| 1. |
- Raninen, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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To drink or not to drink : A study of the association between rates of non-drinkers and per drinker mean alcohol consumption in the Swedish general population
- 2022
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Review. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 41:6, s. 1475-1483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Understanding how the mean consumption per drinker and rates of non-drinking interplay to form overall per capita alcohol consumption is imperative for our understanding of population drinking. The aim of the present study is to examine the association between rates of non-drinkers and per drinker mean alcohol consumption in the Swedish adult population and for different percentiles of drinkers.METHODS: Data came from a monthly telephone survey of drinking habits in the Swedish adult population between 2002 and 2013. Alcohol consumption and non-drinking during the last 30 days were measured by beverage-specific quantity-frequency questions. Regression models estimated the association between the rate of non-drinkers and per drinker volume on annual data. Auto-regressive integrated moving average time-series models estimated the association on monthly data.RESULTS: A significant (P < 0.01) negative association (-0.849) was found between the rate of non-drinkers and per drinker mean volume on annual data. A unit increase in non-drinking was associated with a decline of 0.85 cl of pure alcohol among drinkers. This finding was mirrored across all percentiles of consumption. The semi-log models found that a 1% unit increase in the rate of non-drinkers was followed by a 2% reduction in per drinker mean consumption. Auto-regressive integrated moving average time-series models verified these results.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant association between the proportion of non-drinkers and the amount of drinking among drinkers. The theory of collectivity of drinking cultures should also include the non-drinking part of the population.
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| 2. |
- Almquist, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Serum calcium and tumour aggressiveness in breast cancer: a prospective study of 7847 women.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 1473-5709. ; 18, s. 354-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that calcium and/or its regulating hormones affect breast cancer risk. There has been no prospective cohort study investigating serum calcium levels and breast cancer aggressiveness, as determined by tumour histology and stage. Dichotomized prediagnostic serum calcium levels were investigated in relation to breast cancer aggressiveness as determined by grade (mitotic frequency, tubule formation, nuclear atypia) and stage (tumour size and axillary lymph node status). Cox's proportional hazards analysis and heterogeneity analysis were used to investigate the associations between low/high calcium and grade/stage in a prospective cohort study of 7847 women, out of whom 462 women were diagnosed with incident breast cancer during a mean follow-up of 17.2 years. All analyses were stratified for body mass index and menopausal status. Prediagnostic serum calcium levels in premenopausal women were positively associated with increased tumour aggressiveness as determined by a higher risk of nodal metastasis; relative risk (RR) for calcium above median as compared with calcium below median was 1.88 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.04-3.38. In overweight women, prediagnostic serum calcium levels were also associated with tumour aggressiveness, as determined by both a higher risk of nodal metastasis [RR (95% CI) 1.69 (0.95-3.02)] and severe nuclear atypia [RR (95% CI) 2.06 (1.10-3.86)]. Results also indicate that, in overweight women, calcium is positively associated with worse grade as determined by tubule formation and mitotic frequency. In conclusion, prediagnostic serum calcium levels are positively associated with increased tumour aggressiveness in premenopausal and/or overweight women.
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| 3. |
- Berg, Lisa, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Using repeated measures to study the contribution of alcohol consumption and smoking to the social gradient in all‐cause mortality : Results from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort
- 2023
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Review. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 42:7, s. 1850-1859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The social gradient in consumption behaviours has been suggestedto partly explain health inequalities. The majority of previous studies have onlyincluded baseline measurements and not considered potential changes in behav-iours over time. The study aimed to investigate the contribution of alcohol con-sumption and smoking to the social gradient in mortality and to assess whetherthe use of repeated measurements results in larger attenuations of the main asso-ciation compared to using single baseline assessments.Methods: Longitudinal survey data from the population-based Stockholm PublicHealth Cohort from 2006 to 2014 was linked to register data on mortality until2018 for 13,688 individuals and analysed through Cox regression.Results: Low socioeconomic position (SEP) was associated with increased mortal-ity compared with high SEP; hazard ratios 1.56 (95% CI 1.30–1.88) for occupa-tional status and 1.77 (95% CI 1.49–2.11) for education, after adjustment fordemographic characteristics. Using repeated measurements, alcohol consumptionand smoking explained 44% of the association between occupational status andall-cause mortality. Comparing repeated and baseline measures, the percentageattenuation due to alcohol consumption increased from 11% to 18%, whereas itremained similar for smoking (25–23%).Discussion and Conclusions: Smoking and alcohol consumption explained alarge part of the association between SEP and mortality. Comparing results fromtime-fixed and time-varying models, there was an increase in overall percentageattenuation that was mainly due to the increased proportion explained by alcoholconsumption. Repeated measurements provide a better estimation of the contri-bution of alcohol consumption, but not smoking, for the association between SEPand mortality.
