| 1. |
- Amin, Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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2D Extended envelope memory polynomial model for concurrent dual-band RF transmitters
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal of microwave and wireless technologies. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1759-0795 .- 1759-0787. ; 9:8, s. 1619-1627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents a 2D extended envelope memory polynomial (2D-EEMP) model for concurrent dual-band radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs). The model is derived based on the physical knowledge of a dual-band RF PA. The derived model contains cross-modulation terms not included in previously published models; these terms are found to be of importance for both behavioral modeling and digital pre-distortion (DPD). The performance of the derived model is evaluated both as the behavioral model and DPD, and the performance is compared with state-of-the-art2D-DPD and dual-band generalized memory polynomial (DB-GMP) models. Experimental result shows that the proposed model resulted in normalized mean square error (NMSE) of -51.7/-51.6dB and adjacent channel error power ratio (ACEPR) of -63.1/-63.4 dB, for channel 1/2, whereas the 2D-DPD resulted in the largest model error and DB-GMP resulted in model parameters that are 3 times more than those resulted with the proposed model with the same performance. As pre-distorter, the proposed model resulted in adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of -55.8/ -54.6 dB for channel 1/2 and is 7-10 dB lower than those resulted with the 2D-DPD model and2-4 dB lower compared to the DB-GMP model.
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| 2. |
- Landin, Per N., et al.
(författare)
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A Study of memory effects of RF power LDMOS before and after digital predistortion
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 IEEE 10TH ANNUAL WIRELESS AND MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE. - New York : IEEE. - 9781424445646 ; , s. 103-107
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sideband asymmetries in distortion products are created due to electrical and thermal memory effects and this can be difficult to correct for in a digital predistortion algorithm. In this study, sideband asymmetries in third-order intermodulation distortion products before and after digital predistortion were investigated using 2-tone and 2-carrier WCDMA signals. The parallel Hammerstein (PH) model was used in the digital predistortion algorithm. The sign of the asymmetries before correction were found to depend on power level. Memoryless correction lead to an increase in asymmetries for some power ranges whereas using a PH model of order 13 with only one order of memory length lead to good correction over a large power range.
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| 3. |
- Landin, Per N., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Evaluation Criteria for Power Amplifier Behavioral Modeling
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST. - New York : IEEE. - 9781424417803 ; , s. 1441-1444
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper different evaluation criteria for power amplifier behavioral modeling are studied and evaluated using measuremed data. The figure-of-merits are calculated from complex-envelope data of a sampled power amplifier intended for 3G. Both time- and frequency domain methods are included in the study. It is found that a model evaluation criterion should have ability to capture both the linear and nonlinear distortion as well as the memory effects in the power amplifier. The normalized mean square error (NMSE) and the weighted error-to-signal power ratio (WESPR) are found to be the strongest candidates for capturing the in-band and the out-of-band errors, respectively. Both are also independent of power amplifier technology and stimuli input.
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| 4. |
- Landin, Per N.
(författare)
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On Radio Frequency Behavioral Modeling : Measurement Techniques, Devices and Validation Aspects
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Effektförstärkare för radiofrekvensapplikationer utgör fortfarande ett av de största problemen i trådlösa kommunikationssystem. Detta beror på att dessa förstärkare är ickelinjära, har låg energieffektivitet och ger mycket distortioner. Bättre verktyg för att förstå och korrigera dessa beteenden är nödvändiga. Ett sådant verktyg är beteendemodellering. En beteendemodell kan ses som en svart låda med insignal(er) och utsignal(er). In detta fall är dessa signaler samplade basbandssignaler och den svarta lådan är en matematisk relation mellan en insignal och en utsignal. Avhandlingen behandlar några krav för beteendemodellering av nämnda system genom att presentera metoder för utvärdering och förbättring av modellernas prestanda. Detta åstadkoms genom att betrakta ett frekvensviktat felkriterium. Ett högpresterande mätsystem är också nödvändigt för experimenten. Prestandan hos det tillgängliga systemet jämförs med prestandan hos ett allmänt erkänt mätsystem, en s.k. storsignalsnätverksanalysator, genom att betrakta prestandan hos beteendemodellerna som extraheras och valideras med data från respektive mätsystem. Resultatet visar att det existerande mätsystemet har god prestanda. Ett stort problem vid beteendemodellering är att kunna sampla med tillräckligt hög hastighet. Genom att använda Zhu-Franks generaliserade samplingsteorem vid beteendemodellering kan en del av detta problem undvikas. Teoremet medför att man kan sampla med en väsentligt lägre samlingsfrekvens än vad Nyquistteoremet säger. Modeller extraheras och prestandan utvärderas genom att använda kriteriet normalized mean square error (NMSE). För stabil prediktion och korrektion av utsignalen måste robustheten hos de använda modellerna verifieras. En sådan studie som berör robustheten mot variationer i lastimpedansen har genomförts. Prestandan på direkta modeller försämras med 7 dB mätt som adjacent channel error power ratio (ACEPR). Prestanda på inversmodellen, implementerad som digital predistortion, försämras med upp till 13 dB mätt som adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR).
