| 1. |
- Fomalont, E. B., et al.
(författare)
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THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
- 2015
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 808:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to similar to 15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from 2014 September to late November, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C 138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at similar to 350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
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| 2. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
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Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Swinbank, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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An ALMA survey of sub-millimetre Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: the far-infrared properties of SMGs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 438:2, s. 1267-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We exploit Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) 870 mu m observations of sub-millimetre sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South to investigate the far-infrared properties of high-redshift sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs). Using the precisely located 870 mu m ALMA positions of 99 SMGs, together with 24 mu m and radio imaging, we deblend the Herschel/SPIRE imaging to extract their far-infrared fluxes and colours. The median redshifts for ALMA LESS (ALESS) SMGs which are detected in at least two SPIRE bands increases with wavelength of the peak in their spectral energy distributions (SEDs), with z = 2.3 +/- 0.2, 2.5 +/- 0.3 and 3.5 +/- 0.5 for the 250, 350 and 500 mu m peakers, respectively. 34 ALESS SMGs do not have a >3 sigma counterpart at 250, 350 or 500 mu m. These galaxies have a median photometric redshift derived from the rest-frame UV-mid-infrared SEDs of z = 3.3 +/- 0.5, which is higher than the full ALESS SMG sample; z = 2.5 +/- 0.2. We estimate the far-infrared luminosities and characteristic dust temperature of each SMG, deriving L-IR = (3.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(12) L-circle dot (SFR = 300 +/- 30 M-circle dot yr(-1)) and T-d = 32 +/- 1 K. The characteristic dust temperature of these high-redshift SMGs is Delta T-d = 3-5K lower than comparably luminous galaxies at z = 0, reflecting the more extended star formation in these systems. We show that the contribution of S-870 mu m >= 1 mJy SMGs to the cosmic star formation budget is 20 per cent of the total over the redshift range z similar to 1-4. Adopting an appropriate gas-to-dust ratio, we estimate a typical molecular mass of the ALESS SMGs of M-H2 = (4.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(10) M-circle dot. Finally, we show that SMGs with S-870 mu m > 1 mJy (L-IR greater than or similar to 10(12) L-circle dot) contain similar to 10 per cent of the z similar to 2 volume-averaged H-2 mass density.
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| 5. |
- Barretina, Jordi, et al.
(författare)
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Subtype-specific genomic alterations define new targets for soft-tissue sarcoma therapy.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:8, s. 715-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soft-tissue sarcomas, which result in approximately 10,700 diagnoses and 3,800 deaths per year in the United States, show remarkable histologic diversity, with more than 50 recognized subtypes. However, knowledge of their genomic alterations is limited. We describe an integrative analysis of DNA sequence, copy number and mRNA expression in 207 samples encompassing seven major subtypes. Frequently mutated genes included TP53 (17% of pleomorphic liposarcomas), NF1 (10.5% of myxofibrosarcomas and 8% of pleomorphic liposarcomas) and PIK3CA (18% of myxoid/round-cell liposarcomas, or MRCs). PIK3CA mutations in MRCs were associated with Akt activation and poor clinical outcomes. In myxofibrosarcomas and pleomorphic liposarcomas, we found both point mutations and genomic deletions affecting the tumor suppressor NF1. Finally, we found that short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-based knockdown of several genes amplified in dedifferentiated liposarcoma, including CDK4 and YEATS4, decreased cell proliferation. Our study yields a detailed map of molecular alterations across diverse sarcoma subtypes and suggests potential subtype-specific targets for therapy.
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| 6. |
- Arun, K. G., et al.
(författare)
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New horizons for fundamental physics with LISA
- 2022
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Ingår i: Living Reviews in Relativity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-8351 .- 2367-3613. ; 25:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has the potential to reveal wonders about the fundamental theory of nature at play in the extreme gravity regime, where the gravitational interaction is both strong and dynamical. In this white paper, the Fundamental Physics Working Group of the LISA Consortium summarizes the current topics in fundamental physics where LISA observations of gravitational waves can be expected to provide key input. We provide the briefest of reviews to then delineate avenues for future research directions and to discuss connections between this working group, other working groups and the consortium work package teams. These connections must be developed for LISA to live up to its science potential in these areas.
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| 7. |
- Caro-Romero, J. R., et al.
