| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
- Clark, Christopher E., et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Systolic Interarm Differences in Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes and Mortality : Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis, Development and Validation of a Prognostic Algorithm: The INTERPRESS-IPD Collaboration
- 2021
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 1524-4563. ; 77:2, s. 650-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systolic interarm differences in blood pressure have been associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. We undertook individual participant data meta-analyses to (1) quantify independent associations of systolic interarm difference with mortality and cardiovascular events; (2) develop and validate prognostic models incorporating interarm difference, and (3) determine whether interarm difference remains associated with risk after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk scores. We searched for studies recording bilateral blood pressure and outcomes, established agreements with collaborating authors, and created a single international dataset: the Inter-arm Blood Pressure Difference - Individual Participant Data (INTERPRESS-IPD) Collaboration. Data were merged from 24 studies (53 827 participants). Systolic interarm difference was associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: continuous hazard ratios 1.05 (95% CI, 1.02-1.08) and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.11), respectively, per 5 mm Hg systolic interarm difference. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality increased with interarm difference magnitude from a ≥5 mm Hg threshold (hazard ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01-1.14]). Systolic interarm differences per 5 mm Hg were associated with cardiovascular events in people without preexisting disease, after adjustment for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.08]), Framingham (hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.08]), or QRISK cardiovascular disease risk algorithm version 2 (QRISK2) (hazard ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06-1.18]) cardiovascular risk scores. Our findings confirm that systolic interarm difference is associated with increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events. Blood pressure should be measured in both arms during cardiovascular assessment. A systolic interarm difference of 10 mm Hg is proposed as the upper limit of normal. Registration: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42015031227.
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| 3. |
- Clark, Christopher E., et al.
(författare)
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Higher Arm Versus Lower Arm Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes : a Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data From the INTERPRESS-IPD Collaboration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 0194-911X. ; 79:10, s. 2328-2335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend measuring blood pressure (BP) in both arms, adopting the higher arm readings for diagnosis and management. Data to support this recommendation are lacking. We evaluated associations of higher and lower arm systolic BPs with diagnostic and treatment thresholds, and prognosis in hypertension, using data from the Inter-arm Blood Pressure Difference - Individual Participant Data Collaboration. METHODS: One-stage multivariable Cox regression models, stratified by study, were used to examine associations of higher or lower reading arm BPs with cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular events, in individual participant data meta-analyses pooled from 23 cohorts. Cardiovascular events were modelled for Framingham and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scores. Model fit was compared throughout using Akaike information criteria. Proportions reclassified across guideline recommended intervention thresholds were also compared. RESULTS: We analyzed 53 172 participants: mean age 60 years; 48% female. Higher arm BP, compared with lower arm, reclassified 12% of participants at either 130 or 140 mm Hg systolic BP thresholds (both P<0.001). Higher arm BP models fitted better for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events (all P<0.001). Higher arm BP models better predicted cardiovascular events with Framingham and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scores (both P<0.001) and reclassified 4.6% and 3.5% of participants respectively to higher risk categories compared with lower arm BPs). CONCLUSIONS: Using BP from higher instead of lower reading arms reclassified 12% of people over thresholds used to diagnose hypertension. All prediction models performed better when using the higher arm BP. Both arms should be measured for accurate diagnosis and management of hypertension.
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| 4. |
- Garcia-Rubio, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility Study of the Electrokinetic Remediation of a Mercury-Polluted Soil
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electrokinetics Across Disciplines and Continents. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319201788 ; , s. 295-310
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter is focused on the study of electroremediation of heavy metals from a real soil. Specifically, the case of the study was a soil from Almaden mining district, with a very high mercury concentration. The risk assessment of heavy metals depends on the mobility and bioavailability and not only on the total concentration. Therefore, this study evaluates the distribution of mercury into different fractions before and after the electrokinetic treatment. The electrokinetic experiments were performed in two operating scales that differ in more than two orders of magnitude. The results for both scales are consistent with the predictions of simple models, so it can be assumed that they are useful for the evaluation of a full-scale implementation. Two enhancing agents were studied in the application of electrokinetic process according to the mercury distribution in BCR fractions (Community Bureau of Reference). First, iodide was applied as complexing agent, and it was found that after treatment the most mobile fraction of mercury increased. Thus, to remove this mobile mercury fraction, electroremediation experiments were done with nitric acid as enhancing agent.