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| 4. |
- Borgquist, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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Anthropometric factors in relation to different tumor biological subgroups of postmenopausal breast cancer.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 124, s. 402-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overweight and obesity is associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. However, less is known about the impact of anthropometric factors on tumor pathology and biology. A Swedish population-based prospective cohort study of 9,685 postmenopausal women not using hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) were followed for an average of 10.3 years during which 305 incident breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Invasive and sufficient tumor material was available in 248 cases. Pathological reevaluation of histological type and grade was conducted. Using a tissue microarray (TMA), the tumor expression of Ki67, HER2, ERalpha, ERbeta, PgR, cyclin D1 and p27 was evaluated. Six anthropometric factors: height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist- and hip circumference and body fat percentage were categorized by quartiles of baseline anthropometric measurements, and relative risks were calculated using multivariate Cox regression models. Invasive breast cancer incidence was increased for women in the higher quartiles of all anthropometric measurements. Height was positively associated with Grade I and ERalpha-positive tumors. Women in the highest quartiles of weight, BMI, waist- and hip circumference and body fat percentage were all associated with tumors of ductal type, Grade II, low Ki67 index, HER2 negativity and low expression of the oncogene cyclin D1. Obesity was further associated with tumors expressing ERalpha and PgR but interestingly not ERbeta. This study confirmed previously described associations between overweight/obesity and increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Furthermore, obesity was associated with tumors expressing several markers corresponding with low malignancy. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 5. |
- Borgquist, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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Breast tumours following combined hormone replacement therapy express favourable prognostic factors.
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 120:10, s. 2202-2207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- t The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between different types of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk of specific breast cancer subgroups. A population-based prospective cohort study including 12,583 peri- or postmenopausal women were followed using record-linkage with national cancer registries. During an average follow-up of 4.5 years, 332 cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed. Tumour samples were available from 283 cases. These tumours were re-evaluated according to histological type, grade, and mitotic index. Evaluation of tumours included estrogen and progesterone receptor status (ER alpha, ER beta and PgR), as well as expression of Ki67, HER2, cyclin D1 and p27. The incidence of breast cancer in current users of combined HRT (CHRT) was significantly higher than in non-users. The difference corresponded to an adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval) of 3.01 (2.35-3.84) as obtained using a Cox's proportional hazards analysis. CHRT was associated with lobular tumours (3.48:1.99-6.10), grade I tumours (4.46:2.79-7.13) and tumours with a low mitotic index (4.35:2.99-6.34). CHRT was not related to any specific subgroup in terms of ER alpha-, ER beta- or PgR-expression. CHRT was associated with low proliferating tumours, defined by the Ki67 index (3.58:2.60-4.93), HER2 amplified tumours (4.40:1.93-10.06), low expression of the oncogene cyclin D1 (3.14:2.32-4.23) and high expression of the tumour suppressor gene p27 (3.47:2.40-5.01). Use of estrogen-alone HRT (ERT) was not associated with any statistically significant risk of breast cancer. We conclude that the use of CHRT is associated with an increased incidence of breast tumours with comparatively favourable prognostic factors.
