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- Bokrantz, Jon, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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On the Interplay between Platform Concept Development and Production Maintenance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; Vol. 3: Product, Services and Systems Design
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet a broad customer-base, platforms can be used to achieve commonality and distinctiveness among a family of products. However, producibility of product variants are typically not ensured until late in the platform development phases. This may lead to increased production disturbances. To understand challenges in ensuring producibility of a product family in the early phases of platform development, this paper adopts the concept of lifecycle meetings to describe the interplay between platform concept development and production maintenance. Based on this description, we reason that to make early and credible cross product-production decisions, production system capabilities ought to be regarded as dynamic rather than static. While static implies as designed, dynamic implies change over time. In this paper, maintenance is regarded as one dynamic aspect of production. This reasoning is supported by a theoretical perspective and an illustrating case from the aerospace industry. The contribution of this paper may form the basis for future research on platform development and the effect of product variety on production systems.
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- Ekerstad, Niklas, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Is the acute care of frail elderly patients in a comprehensive geriatric assessment unit superior to conventional acute medical care?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Interventions in Aging. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1178-1998 .- 1176-9092. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the acute care of frail elderly patients in a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) unit is superior to the care in a conventional acute medical care unit. Design: This is a clinical, prospective, randomized, controlled, one-center intervention study. Setting: This study was conducted in a large county hospital in western Sweden. Participants: The study included 408 frail elderly patients, aged ≥75 years, in need of acute in-hospital treatment. The patients were allocated to the intervention group (n=206) or control group (n=202). Mean age of the patients was 85.7 years, and 56% were female. Intervention: This organizational form of care is characterized by a structured, systematic interdisciplinary CGA-based care at an acute elderly care unit. Measurements: The primary outcome was the change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 3 months after discharge from hospital, measured by the Health Utilities Index-3 (HUI-3). Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, rehospitalizations, and hospital care costs. Results: After adjustment by regression analysis, patients in the intervention group were less likely to present with decline in HRQoL after 3 months for the following dimensions: vision (odds ratio [OR] =0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.14–0.79), ambulation (OR =0.19, 95% CI =0.1–0.37), dexterity (OR =0.38, 95% CI =0.19–0.75), emotion (OR =0.43, 95% CI =0.22–0.84), cognition (OR = 0.076, 95% CI =0.033–0.18) and pain (OR =0.28, 95% CI =0.15–0.50). Treatment in a CGA unit was independently associated with lower 3-month mortality adjusted by Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR] =0.55, 95% CI =0.32–0.96), and the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of hospital care costs (P>0.05). Conclusion: Patients in an acute CGA unit were less likely to present with decline in HRQoL after 3 months, and the care in a CGA unit was also independently associated with lower mortality, at no higher cost.
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- Gustafsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Health-promoting interventions for persons aged 80 and older are successful in the short term-results from the randomized and three-armed elderly persons in the risk zone study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 60:3, s. 447-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo examine the outcomes of the Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone study, which was designed to evaluate whether it is possible to delay deterioration if a health-promoting intervention is made when an older adult (≥80) is at risk of becoming frail and whether a multiprofessional group intervention is more effective in delaying deterioration than a single preventive home visit with regard to frailty, self-rated health, and activities of daily living (ADLs) at 3-month follow-up.DesignRandomized, three-armed, single-blind, controlled trial performed between November 2007 and May 2011.SettingTwo urban districts of Gothenburg, Sweden.ParticipantsFour hundred fifty-nine community-living adults aged 80 and older not dependent on the municipal home help service.InterventionA preventive home visit or four weekly multiprofessional senior group meetings with one follow-up home visit.MeasurementsChange in frailty, self-rated health, and ADLs between baseline and 3-month follow-up.ResultsBoth interventions delayed deterioration of self-rated health (odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-3.54). Senior meetings were the most beneficial intervention for postponing dependence in ADLs (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.14-3.33). No effect on frailty could be demonstrated.ConclusionHealth-promoting interventions made when older adults are at risk of becoming frail can delay deterioration in self-rated health and ADLs in the short term. A multiprofessional group intervention such as the senior meetings described seems to have a greater effect on delaying deterioration in ADLs than a single preventive home visit. Further research is needed to examine the outcome in the long term and in different contexts.
