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| 2. |
- Lalander, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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¿La identidad de clase en la botella? : Reflexiones sobre costumbres del alcohol y la droga en Venezuela
- 2006
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Ingår i: Espacio Abierto: Cuaderno Venezolano de Sociología. - 1315-0006. ; Vol. 15:1-2, s. 20-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The consumption habits related to alcoholic beverages and drugs reflect social and cultural characteristics of a society. In these reflections the Venezuelan culture is analyzed through observations of individual and collective behaviour related to the consumption of alcohol (and to a lesser extent drugs). Without the ambition to carry through a detailed comparative study, the objective of the present project is rather to realize an analytical presentation of certain aspects of the Venezuelan situation, with certain illustrative comparisons with the Swedish culture. The document is a result of a research journey to Venezuela in 2000. With the focus on the Venezuelan culture we likewise aim at developing our analytical capacity and comprehension of the Swedish culture. In the light of a distinct culture the native society of the observer can emerge more clearly. The study is principally a reflection on traits of consumption and cultural habits in the context of alcohol and drugs in Venezuela.
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| 3. |
- Acevedo, Carlos
(författare)
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Developing Inclusive Innovation Processes and Co-Evolutionary University-Society Approaches in Bolivia
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is part of a worldwide debate on inclusive innovation systems in developingcountries and particularly on the co-evolutionary processes taking place, seen from theperspective of a public university. The increasing literature that discusses how innovationsystems and development can foster more inclusive and sustainable societies hasinspired this thesis work. Thus, the main problem handled in the research concerns thequestion how socially sensitive research practices and policies at a public university inBolivia can be stimulated within emerging innovation system dynamics. In that vein,empirical knowledge is developed at the Universidad Mayor de San SimoÅLn (UMSS),Cochabamba as a contribution to experience-based learning in the field. Analysis arenourished by a dialogue with the work of prominent Latin American scholars andpractitioners around the idea of a developmental university and the democratizationof knowledge. The reader will be able to recognize a recursive transit between theoryand practice, where a number of relevant concepts are contextualized and connectedin order to enable keys of critical interpretation and paths of practices amplificationfor social inclusion purposes established. The study shows how, based on a previousexperience, new competences and capacities for the Technology Transfer Unit (UTT)at UMSS were produced, in this case transforming itself into a University InnovationCentre. Main lessons gained in that experience came from two pilot cluster development(food and leather sectors) and a multidisciplinary researchers network (UMSSInnovation Team) where insights found can improve future collaborative relations betweenuniversity and society for inclusive innovation processes within the Boliviancontext.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Management Measures to Reduce Continuous Underwater Noise from Shipping
- 2023
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Underwater radiated noise (URN) from commercial ships is a significant source of elevated noise levels in the oceans and can have a negative impact on marine wildlife. Noise from commercial shipping places additional stress on the oceans, but is one of the least studied environmental pollutants, and there is an urgent need to reduce the aggregate stress levels. Until recently, reduction of underwater noise has not been prioritised by ship designers, shipowners, or crews. Even within the field of marine management, noise has received limited interest. However, the International Maritime organization (IMO) has adopted global guidelines on URN reduction, which are currently being updated. Within the EU, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD 2008/56/EC) Descriptor 11 criteria 11.2, now provides a framework for marine administrators to manage noise by establishing threshold values. Marine management focuses on the total noise load on the marine environment. Management entails several considerations before recommendations can be made. As a first step, interdisciplinary teams need to assess the aggregated noise levels and determine acceptable thresholds based on the local ecosystem, then assess which existing mandates and management tools can be used, and finally assess how effective these mandates have been in improving the environment. These activities must also be managed in a way that is acceptable to various relevant stakeholders, who would need to follow the decisions. The URN from a ship can be affected by the vessel’s design, either during its construction or during upgrades, and balances a trade-off against fuel efficiency. However, the URN can also depend on how the ship is operated. Regulating ship speed is one potential management tool, and its effectiveness needs to be assessed. Other management measures include how shipping lanes are drawn, areas to avoid, financial support, information, etc. This report focuses on possible policy measures that the Swedish authorities could adopt to lower URN by regulating the speed of ships. The report presents an interdisciplinary analysis, using a case study of an area in the southern Kattegat that covered several maritime zones, different national jurisdictions, intensive traffic, and high natural values. An important part of the work was to assess whether existing source models for ship noise could be used for the type of ships that are common in waters around Sweden. In this study, the JOMOPANS-ECHO (J-E) model was used.The J-E model was validated by comparing measurement data from a hydrophone station at Vinga on the Swedish coast that collected data from ships (254 passages) that used the port of Gothenburg. The analysis showed some deviation between the J-E model and measurement data, which could be due to differences in the length and speed of ships in waters around Sweden compared to the ships used in the development of the J-E model. However, this was likely to have negligible impact on the outcome of the case study.Analyses of ship traffic in 2021 showed that 4,511 unique vessels visited the study area at least once. Most ships followed the main routes, but no part of the study area was completely free from ship traffic. About 68% of the ships visited the study area for 1-4 days, while about 32% visited the area more regularly. The most common ship types were General Cargo Ships, Dry Bulk Ships, and Tankers. The ships that on average travelled at highest speeds were RoPax Ships, RoRo Ships, Vehicle Carriers, and Container Ships. The ships were registered in 64 countries. About two percent of the ships were registered in Sweden and about four percent in Denmark.Legal analysis showed that Sweden has the right and the responsibility to take measures to reduce underwater noise from ships to the extent that the noise can be deemed to pollute the marine environment. However, this mainly applies to Sweden’s territorial seas, which cover roughly half the area being studied for this report. In the portion that constitutes Danish territorial sea, Denmark has comparable opportunities for managing URN. In areas that are Swedish or Danish exclusive economic zones (EEZs), the ability to introduce mandatory speed limits is significantly limited. There, the most realistic option would be to request the IMO to establish speed limits, or alternatively to issue a recommendation to navigate at lower speeds, although such guidance could not be enforced on ships that do not voluntarily reduce their speed.It was estimated that lowering the ships' speeds to a hypothetical limit of 11 kn would reduce the average URN levels by 4.4 ± 2 dB, as registered by local receivers in the study area. This speed limit would affect approximately 44% of the ships in the area. A maximum speed of 13 kn would instead reduce the level by 1.9 ± 0.5 dB and would affect 11% of the ships on average. The reduction in noise levels may temporarily be much higher in the immediate vicinity of individual fast ships, and there might be a high degree of variation between different ships.The study and report make it clear that it is a complex task to assess the feasibility and benefit of introducing a specific marine management tool, in this case an enforceable local speed limit. But it is also clear that there are reliable methods to make the preliminary assessments, and that it requires interdisciplinary analyses and competence.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Fortes, Bartira, et al.