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| 6. |
- Borgquist, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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Diet and body constitution in relation to sub-groups of breast cancer defined by tumour grade, proliferation and key cell cycle regulators.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 9:1, s. 11-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The general lack of clear associations between diet and breast cancer in epidemiological studies may partly be explained by the fact that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that may have disparate genetic associations and different aetiological bases. Method A total of 346 incident breast cancers in a prospective cohort of 17,035 women enrolled in the Malmo Diet and Cancer study ( Sweden) were subcategorized according to conventional pathology parameters, proliferation and expression of key cell cycle regulators. Subcategories were compared with prediagnostic diet and body measurements using analysis of variance. Results A large hip circumference and high body mass index were associated with high grade tumours ( P = 0.03 and 0.009, respectively), whereas low energy and unadjusted fat intakes were associated with high proliferation ( P = 0.03 and 0.004, respectively). Low intakes of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were also associated with high proliferation ( P = 0.02, 0.004 and 0.003, respectively). Low energy and unadjusted fat intakes were associated with cyclin D-1 overexpression ( P = 0.02 and 0.007, respectively), whereas cyclin E overexpression was positively correlated with fat intake. Oestrogen receptor status and expression of the tumour suppressor gene p27 were not associated with either diet or body constitution. Conclusion Low energy and low total fat ( polyunsaturated fatty acids in particular) intakes, and high body mass index were associated with relatively more malignant breast tumours. Dietary behaviours and body constitution may be associated with specific types of breast cancer defined by conventional pathology parameters and cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression. Further studies including healthy control individuals are needed to confirm our results.
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| 7. |
- Borgquist, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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HMG-CoA reductase expression in breast cancer is associated with a less aggressive phenotype and influenced by anthropometric factors
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 123:5, s. 1146-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although several studies have reported on the anti-tumoural properties exerted by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR) inhibitors (statins), the in vivo expression of HMG-CoAR in human cancer has been considerably less investigated. In our study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of HMG-CoAR in 511 incident breast cancers within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in order to explore its relationship to established clinicopathological and tumour biological parameters. Furthermore, the potential influence of estrogen exposure on HMG-CoAR expression was assessed by performing Cox's proportional hazards analyses of the relationship between the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), obesity (waist circumference) and tumour-cell specific HMG-CoAR expression. We found that HMG-CoAR was present in various fractions and intensities in the cytoplasm, sometimes with a membranous pattern, but not in the tumour cell nuclei. The expression of HMG-CoAR was associated with a smaller tumour size (p = 0.02), low histological grade (p = 0.001), low Ki67 index (p = 0.004), ERalpha+ (p = 0.02), ERbeta+ (p = 0.005), and high p27 expression (p = <0.001). The incidence of tumours with a high HMG-CoAR-expression was increased among HRT-users, although this was not statistically significant in a heterogeneity analysis. Obesity was significantly associated with a high HMG-CoAR expression assessed both as a high (>50%) fraction of positive cells (relative risk: 2.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.20-3.51), and a strong staining intensity (2.33: 1.08-5.02). In summary, we demonstrate that HMG-CoAR is differentially expressed in breast cancer and that a high expression is associated with prognostically favourable tumour parameters. Moreover, estrogen related life-style and anthropometric factors might indeed regulate HMG-CoAR expression.
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| 8. |
- Butt, Salma, et al.
(författare)
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Breastfeeding in relation to risk of different breast cancer characteristics.
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Research Notes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-0500. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this present study was to examine duration of breastfeeding in relation to the risk of different subgroups of breast cancer. A prospective cohort, The Malmö Diet and Cancer study, including 14092 parous women, were followed during a mean of 10.2 years and a total of 424 incident breast cancers were diagnosed.
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| 9. |
- Butt, Salma, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic predisposition, parity, age at first childbirth and risk for breast cancer.
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Research Notes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-0500. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Recent studies have identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of breast cancer and parity and age at first childbirth are well established and important risk factors for breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the interaction between these environmental factors and genetic variants on breast cancer risk.METHODS: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) included 17 035 female participants, from which 728 incident breast cancer cases were matched to 1448 controls. The associations between 14 SNPs and breast cancer risk were investigated in different strata of parity and age at first childbirth. A logistic regression analysis for the per allele risk, adjusted for potential confounders yielded odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).RESULTS: Six of the previously identified SNPs showed a statistically significant association with breast cancer risk: rs2981582 (FGFR2), rs3803662 (TNRC9), rs12443621 (TNRC9), rs889312 (MAP3K1), rs3817198 (LSP1) and rs2107425 (H19). We could not find any statistically significant interaction between the effects of tested SNPs and parity/age at first childbirth on breast cancer risk after adjusting for multiple comparisons.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study are in agreement with previous studies of null interactions between tested SNPs and parity/age at first childbirth with regard to breast cancer risk.
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| 10. |
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