| 1. |
- Bjorndal, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment of deep caries lesions in adults: randomized clinical trials comparing stepwise vs. direct complete excavation, and direct pulp capping vs. partial pulpotomy
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 118:3, s. 290-297
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Less invasive excavation methods have been suggested for deep caries lesions. We tested the effects of stepwise vs. direct complete excavation, 1 yr after the procedure had been carried out, in 314 adults (from six centres) who had received treatment of a tooth with deep caries. The teeth had caries lesions involving 75% or more of the dentin and were centrally randomized to stepwise or direct complete excavation. Stepwise excavation resulted in fewer pulp exposures compared with direct complete excavation [difference: 11.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.2; 21.3)]. At 1 yr of follow-up, there was a statistically significantly higher success rate with stepwise excavation, with success being defined as an unexposed pulp with sustained pulp vitality without apical radiolucency [difference: 11.7%, 95% CI (0.5; 22.5)]. In a subsequent nested trial, 58 patients with exposed pulps were randomized to direct capping or partial pulpotomy. We found no significant difference in pulp vitality without apical radiolucency between the two capping procedures after more than 1 yr [31.8% and 34.5%; difference: 2.7%, 95% CI (−22.7; 26.6)]. In conclusion, stepwise excavation decreases the risk of pulp exposure compared with direct complete excavation. In view of the poor prognosis of vital pulp treatment, a stepwise excavation approach for managing deep caries lesions is recommended.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bjørndal, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Randomised clinical trial on deep caries excavation 3-5 yr follow-up
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of dental research. - : Sage Publications. ; 91:Spec Iss b
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Long term follow-up data based on randomised clinical trials are needed in relation to deep caries treatment. The aim of the present trial is to investigate the beneficial and harmful long term effects of stepwise excavation during two visits versus one completed excavation of deep caries in permanent teeth in adults. Methods: Consecutive patients contacting clinical units in Sweden and Denmark were included. The trial is a centrally randomised patient- and observer-blinded multicenter trial, with two parallel intervention groups. A sample size calculation showed that 134 patients were needed in each group. Taking dropouts into account, a total of 314 patients fulfilled well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and were centrally block-randomised stratified by age and pain. Inclusion criteria: (i) Person ≥ 18 yrs having deep caries with or without pain (ii) x-ray showing primary caries into the inner 1/4 of the dentin, with the presence of a radiopaque zone at the pulpal wall. Success was defined as unexposed pulp with sustained pulp vitality without apical radiolucency after follow-up. Blinded evaluation of 1½ follow-up has previously been carried out in 106 patients (stepwise excavation group) and 93 patients (direct complete excavation) (Bjørndal et al. 2010, EJOS). Results: At 3-5 yr follow up there was a statistically significantly higher success with stepwise excavation [difference: 11.5%, 95% confidence interval (0.5; 22.2)] versus a direct complete excavation procedure, being similarly with the short term follow-up data. 53.3% (n = 102) of the material has been controlled and no significant differences were noted between the two intervention groups in terms of patients not yet controlled, lost patients and failures (Table). Conclusion: A stepwise excavation procedure still seems preferable after a long term follow up and presumably related to the reduced risk of exposing the inflamed pulp associated with deep caries.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bjørndal, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Randomized Clinical Trials on Deep Carious Lesions : 5-Year Follow-up
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 96:7, s. 747-753
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep caries presents a dilemma in terms of which treatment that will render an optimal prognosis by maintaining pulp vitality with absence of apical pathology. Previously, 2 randomized clinical trials were performed testing the short-term effects of stepwise carious tissue removal versus nonselective carious removal to hard dentin with or without pulp exposure. The aim of this article was to report the 5-y outcome on these previously treated patients having radiographically well-defined carious lesions extending into the pulpal quarter of the dentin but with a well-defined radiodense zone between the carious lesion and the pulp. In this long-term study, 239 of 314 (76.2%) patients were analyzed. The stepwise removal group had a significantly higher proportion of success (60.2%) at 5-y follow-up compared with the nonselective carious removal to hard dentin group (46.3%) ( P = 0.031) when pulp exposures per se were included as failures. Pulp exposure rate was significantly lower in the stepwise carious removal group (21.2% vs. 35.5%; P = 0.014). Irrespective of pulp exposure status, the difference (13.3%) was still significant when sustained pulp vitality without apical radiolucency and unbearable pain was considered (95% confidence interval, 3.1-26.3, P = 0.045). After pulp exposure, only 9% ( n = 4) of the analyzed patients were assessed as successful, indicating that the prognosis is highly dubious following conventional pulp-capping procedures (direct pulp capping or partial pulpotomy) in deep carious lesions in adults. In conclusion, the stepwise carious removal group had a significantly higher proportion of pulps with sustained vitality without apical radiolucency versus nonselective carious removal of deep carious lesions in adult teeth at 5-y follow-up (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00187837 and NCT00187850).