(författare)
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A Neural Network for Stance Phase Detection in Smart Cane Users
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11506. - Cham : Springer Verlag. - 9783030205201 ; , s. 310-321
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persons with disabilities often rely on assistive devices to carry on their Activities of Daily Living. Deploying sensors on these devices may provide continuous valuable knowledge on their state and condition. Canes are among the most frequently used assistive devices, regularly employed for ambulation by persons with pain on lower limbs and also for balance. Load on canes is reportedly a meaningful condition indicator. Ideally, it corresponds to the time cane users support weight on their lower limb (stance phase). However, in reality, this relationship is not straightforward. We present a Multilayer Perceptron to reliably predict the Stance Phase in cane users using a simple support detection module on commercial canes. The system has been successfully tested on five cane users in care facilities in Spain. It has been optimized to run on a low cost microcontroller.
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| 8. |
- Mallet, E, et al.
(författare)
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A liquid hexavalent combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae type B and hepatitis B: review of immunogenicity and safety
- 2004
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2518 .- 0264-410X. ; 22:11-12, s. 1343-1357
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reduce the number of injections needed to comply with paediatric vaccination requirements, a liquid, hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-IPV-PRP-T-HBs; Hexavac((R)); Aventis Pasteur MSD) has been developed for primary and booster vaccination of infants and toddlers. In extensive clinical studies, Hexavac((R)) has been shown to be highly immunogenic. Seroconversion or seroprotective titres of antibodies against all antigens were achieved in the majority of infants following a primary series of three doses administered at 1-2-month intervals from 2 months of age. Hexavac((R)) also induced immunologic memory, as evidenced by the anamnestic response to booster vaccination at 12-18 months of age. These responses were comparable with those seen following concomitant administration of Pentavac(TM) (DTaP-IPV//PRP-T) and monovalent hepatitis B vaccine (H-B-Vax(TM) II), and were also within the ranges observed for other relevant licensed vaccines. Clinical studies comparing the immunogenicity of Hexavac((R)) administered at either 2, 3 and 4 months or 2, 4 and 6 months demonstrated that it can be used by either vaccination schedule. A further study also supported the use of primary doses of Hexavac((R)) at 3 and 5 months with a booster at 12 months of age. Hexavac((R)) demonstrated a good reactogenicity and tolerability profile. The most frequently reported adverse events after both primary and booster doses were local reactions of redness and swelling/induration and a systemic response of mild fever, irrespective of the vaccine used for priming. Hexavac((R)) provided immunity against six important childhood diseases with a single injection at each visit. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Michalak, Leszek, et al.
(författare)
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Microbiota-directed fibre activates both targeted and secondary metabolic shifts in the distal gut
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiome has high-impact implications not only in humans, but also in livestock that sustain our current societal needs. In this context, we have tailored an acetylated galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) fibre to match unique enzymatic capabilities of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium species, both renowned butyrate-producing gut commensals. Here, we test the accuracy of AcGGM within the complex endogenous gut microbiome of pigs, wherein we resolve 355 metagenome-assembled genomes together with quantitative metaproteomes. In AcGGM-fed pigs, both target populations differentially express AcGGM-specific polysaccharide utilization loci, including novel, mannan-specific esterases that are critical to its deconstruction. However, AcGGM-inclusion also manifests a “butterfly effect”, whereby numerous metabolic changes and interdependent cross-feeding pathways occur in neighboring non-mannanolytic populations that produce short-chain fatty acids. Our findings show how intricate structural features and acetylation patterns of dietary fibre can be customized to specific bacterial populations, with potential to create greater modulatory effects at large.
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| 10. |
- Vargas, C. A., et al.
(författare)
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Upper environmental pCO2 drives sensitivity to ocean acidification in marine invertebrates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 12:2, s. 200-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Minimizing the impact of ocean acidification requires an understanding of species responses and environmental variability of population habitats. Whereas the literature is growing rapidly, emerging results suggest unresolved species- or population-specific responses. Here we present a meta-analysis synthesizing experimental studies examining the effects of pCO2 on biological traits in marine invertebrates. At the sampling locations of experimental animals, we determined environmental pCO2 conditions by integrating data from global databases and pCO2 measurements from buoys. Experimental pCO2 scenarios were compared with upper pCO2 using an index considering the upper environmental pCO2. For most taxa, a statistically significant negative linear relationship was observed between this index and mean biological responses, indicating that the impact of a given experimental pCO2 scenario depends on the deviation from the upper pCO2 level experienced by local populations. Our results highlight the importance of local biological adaptation and the need to consider present pCO2 natural variability while interpreting experimental results. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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