premises toconcrete starting points, procedures, methods and techniques in individual orcomparative landscape projects (section 5). These premises and operational principlesare based on the methodological buildings blocks of the protocol: historical ecology,landscape biography and complex systems theory.4. Starting points for integrating landscape history with the current theory and practice ofgeodesign (Section 6);5. Design of an infrastructural facility for retrieving and linking archaeological,historical and ecological data and geo-information (SDI) to support theinterdisciplinary study of landscape change (Section 7).6. An exploration of concepts and techniques in dynamic modeling that can help betterand more consistently understand the long-term processes that have been operating (orstill are) in cultural landscapes, including outlines and examples of a comparative casestudy approach (Section 8).
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| 3. |
- Arthur, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of volcanism on Scandinavian climate and human societies during the Holocene: Insights into the Fimbulwinter eruptions (536/540 AD)
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent paleoclimatic research has revealed that volcanic events around 536–540 AD caused severe, short-term global cooling. For this same period, archeological research from various regions evidences significant cultural transformation. However, there is still a lack of understanding of how human societies responded and adapted to extreme climate variability and new circumstances. This study focuses on the effects of the 536/540 AD volcanic event in four Scandinavian regions by exploring the shift in demographic and land use intensity before, during, and after this abrupt climate cooling. To achieve this, we performed climate simulations with and without volcanic eruptions using a dynamically downscaled climate model (iLOVECLIM) at a high resolution (0.25° or ~25 km). We integrated the findings with a comprehensive collection of radiocarbon dates from excavated archeological sites across various Scandinavian regions. Our Earth System Model simulates pronounced cooling (maximum ensemble mean −1.1°C), an abrupt reduction in precipitation, and a particularly acute drop in growing degree days (GDD0) after the volcanic event, which can be used to infer likely impacts on agricultural productivity. When compared to the archeological record, we see considerable regional diversity in the societal response to this sudden environmental event. As a result, this study provides a more comprehensive insight into the demographic chronology of Scandinavia and a deeper understanding of the land-use practices its societies depended on during the 536/540 AD event. Our results suggest that this abrupt climate anomaly amplified a social change already in progress.
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| 4. |
- Börjesson, Lisa, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Re-purposing Excavation Database Content as Paradata : An Explorative Analysis of Paradata Identification Challenges and Opportunities
- 2022
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Ingår i: KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies. - : University of Victoria Libraries. - 2398-4112. ; 6:3, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although data reusers request information about how research data was created and curated, this information is often non-existent or only briefly covered in data descriptions. The need for such contextual information is particularly critical in fields like archaeology, where old legacy data created during different time periods and through varying methodological framings and fieldwork documentation practices retains its value as an important information source. This article explores the presence of contextual information in archaeological data with a specific focus on data provenance and processing information, i.e., paradata. The purpose of the article is to identify and explicate types of paradata in field observation documentation. The method used is an explorative close reading of field data from an archaeological excavation enriched with geographical metadata. The analysis covers technical and epistemological challenges and opportunities in paradata identification, and discusses the possibility of using identified paradata in data descriptions and for data reliability assessments. Results show that it is possible to identify both knowledge organisation paradata (KOP) relating to data structuring and knowledge-making paradata (KMP) relating to fieldwork methods and interpretative processes. However, while the data contains many traces of the research process, there is an uneven and, in some categories, low level of structure and systematicity that complicates automated metadata and paradata identification and extraction. The results show a need to broaden the understanding of how structure and systematicity are used and how they impact research data in archaeology and in comparable field sciences. The insights into how a dataset’s KOP and KMP can be read is also a methodological contribution to data literacy research and practice development. On a repository level, the results underline the need to include paradata about dataset creation, purpose, terminology, dataset internal and external relations, and eventual data colloquialisms that require explanation to reusers.
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| 5. |
- Graham, Angus, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Theban Harbours and Waterscapes Survey, 2015
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0307-5133 .- 2514-0582. ; 101:1, s. 37-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Report on the 2015 season of the Theban Harbours and Waterscapes Survey (THaWS). The paper discusses the extension of geoarchaeological and geophysical investigations to the east of the Ramesseum, the continuing work in and around the Temple of Millions of Years of Amenhotep III, and the topographic survey and geophysical survey of the western mounds of the Birket Habu.