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- Isaksson, Ola, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Trends, observations and drivers for change in systems engineering design
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : The Design Society. ; 3, s. 201-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufactures, developing products, need to adapt and improve their practices taking advantage of technology advancements and simultaneously develop products and solutions to fit a new world. This paper discusses how societal and technological trends drive the need for change and evolution in what is called Systems Engineering Design (SED), indicating a systems view on engineering design. Through an analysis and selected examples it is argued that SED capabilities need to better address the width and complexity of design problem, takes advantages of increased computational power and sensing technologies to master future challenges. An important factor for successful deployment and change in industrial context, is the need for interactive and visual AIDS and easily accessible support methods. This can pave the way also for advanced SED support.
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- Johannesson, Hans L, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Development of product platforms: Theory and methodology
- 2017
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Ingår i: Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications. - : Sage Publications. - 1063-293X .- 1531-2003. ; 25:3, s. 195-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a trend toward increased customization of goods to satisfy a wide range of customers using product platforms. However, there is an erroneous notion that product platforms can only be used to provide economic viability in production thanks to the reuse of physical components among a family of products. Yet, this is a limited perception of the potential of a product platform. In this article, an object-oriented approach to support the development of product platforms is proposed to increase efficiency through reuse and flexibility of designs among a family of products. Two modes of the platform development process are addressed: platform preparation and platform execution. Platform preparation prescribes the methods needed to model platform objects, using enhanced function-means models and set-based concurrent engineering processes. During the platform execution process, sets of design alternatives can be configured concurrently throughout the conceptual, system, and detailed phases of the platform development. Three cases illustrate how the same approach may be used in different design scenarios: design space exploration and extension, supply-chain collaboration, and configure-to-order. The approach supports system architects and design engineers in making design decisions that propel the platform development work by enabling analysis in stages where designs are immature and evaluating the goodness of the alternatives early. Ultimately, product platforms can be efficiently developed for modularity and scalability to find feasible product variants and meet the needs of a multitude of customers.
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- Landahl, Jonas, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Producibility of Product Platforms Using Set-Based Concurrent Engineering
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - 2352-751X .- 2352-7528. - 9781614997030 ; 4, s. 35-44
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a method to facilitate model-based producibility assessments of product variants in the early phases of platform development. The approach uses set-based concurrent engineering principles to explore and narrow down a design space towards feasible alternatives. A case including tool accessibility and assembly robustness of an aerospace sub-system platform is used to demonstrate the approach. The assessment activities can be prepared in parallel, and support the concurrency needed, across design and manufacturing, to serve improved process efficiency. Ultimately, the approach may reduce late design modifications thanks to increased reuse of manufacturing knowledge, as well as reduce cost thanks to less physical prototyping and testing.
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- Landahl, Jonas, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Mediating constraints across design and manufacturing using platform-based manufacturing operations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; 6:DS87-6, s. 179-188
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet the needs of an array of customers, platforms can provide means to achieve commonality and distinctiveness among a family of products. However, typically the producibility of product variants are not ensured until the late platform development phases. This may lead to increased development lead-time, due to lack of integration across design and manufacturing. To be better suited in making early producibility assessments, a model to improve the integration across product platforms and manufacturing platforms is presented. The model is embodying manufacturing operations and marries platform models of two technical systems – products and manufacturing equipment. To serve the concurrency needed to explore cross product-manufacturing alternatives during the early phases of platform development, manufacturing operations can be modeled to serve improved integration of product platforms and manufacturing platforms. By modeling functions, control parameters, and key characteristics, the constraints across design and manufacturing can be mediated.
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