(författare)
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Contesting Extractivism through Amazonian Indigenous Artivism : Decolonial reflections on possibilities for crafting a pluriverse from within
- 2023
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Ingår i: Alternautas. - : Alternautas. - 2057-4924. ; 10:1, s. 155-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides an analysis of Amazonian Indigenous peoples’ “artivism” – understood as artistic expressions with activist orientation. It approaches artivism within the context of the emergence of Contemporary Indigenous Art in Brazil and its significance in the resistance against the centuries-long oppression of native peoples, illustrated by the advancement of extractivism in the Amazon. We focus on the artworks by four prominent Indigenous artivists: Jaider Esbell’s critical engagements with art history; Denilson Baniwa’s reanthropophagy movement; Daiara Tukano’s critique of articide; and Emerson Pontes’ transformation into Uýra, the Walking Tree. Altogether, the messages embedded in their artworks contest the dominant growth-oriented development narrative anchored on the pre-eminence of the human-nature ontological dualism, where Nature is reduced to economic resource, along with a view of development that positions western ways of knowing, being and living at the forefront of a civilizational continuum. We conclude by elucidating the central decolonizing role of Indigenous artivism and its potential to strengthen Indigenous’ voices and agendas which include exercising self-determination, resisting extractivism, and crafting more plural and just worlds.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kröger, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Ethno-territorial rights and the resource extraction boom in Latin America : do constitutions matter?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Third World Quarterly. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-6597 .- 1360-2241. ; 37:4, s. 682-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent times a growing number of Latin American rural groups have achieved extended ethno-territorial rights, and large territories have been protected by progressive constitutions. These were the outcomes of extended cycles of national and transnational contentious politics and of social movement struggle, including collective South–South cooperation. However, the continent has simultaneously experienced a resource extraction boom. Frequently the extractivism takes place in protected areas and/or Indigenous territories. Consequently economic interests collide with the protection and recognition of constitutional rights. Through a review of selected demonstrative cases across Latin America, this article analyses the (de jure) rights on paper versus the (de facto) rights in practice.
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| 9. |
- Lalander, Rickard
(författare)
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Algunas reflexiones sobre populismo, descentralización y Chavismo
- 2004
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Ingår i: Provincia: Revista venezolana de estudios territoriales. - Mérida, Venezuela : Centro Iberoamericano de Estudios Proviniciales y Locales/CIEPROL. - 1317-9535. ; :11, s. 36-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, populismo, descentralización, Chavismo, democracia, partidos políticos.
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| 10. |
- Lalander, Rickard
(författare)
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Between Interculturalism and Ethnocentrism : Local Government and Indigenous Movement in Otavalo-Ecuador
- 2009
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Ingår i: 45th Conference of the Society for Latin American Studies/SLAS, University of Leeds, 26-27 March, 2009..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The canton of Otavalo in the Ecuadorian Sierra has been a stronghold and intellectual cradle of the Ecuadorian indigenous movement. In the year 2000 Mario Conejo Maldonado, who represented the indigenous political movement Pachakutik, was elected as the first indigenous mayor of Otavalo. His administration has enjoyed recognition for its popular participation formula and intercultural project, integrating mestizos and indigenous citizens. In the context of local state reform challenges and the inclusion and recognition of indigenous citizens in the Ecuadorian state model this study approaches a local government led by an indigenous mayor with an intercultural banner. However, the project of ethnic integration in Otavalo has not evolved without complications and conflicts. Social and political divisions in the indigenous population have been reflected since before Conejo was ever elected. Ethnically based tensions in the local indigenous movement have been manifested throughout the period and in 2006 Conejo left Pachakutik and created a new political movement – Minga Intercultural-. The author argues that the rupture in the Otavalo indigenous movement (and local government) can be traced to the intercultural dilemma and difficulties associated with an ethnically defined political movement. Similarly, aspects of the so called “Correa effect” on the indigenous movement at the local level will be approached, since the Otavalo mayor has joined President Rafael Correa’s PAIS movement before the local elections of 2009.
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