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| 6. |
- Gärdebo, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Smallholding Travel in the Agrarian Revolution : Using a Farmer Diary to Map Spatio-Temporal Patterns in Late Nineteenth Century Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: The international Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing. - : Edinburgh University Press. - 1753-8548 .- 1755-1706. ; 10:2, s. 179-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is an exploratory study using a smallholding diaryand GIS to project the spatio-temporal pattern of a smallholding’s travel inlate nineteenth century Sweden. Through time-series of smallholding’s dailydiary notes, we develop an understanding for how smallholders adjusted toand participated in Swedish government policy, which resulted in the processtermed ‘agrarian revolution’. Between 1872–1892, Tomtas Smallholding alteredits spatio-temporal patterns from seasonal travels to production accordingto market demands and along new lines of transportation like railways.While the smallholding also used railways to visit distant places, it wasprimarily their produce that travelled further unto international markets. Thisalso influenced the smallholding demography, from an extended householdtowards a nuclear family. As market demands shifted from subsistence to dairyproducts, the smallholding contracted primarily female farm servants due totheir specialisation in milking.
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| 7. |
- Hatlestad, Kailin
(författare)
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Exploring Uncertainty and Significance : Analysing Human Response to Environmental Risk with Computational Archaeology
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As humanity confronts the escalating challenges posed by rapid climate change, it becomes increasingly urgent to understand the complex dynamics of human-environment interactions to mitigate its multifaceted impacts. Archaeology, with its long-term perspective, offers the opportunity to examine past societal responses to environmental risks across diverse locations in Northwestern Europe and temporal scales. This dissertation aims to contribute to this critical endeavour by exploring the socio-environmental dynamics and adaptive strategies of past societies, to inform effective responses to climate change challenges in both the present and future. Utilizing computational archaeology, which integrates digital technologies and computational methods to analyse big data, the dissertation employs probabilistic approaches, including Bayesian modelling like summed probability distributions of radiocarbon (14C) data, to confront uncertainties inherent in reconstructing past human-environmental dynamics from interdisciplinary datasets. Additionally, quantitative methods, such as correlation tests and null hypothesis testing of 14C data, are employed to identify significant shifts in these dynamics, translating insights into quantitative terms for enhanced integration with policy-making processes. The primary objective of the dissertation is to illustrate how the integration of archaeological and environmental big data can enrich the understanding of human responses to environmental challenges. The papers in this thesis demonstrate how computational methods can be applied to big data to understand spatiotemporal changes in human-environmental variables, uncovering risk management strategies and societal vulnerabilities. The papers highlight cases where human communities experienced mitigated adverse effects from severe environmental shifts due to diverse socioeconomic strategies. Simultaneously, the results emphasize regional variations in the impacts of climate change, crucial for understanding the effectiveness of human responses. Moreover, the thesis exhibits how big data analytics both complement and challenge existing archaeological interpretations, contributing to the development of new theories. Importantly, it underscores the significance of diverse socioeconomic strategies in mitigating risks, especially in the face of abrupt environmental events.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Huvila, Isto, Professor, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Archaeological information work and the digital turn
- 2018
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Ingår i: Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society. - New York : Routledge. - 9780415788434 - 9781315225272 ; , s. 143-158
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embracing digitality is to a large degree a question of competence of critically understanding a branch of technologies, their use, usefulness and direct and indirect cultural repercussions. It is fair to claim that both quantitatively and qualitatively, there is more archaeological and archaeologically relevant information than before and new copious possibilities to use and reuse, analyse and reanalyse this information. A vital aspect in the process is to maintain a critical sensitivity to the limits of both large and narrow categories and an understanding of their consequences to archaeological information work and the conduct of archaeology. This is a task of all archaeological information workers from field archaeologists to geographic information system specialists, curators and information managers, and obviously, especially those who are engaged in educating and training future generations of professionals.
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| 10. |
- Kolen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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HERCULES: Studying long-term changes in Europe’s landscapes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia. - 0169-7447. ; , s. 209-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the outlines of a new EU-fundedresearch program for the long-term history, present-daymanagement and further development of the Europeanlandscapes, including their natural and cultural heritage:HERCULES. One of the subprojects of this program(Work Package 2) links archaeological, historical andhistorical ecological data to the analysis of geo-informationin order to develop models of long-term landscape changein three carefully chosen study regions in the Netherlands,Sweden and Estonia. This is framed theoretically byintegrating insights from landscape biography, historicalecology and complex systems theory. The linking andanalysis of data will be done using a Spatial DataInfrastructure and by means of dynamic modelling.
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