| 1. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19 : a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2334. ; 21:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, ). Methods: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I-2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care.
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| 2. |
- Landin, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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"Trippelhelix" och byggsektorn
- 2011
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Ingår i: Hur står det egentligen till med den svenska byggsektorn? Perspektiv från forskarvärlden. - 9789185257799 ; , s. 67-74
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Byggforskning ska komma till nytta på något sätt. Inte nödvändigtvis på mycket kort sikt men olika aktörer i samhället borde i alla fall kunna förvänta sig en nytta inom överskådlig framtid. Trippel helix, en lyckosam symbios mellan forskning, samhälle och näringsliv, finns det? Vi har lagt samman våra erfarenheter och resonerat kring denna fråga utifrån tre olika discipliner: strukturmekanik, arkitektur och byggproduktion.
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| 4. |
- Bahrami, Soheila, et al.
(författare)
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Communicating the Acoustic Performance of Innovative HVAC Solutions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Springer Proceedings in Energy : Cold Climate HVAC 2018 - Cold Climate HVAC 2018. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 1085-1085
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent years have seen considerable advancements in Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV) systems aimed to improved energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality in buildings. A significant aspect of DCV systems is their impact on the acoustic comfort in buildings. This study is part of the Urban Tranquility project with a focus on innovative DCV systems. The objective is to add more understanding about communicating the acoustic performance of innovative HVAC solutions during the diffusion phase of the innovation. The research method is a case study on an innovative DCV system that shows how the acoustic performance of the system is communicated with the stakeholders and in what ways the applied methods can be improved. Data collection has been performed through reviewing relevant technical documents and software as well as semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders. The data has been analyzed with reference to three types of knowledge about an innovation. The results indicate that the acoustic performance of this new DCV system has not been effectively communicated due to inconsistent methods of expressing the information. This has revealed the need for developing a systematic method of communicating the acoustic information on DCV systems with the key stakeholders.
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| 5. |
- Bahrami, Soheila, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling the diffusion of sustainable product innovations in BIM library platforms
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Innovation Management. - : University of Porto. - 2183-0606. ; 7:4, s. 106-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building Information Modelling (BIM) objects represent building products in design, simulation, and procurement processes. This paper explores how BIM objects could be created and exchanged to enable the diffusion of innovative products with enhanced sustainability performance. Two BIM library platforms were examined by taking a new approach that integrates the concepts of sustainable value, diffusion of innovations, information, software usability, and platform ecosystems. The findings show that the diffusion of sustainable products can be inhibited due to problems with the mechanisms for creating and exchanging BIM objects, quality of BIM objects, the usability of BIM library platforms,and participation on the platforms. This study deepens an understanding of the problems by focusing on ventilation products in Sweden. Identified shortcomings in the current practices of BIM platform owners and participants could be reduced by effective platform strategies, certification schemes for BIM objects,and BIM object creation processes integrated with product lifecycle management.
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| 6. |
- Bahrami, Soheila, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation diffusion through standardization : A study of building ventilation products
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Engineering and Technology Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-4748. ; 54, s. 56-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standards on product information can facilitate the diffusion of innovations. This paper explores the standards related to the ventilation products with improved acoustic performance and the stakeholders involved. We introduce a new approach to classification and identification of the functions of standards in supporting such innovations. Moreover, our analysis of stakeholders indicates that the companies providing building modeling software have a pivotal role to play regarding the exchange of product information and the diffusion of innovative products. This is due to a market-mediated interdependence among ventilation product manufacturers, software companies, and engineering services firms that can create network effects.
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| 8. |
- Borg, Lena
(författare)
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Procurement Contracts, Innovation and Productivity in the Construction Sector : Five Studies
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With its size, large number of actors, and its impact on everyday life, the construction sector plays an important role in every nation’s economy and in the improvement of the built environment. The recognition of this fact by the sector, in combination with the reputation for being conservative, problematic, having low productivity growth, and low pressure for change leads to a focus on different strategies that can be used to improve of the sector. Suggestions to improve the productivity in sector have been many during the years. One example is enhanced procurement contracts that encourage long-term orientations to improve the performance outcome and increase innovations.This thesis consists of five studies with specific objectives. The overall objective is, however, to increase the understanding of how to enhance the conditions to improve the construction sector. This is a response to the concerns that the actors on the market have difficulties carrying out necessary measures to make improvements in the construction sector. Procurement contracts were studied in two ways; bundled procurement contracts with service as a key to create incentives for innovations (Paper II) and the difficulty in evaluating the effects of different procurement contracts because of unclear concepts (Paper I). Innovations were also studied in two ways: the importance for creating incentives for “good” innovations and how to open up for more transparency with respect to innovation (Paper III), and the direct and indirect effects a specific innovation have in the design choices of construction in profit-maximising firms (Paper IV). Policies are based on data and misleading data can lead to mistaken recommendations. Indications of measurement errors in the calculations of productivity have been reported which leads to an interest to increase the reliability of productivity calculations (Paper V).The first paper has the focus to make the evaluation process easier, for the scholar, the actors on the market as well as for governmental institutions which formulate policies, by trying to make the relation between different contract types clearer with a new framework for structuring procurement contracts. The second papers are showing that bundling construction with service will not automatically increase profit for firms in the sector, rather that it might be an alternative way to transfer the risk in construction projects. Moral Hazard problems can also reduce the potential positive effects.Paper III wants to shift the focus from the quantity of innovations to how incentives can nourish “good” innovation and suggests a new classification system for technical innovations. The objective is to achieve increased transparency and reduced information asymmetry in the construction sector. Paper IV takes it starting point in an indicated shift in developers’ planning and construction practices for laundry facilities in owner-occupied multi-family buildings. The mapping of the shift shows that a change in regulations can have an effect on how we build, and that developers are using spaces in innovative ways, which in turn can have unforeseen external effects. The finding indicates that even though the number of appliances has increased since the 1990s, the energy consumption has not necessarily increased during the usage phase, depending on the energy performance of the appliances and on user behaviour.Paper V highlights the effects of including more rigorously and detailed gathered indicators of characteristics in the calculations of productivity development figures in the sector. By including more cost-driving characteristics, it should be easier to distinguish pure price changes from price changes related to increase in quality. It is, important to bear in mind that there are several projects yearly that are delivered on time, within budget, with good quality and where innovations have been used. Seen against the background of this thesis, it can indeed be stated that improvements are needed if we intend to create an innovative friendly work environment that will contribute to productivity growth. However, the contribution here is also a warning that the evaluation tools that are used to describe the sector might not measure what we intend to measure.
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