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- Ljung, Margareta, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Functions, performances and perceptions of work on ships
- 2014
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 13:2, s. 231-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demands for greater efficiency and increased profitability in shipping have increased with hardened competition. In recent years major reductions in manning have been made. When the STCW Convention was revised in 1995, this led to changes in terms of the organization of work on board. By using a functional approach, it became possible to handle current demands that all tasks on board are founded on competency-based skills. This article reports the results from an investigation of work functions performed on board ships. The aim was to investigate how these functions are performed today and how marine officers perceived this. Main questions were as follows: How do officers handle the working situation with a reduced crew? Which job functions do they have and how are these performed? How do officers experience the work situation on board? Field studies, involving participant observation and interviews on various types of vessels were conducted and issues were illuminated and analyzed from a socio-technical perspective. The results revealed some specific areas. Reduced crews highlight the need for the right kind of knowledgeable people. Not everyone can be good at everything, maybe not even within their own profession. The predominating issue is about the increased administrative work and the lack of skills development. A continuous professional development should be part of the work and a planned activity. Vessel crews are trying to create flexible solutions for performing the work on board. They are doing this in various ways, depending on the number of the crew, the leadership and the specific vessel culture.
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| 4. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Who Cares and Who Pays? : The Stakeholders of Maritime Human Factors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Human Factors in Ship Design & Operation. - London : Royal Institute of Naval Architects. ; , s. 69-76, s. 69-76
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper aims at identifying the key stakeholders in maritime human factors and analyse their interest in, and power to influence the human factors issues. A stakeholder analysis is done and a model displays eight stakeholders from a vessel lifecycle perspective. It is concluded that the interest and the power to influence is much differentiated, largely due to the nature of shipping. An increased public interest in environmental, economic and socio-political sustainability has affected the environmental work in the industry and it is believed that pressure from consumers will lead to increased demands on shipping. It is further concluded that well operated shipping contribute to greater overall efficiency and economy and should offset higher unit freight costs resulting by the use of better maintained and managed ships.
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| 5. |
- Almeida Costa, Nicole, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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THE VALUES OF ERGONOMICS IN SHIP DESIGN AND OPERATION
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects - Human Factors in Ship Design & Operation Conference. ; , s. 15-26
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The industry of shipping and ship design involves a set of requirements and business strategies that aim at reliability, efficiency, keeping up with state-of-the-art technology and creating a competitive advantage. Inattention to ergonomics (or human factors) in the process may, however, jeopardize the safety of onboard operations and, in turn, implicate higher costs for the company. Ergonomics and user involvement applied to design through a User-centred Design (UCD) approach is believed to result in several success factors that improve the overall safety and quality of work and life onboard.This study explores and disseminates the success factors of UCD from which seafarers believe they can benefit as ship users. Such is done by cross-examining data from two focus group interviews comprised predominantly by participants with seagoing experience. The results show that the participants perceive UCD as an added value in terms of physical, cognitive, psychosocial and organizational improvements. Communication between stakeholders, usability, safety and satisfaction are a few of the categories that result from the identified success factors.This study conveys a comprehensive summary of the success factors collected in the focus groups, of the corresponding categories and of the affected dimensions of life and work onboard. Such findings represent the importance of UCD for those who operate ships and may serve as an incentive for ship-owners and designers to adopt a UCD approach, as well as for researchers to continue studying this subject further.
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| 6. |
- Amantini, Aladino, et al.
(författare)
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Initial plan of dissemination and use of results
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document contains the initial plan for using and disseminating knowledge and foreground developed within the ITERATE Project.The Deliverable contains five main Chapters and an Appendix.The first Chapter describes the purpose of the document, its structure, and introduces the other sections. Chapter 2 and 3 define the dissemination strategy of the ITERATE project and provide a classification of dissemination activities. For each type of dissemination action, the corresponding implementation approach is proposed. Then, for each type of dissemination activity, the actions already performed and those planned are described in some details. The dissemination materials already produced by the project and their usage are briefly described. Materials and products already completed, as well as planned, are described, even though a dedicated Deliverable is foreseen in the future that will contain copies of the actual products provided for dissemination purposes. The Exploitation plan is discussed in the last Chapter of the Deliverable. The two different natures and typology of partners , i.e., academic and industrial/consultancy, are considered. In particular, for each partner, a market and competition analysis is performed and the objectives and guidelines for subsequent exploitation of the results is preliminarily discussed. Finally, the appendix contains, for completeness, the Dissemination and Exploitation Questionnaire utilised to collect information among partners.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Monica, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Engine Control Rooms - Human Factors
- 2007
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Ingår i: RINA Human Factors in Ship Design, Safety & Operation IV.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Barnard, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Selection of operator support systems across modes
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Deliverable provides an outline of the process involved in task 2.2 of the ITERATE project forselecting an appropriate set of hypotheses to be tested inWorkpackages 3 (Experimental design andscenario specification), and 4 (Experimental studies).During a workshop with all partners involved in the project, hypotheses were formulated for thethree main system functionalities outlined in D2.1: those that support speed management (SpeedManagement), systems that support system object detection and avoidance (Collision Avoidance)and those that monitor operator state (Operator State). In formulating these hypotheses, partnerswere encouraged to consider systematically the effect of operator state and different operatorgroups on interaction with these three systems. To allow succinct formulation of hypotheses, fouroperator based parameters which are thought to affect operator behaviour with the system, wereidentified: sensation-seeking, hazard perception, fatigue and (high and low) task demand. Informulating hypotheses, partnerswere encouraged to consider the whole process linking a cause toan effect, with a clear mechanism that would link the two.
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| 9. |
- Bergström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Rule- and Role-Retreat: An Empirical Study of Procedures and Resilience
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Maritime Research. - 1697-9133. ; 6:1, s. 75-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To manage complex and dynamic socio-technical systems places demands on teams to deal with a range of more and less foreseeable situations. Three groups of participants with different maritime experiences were studied using the same simulation of a ship to better understand the role of generic competencies (e.g. information management, communication and coordination, decision making, and effect control) play in such high-demand situations. Groups with moderate maritime experience were able to balance contextual knowledge with use of generic competencies to successfully manage unexpected and escalating situations. Novices, lacking contextual knowledge, performed less well. Groups with the most maritime expertise remained committed to presumed procedures and roles and did not perform as well as the other two groups. The results suggest that training to operate complex socio-technical systems safely and effectively should go beyond procedures and include development of generic competencies. This could provide operators with better tools to enhance organizational resilience in unexpected and escalating situations.
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