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| 5. |
- Landin, Per N., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Parameter Extraction and Performance Evaluation Method for Increased Performance in RF Power Amplifier Behavioral Modeling
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1096-4290 .- 1099-047X. ; 20:2, s. 200-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A frequency-weighted parameter extraction method based on the performance evaluation criterion weighted error spectral power ratio (WESPR) is proposed. Performance of models extracted using the normalized mean square error (NMSE) are compared to the performances of models extracted using the WESPR. The results show an increase in performance with a decrease in model complexity.
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| 6. |
- Landin, Per N., et al.
(författare)
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Peak-power controlled digital predistorters for RF power amplifiers
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques. - 0018-9480 .- 1557-9670. ; 60:11, s. 3582-3590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the issue of predistorter blow-up, i.e., uncontrolled peak expansion caused by the predistorter. To control the peak expansion, an extension of the multistep indirect learning architecture (MS-ILA) is proposed by adding a constraint that describes the allowed peak power of the predistortion signal. The resulting optimization problem is shown to be convex and an optimization method is formulated to solve it.
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| 7. |
- Landin, Per N., et al.
(författare)
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Power Amplifier Behavioral Modeling Performance Comparison of the LSNA and the Modulation-Domain System
- 2008
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Ingår i: 72ND ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT SYMPOSIUM - TIME DOMAIN AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN MEASUREMENT. - New York : IEEE. - 9781424422999 ; , s. 73-78, s. 73-78
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of power amplifier behavioral models depends strongly on the performance of the system used to measure the amplifiers. In this study two different systems with nonlinear measurement capability are used to model a commercially available PA. One system is a large-signal network analyzer (LSNA) and the second system is a modulation-domain system (MDS) consisting of a vector signal generator and a vector signal analyzer. The PA was tested with multitone and WCDMA signals and behavioral models were extracted from the measured data. The evaluation criteria normalized mean square error and weighted error spectral power ratio or adjacent channel error power ratio were then computed to compare the performance of the models from the two systems. Cross-validation between the systems, using data from one system to obtain the model and validating its performance with data from the other system, shows that the model performance is mainly affected by the used validation data. Validating the performance of models from the LSNA with data from the MDS indicates that the identified models have almost the same performance as the MDS-identified models, i.e. it does not matter which system is used to identify the models. Cross-validation using a WCDMA-signal and multitone signal from the different systems shows that the normalized mean square error is mainly affected by modeling imperfections introduced by using another signal type. WESPR and ACEPR show a certain difference in performance with somewhat lower values for the MDS. The behavior of the two systems can be explained by different noise levels.
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| 8. |
- Landin, Per N., et al.
(författare)
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Power Amplifier Behavioural Model Mismatch Sensitivity and the Impact on Digital Predistortion Performance
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3. - New York : IEEE. - 9781424447480 ; , s. 338-341
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an investigation of poweramplifier behavioural model performance sensitivity to in-bandreflections. The measurement system and model extractionprocess is presented together with the results and an analysis ofthe effect of parameter variations in a digitally predistortedsystem. A load-pull system is used together with a digitalbaseband model extraction system to identify the impact onmodelling performance. The results show that the modelperformance varies greatly with in-band reflection magnitudeand phase on the amplifier output. It is also shown that a digitalpredistortion based on a model extracted at matched conditions,where it gives an excellent improvement of 20 dB in adjacentchannel leakage ratio (ACLR), gives a poor improvement of 7 dBfor miss-matched conditions with as low reflections as Γ=0.2(return loss 14 dB). This indicates that in-band reflections needto be considered and adaptive predistortion used also for lowVSWR system like base-stations for telecommunication.
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| 9. |
- Landin, Per N., et al.
(författare)
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Two novel memory polynomial models for modeling of RF power amplifiers
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of microwave and wireless technologies. - 1759-0795 .- 1759-0787. ; 7:1, s. 19-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two novel memory polynomial models are derived based on physical knowledge of a general power amplifier (PA). The derivations are given in detail to facilitate derivations of other model structures. The model error in terms of normalized mean square error (NMSE) and adjacent channel error power ratio (ACEPR) of the novel model structures are compared to that of established models based on the number of parameters using data measured on two different amplifiers, one high-power base-station PA and one low-power general purpose amplifier. The novel models show both lower NMSE and ACEPR for any chosen number of parameters compared to the established models. The low model errors make the novel models suitable candidates for both modeling and digital predistortion.
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