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| 5. |
- Villen-Guzman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the buffering capacity of the soil on the mobilization of heavy metals. Equilibrium and kinetics.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1298 .- 0045-6535. ; 131, s. 78-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the possible pH-buffering processes is of maximum importance for risk assessment and remediation feasibility studies of heavy-metal contaminated soils. This paper presents the results about the effect of the buffering capacity of a polluted soil, rich in carbonates, on the pH and on the leaching evolution of its main contaminant (lead) when a weak acid (acetic acid) or a strong one (nitric acid) are slowly added. In both cases, the behavior of lead dissolution could be predicted using available (scientifically verified freeware) models assuming equilibrium between the solid and the aqueous phase. However, the experimental results indicate that the dissolution of calcium and magnesium carbonates is kinetically controlled. These kinetic limitations affect the overall behavior, and should be considered to understand also the response of the metals under local equilibrium. The well-known BCR sequential extraction procedure was used before- and after-treatment, to fractionate the lead concentration in the soil according to its mobility. The BCR results were also in agreement with the predictions of the equilibrium model. This agreement allows new insights about the information that could be derived from the BCR fractionation analysis.
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| 6. |
- Villen-Guzman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Scaling-up the acid-enhanced electrokinetic remediation of a real contaminated soil
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686. ; 181, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there is a lot of experimental work published about the use of Electrokinetic Remediation for the removal of toxic metals from soils, very few have reported results for different scales. Scaling- up is a difficult task, since the behavior of each metal is different and is also site-specific. In this paper we present a convenient parameter for the comparison of the energy requirements at different scales. This parameter consists on the definition of a specific-energy for each metal, based on the amount mobilized and the maximum removal expected as determined from the BCR fractionation analysis. The tests, which were carried out with soil columns holding soil samples of 16 g and with soil samples of 2000 g, are giving similar values of this parameter. Our results indicate that this specific-energy depends on the target metal to be recovered, but for each metal is quite similar for the experimental conditions of the two scales essayed. These conditions included that the initial electrical resistivity times the column length were equal for the two scales. A simple mathematical model predicts these results, and that for equal resistivity the specific energy requirement will be proportional to the distance between electrodes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Villen-Guzman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as enhancing agent for the remediation of a lead polluted soil
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686. ; 181, s. 82-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Result: for Pb extraction experiments from a contaminated soil performed with citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na(2)EDTA) indicate that Na(2)EDTA is much more efficient. The Pb removal after 5 successive extractions using 24 mL of 0.1 M Na(2)EDTA solutions and 8 g of soil is close to 100%. Other non-toxic metals such as Ca and Mg, that are present in important concentrations in this soil, are also solubilized, but important differences in the behavior of each metal are observed. A local equilibrium model is used for the interpretation of the results of these batch experiments; the experimental and the model results are in a fairly good agreement. From these results it is concluded that Na(2)EDTA presents almost ideal characteristics for its use as enhancing agent for an electrokinetic remediation of the soil. Therefore, experiments were performed, in which the pH value is controlled at both electrode-compartments using Na(2)EDTA at the cathode and NaOH at the anode, aiming to the recovery of PbEDTA(2-) at the anode. Nevertheless, no significant amounts of lead are recovered. The possible negative effects of the electric current over the performance of Na(2)EDTA are studied using a two-compartment cell for electrodialytic remediation with an important electrical current and comparing the results with those obtained under identical conditions without current. It is concluded that the electric current produce no negative effects. Therefore, the cancelling effects of the electromigration and the electroosmotic movement are considered as the most probable explanation for the experimental results. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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