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- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(author)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 2. |
- Chidambaram, Swathikan, et al.
(author)
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Identifying a core symptom set triggering radiological and endoscopic investigations for suspected recurrent esophago-gastric cancer : a modified Delphi consensus process
- 2023
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In: Diseases of the esophagus. - : Oxford University Press. - 1120-8694 .- 1442-2050. ; 36:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is currently a lack of evidence-based guidelines regarding surveillance for recurrence after esophageal and gastric (OG) cancer surgical resection, and which symptoms should prompt endoscopic or radiological investigations for recurrence. The aim of this study was to develop a core symptom set using a modified Delphi consensus process that should guide clinicians to carry out investigations to look for suspected recurrent OG cancer in previously asymptomatic patients.METHODS: A web-based survey of 42 questions was sent to surgeons performing OG cancer resections at high volume centers. The first section evaluated the structure of follow-up and the second, determinants of follow-up. Two rounds of a modified Delphi consensus process and a further consensus workshop were used to determine symptoms warranting further investigations. Symptoms with a 75% consensus agreement as suggestive of recurrent cancer were included in the core symptom set.RESULTS: 27 surgeons completed the questionnaires. A total of 70.3% of centers reported standardized surveillance protocols, whereas 3.7% of surgeons did not undertake any surveillance in asymptomatic patients after OG cancer resection. In asymptomatic patients, 40.1% and 25.9% of centers performed routine imaging and endoscopy, respectively. The core set that reached consensus, consisted of eight symptoms that warranted further investigations included; dysphagia to solid food, dysphagia to liquids, vomiting, abdominal pain, chest pain, regurgitation of foods, unexpected weight loss and progressive hoarseness of voice.CONCLUSION: There is global variation in monitoring patients after OG cancer resection. Eight symptoms were identified by the consensus process as important in prompting radiological or endoscopic investigation for suspected recurrent malignancy. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to link surveillance strategies to survival outcomes and evaluate prognostic value.
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| 3. |
- Keshavarz, Mahmoud, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Les passeurs, une aide nécessaire
- 2022
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In: Atlas des migrations dans le monde. - : Armand Colin. - 9782200632823 ; , s. 114-115
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Partout où ils dessinent une frontière, vous pouvez construire un pont.Le poète afghan Najeeb Barwar, en jouant sur la métaphore, souligne ici une vérité que les discours qui parlent de murs et de systèmes de surveillance comme de frontières infranchissables ont tendance à dissimuler. En effet, ces murs ne sont pas immuables. Alors qu’ils semblent concrets et imposants, ils peuvent être contournés et transgressés. C’est cette leçon que les passeurs peuvent nous transmettre. La connaissance qu’ils ont des frontières est essentielle pour que les migrant·e·s puissent les contourner.Tout voyage nécessite une logistique complexe, une planification et des soutiens financiers. S’il se passe comme prévu, cette complexité demeurera invisible aux yeux de celles et ceux qui voyagent légalement. Beaucoup d’entre nous jouissent d’un statut juridique et économique qui nous évite d’être soumis·e·s à de telles exigences en matière de circulation. Nous pouvons payer pour différents services, par exemple une agence de voyage, des compagnies d’assurance, etc. qui s’occupent de la logistique et facilitent nos déplacements.C’est ce service essentiel que fournissent les passeurs en organisant la logistique de circulations bien plus complexes. Le recours constant aux passeurs, en dépit de leur condamnation par les États, est ainsi une indication à la fois du renforcement constant des contrôles frontaliers mais aussi de la capacité de ces agents à aider celles et ceux qui ont un accès limité à la mobilité…
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