| 1. |
- Binesse, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species-Degrading Enzymes of Francisella tularensis SCHU S4
- 2015
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 83:6, s. 2255-2263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium utilizing macrophages as its primary intracellular habitat and is therefore highly capable of resisting the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potent mediators of the bactericidal activity of macrophages. We investigated the roles of enzymes presumed to be important for protection against ROS. Four mutants of the highly virulent SCHU S4 strain with deletions of the genes encoding catalase (katG), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), a DyP-type peroxidase (FTT0086), or double deletion of FTT0086 and katG showed much increased susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and slightly increased susceptibility to paraquat but not to peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and displayed intact intramacrophage replication. Nevertheless, mice infected with the double deletion mutant showed significantly longer survival than SCHU S4-infected mice. Unlike the aforementioned mutants, deletion of the gene coding for alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (ahpC) generated a mutant much more susceptible to paraquat and ONOO- but not to H2O2. It showed intact replication in J774 cells but impaired replication in bone marrow-derived macrophages and in internal organs of mice. The live vaccine strain, LVS, is more susceptible than virulent strains to ROS-mediated killing and possesses a truncated form of FTT0086. Expression of the SCHU S4 FTT0086 gene rendered LVS more resistant to H2O2, which demonstrates that the SCHU S4 strain possesses additional detoxifying mechanisms. Collectively, the results demonstrate that SCHU S4 ROS-detoxifying enzymes have overlapping functions, and therefore, deletion of one or the other does not critically impair the intracellular replication or virulence, although AhpC appears to have a unique function.
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| 2. |
- Cocq, Coppélie, Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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A web experience exploring spatio–linguistic data : the case of place-making signs in northern Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Maps. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1744-5647. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has highlighted the limitations encountered in representing the dynamism of language use and contacts. Here, linguistic landscapes from five towns in Northern Sweden are the point of departure for investigating novel perspectives through the geovisualization of multilingualism, with the ultimate aim of understanding how languages in our surroundings help construct public spaces. As an outcome, a web GIS application, based on 6865 thematically analyzed photographs, was developed as an interactive resource for visualizing and sharing the data and enabling new modes of analysis and new research questions. The article describes the data collection and curation processes, app development using GIS software and software-as-a-service, the eventual app design and interaction, and the update and maintenance plans, as well as discussing challenges and considerations related to temporalities, spatialities, and technicalities. The web GIS has potential applications in spatial analysis, research communication, and education.
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| 3. |
- Cocq, Coppélie, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Developing methods for the study of linguistic landscapes in sparsely populated areas
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article focuses on the methodology developed in a mixed-method study situated in sparsely populated areas in Sweden within a project that aims at investigating the role of language in place-making and in relation to various groups. These areas have a rich history of multilingualism as well as a more recent influx of multilingualism - the former usually in the form of Indigenous Sámi language and national minority languages; the latter being for example tourism from many parts of the world or refugees.The article discusses a mixed-methods approach that includes textual and numerical data, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis. Register data is both used to select sites for investigation and for the interpretation of the data.The article further focuses on coding and categorizing signs for linguistic code, status, space and function as well as some on methodological issues and challenges that have occurred along the process.
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| 4. |
- Cocq, Coppélie, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Maps for Linguistic Diversity
- 2021
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Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. ; , s. 224-229
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Documenting and analyzing how multilingualism materializes around us gives insights in the use, hierarchies and inclusions of languages in society. The visualization of these insights, however, is often challenging as characteris- tics of languages, their flows, movements etc. demand contextualization and clar- ifications that can be difficult to render on a visualization model such as a map. This paper discusses the challenges of visualization and the potentials of digital maps in Linguistic Landscape Studies. We suggest to include and integrate vari- ous layers of qualitative and quantitative data in order to strive for rendering the dynamism of language use.
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| 5. |
- Cocq, Coppélie, Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Multilingualism in the North: From Baklava to Tre Kronor
- 2022
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Ingår i: Languages. - : MDPI. - 2226-471X. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores processes of place-making through the study of the linguistic landscape of a small-size town in Northern Sweden. The analysis of signs is used as a tool for examining the role and visibility of actors in the landscape. For this purpose, we examine who the authors are, what forms of multilingualism can be observed, and who has agency in the place-making of the public space. Our documentation consists of photos and fieldnotes from observations, encounters, and conversations with people during ethnographic fieldwork in 2019. Using a mixed-methods approach, all signs were first analysed quantitatively according to the categories of authors and function. Regression analysis was used to explore correlations between the categories. Secondly, multilingual signs were analysed qualitatively regarding their function and purpose in relation to their contexts. Our results illustrate a city centre with a strong presence of the Swedish language. Multilingual signs target specific groups and are intended for information, advertisement, rules and regulations; moreover, our findings indicate that the opportunities for private actors to influence the linguistic landscape are limited. The form of multilingualism in this context—visible multilingualism present mainly through English—is different from the one we can see in the socio-demographic data.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Granstedt, Lena, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid language use in urban landscapes of northern Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sociolinguistic variation in urban linguistic landscapes. - Helsinki : The Finnish Literature Society. - 9789518588729 - 9789518588705 ; , s. 37-50
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Lindgren, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms of heme utilization by Francisella tularensis
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent facultative intracellular pathogen causing the severe disease tularemia in mammals. As for other bacteria, iron is essential for its growth but very few mechanisms for iron acquisition have been identified. Here, we analyzed if and how F. tularensis can utilize heme, a major source of iron in vivo. This is by no means obvious since the bacterium lacks components of traditional heme-uptake systems. We show that SCHU S4, the prototypic strain of subspecies tularensis, grew in vitro with heme as the sole iron source. By screening a SCHU S4 transposon insertion library, 16 genes were identified as important to efficiently utilize heme, two of which were required to avoid heme toxicity. None of the identified genes appeared to encode components of a potential heme-uptake apparatus. Analysis of SCHU S4 deletion mutants revealed that each of the components FeoB, the siderophore system, and FupA, contributed to the heme-dependent growth. In the case of the former two systems, iron acquisition was impaired, whereas the absence of FupA did not affect iron uptake but led to abnormally high binding of iron to macromolecules. Overall, the present study demonstrates that heme supports growth of F. tularensis and that the requirements for the utilization are highly complex and to some extent novel.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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