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Edvinsson, Åsa, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of antenatal depression and antidepressant treatment on placental tissue : a protein-validated gene expression study.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Antenatal depression affects 10-20% of pregnant women. Around 2-4% of European pregnant women use antidepressant treatment, most commonly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Poor pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, have been described in women with antenatal depression and in pregnant women on SSRI treatment. However, the effects of antenatal depression and antidepressant treatment on the placenta are largely unknown. The aim of this work was to compare placental gene and protein expression in healthy women, women with untreated antenatal depression and women on antidepressant treatment during pregnancy.METHODS: Placental samples from 47 controls, 25 depressed and 45 SSRI-treated women were analysed by means of qPCR using custom-designed TaqMan low-density arrays (TLDAs) for 44 genes previously known to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression, and expressed in the placenta. Moreover, placental protein expression was determined by means of immunohistochemistry in 37 healthy controls, 13 women with untreated depression and 21 women on antidepressant treatment. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed by one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test.RESULTS: Nominally significant findings were noted for HTR1A and NPY2R, where women with untreated depression displayed higher gene expression than healthy controls (p < 0.05), whereas women on antidepressant treatment had similar expression as healthy controls. The protein expression analyses revealed higher expression of HTR1A in placentas from women on antidepressant treatment, than in placentas from healthy controls (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The differentially expressed HTR1A, both at the gene and the protein level that was revealed in this study, suggests the involvement of HTR1A in the effect of antenatal depression on biological mechanisms in the placenta. More research is needed to elucidate the role of depression and antidepressant treatment on the placenta, and, further, the effect on the fetus.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Jeppsson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
A predicted transmembrane region in plant diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 regulates specificity toward very-long-chain acyl-CoAs
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 295, s. 15398-15406
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triacylglycerols are the main constituent of seed oil. The specific fatty acid composition of this oil is strongly impacted by the substrate specificities of acyltransferases involved in lipid synthesis, such as the integral membrane enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). Two forms of DGAT, DGAT1 and DGAT2, are thought to contribute to the formation of seed oil, and previous characterizations of various DGAT2 enzymes indicate that these often are associated with the incorporation of unusual fatty acids. However, the basis of DGAT2's acyl-donor specificity is not known because of the inherent challenges of predicting structural features of integral membrane enzymes. The recent characterization of DGAT2 enzymes from Brassica napus reveals that DGAT2 enzymes with similar amino acid sequences exhibit starkly contrasting acyl-donor specificities. Here we have designed and biochemically tested a range of chimeric enzymes, substituting parts of these B. napus DGAT2 enzymes with each other, allowing us to pinpoint a region that dramatically affects the specificity toward 22:1-CoA. It may thus be possible to redesign the acyl-donor specificity of DGAT2 enzymes, potentially altering the fatty acid composition of seed oil. Further, the characterization of a DGAT2 chimera between Arabidopsis and B. napus demonstrates that the specificity regulated by this region is transferrable across species. The identified region contains two predicted transmembrane helices that appear to reoccur in a wide range of plant DGAT2 orthologues, suggesting that it is a general feature of plant DGAT2 enzymes.
|
|
| 8. |
- Larsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Åtgärdsprogram för skärrande gräshoppa, 2015–2019 : (Stauroderus scalaris)
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skärrande gräshoppa (Stauroderus scalaris) är i Nordeuropa bara påträffad på Öland. Artens huvudutbredningsområde är stäppen i centrala, östra och södra Ryssland, men den är påträffad i de flesta europeiska länderna på kontinenten. Arten bedöms utgöra en så kallad värmerelikt som i Sverige är starkt knuten till öppna marker på sandigt underlag. Igenväxning, ett tätnande vegetationstäcke och ansamling av förna som innebär att mikroklimatet förändras och att förekomsten av sand i dagen minskar är idag ett hot mot flera lokaler. Bland de åtgärder som föreslås i programmet finns inventering, informationsinsatser samt skötsel och restaurering av artens livsmiljöer. Åtgärdsprogram för bevarande av hotade arter.
|
|
| 9. |
- Prentice, Honor C, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in allozyme frequencies in Festuca ovina populations after a 9-year nutrient/water experiment
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 88:2, s. 331-347
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1 The grass Festuca ovina is an important constituent of the species-rich 'alvar' grasslands on the Baltic island of Oland. Levels of allozyme polymorphism are high and variation is known to be correlated with habitat variation (soil moisture, pH and depth). 2 A 9-year field experiment on species diversity provided replicate plots (in three sites) that had been subjected to six different experimental treatments (control; N + P + K; P + K; N + K; K; water). 3 Samples of F. ovina were collected and analyses of deviance were used to investigate associations between allele frequencies, at each of four polymorphic loci, and the nutrient/water treatments. We also used the models to estimate predicted values for the alleles in different nutrient/water treatments and in interactions involving the nutrient/water treatments and additional explanatory variables (vegetation height and clipping). 4 There were significant allozyme frequency differences between samples of F. ovina from the six different nutrient/water treatments in the grassland experiment. Frequencies in the fertilized or watered plots had diverged from those in the control plots. There were also significant allele-habitat associations (after the removal of site effects), especially at the Pgi-2 locus. 5 Soil moisture was the only variable that was common to this study and an earlier study of variation in F. ovina in natural habitats. In natural populations, the Pgi-2-2 allele was significantly associated with soil moisture and was more common in dry habitats. Our findings that the frequency of the Pgi-2-2 allele was significantly affected by the nutrient/water treatments, and that it was rarest in the treatment that involved the addition of extra water, were therefore as predicted. 6 The study supports the conclusion, from an earlier study of populations in unmanipulated grassland habitats, that selection is contributing to the fine-scale patterning of genetic variation in the alvar populations of F. ovina.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
