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- Chawanpaiboon, S., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-109X. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years worldwide. Although preterm survival rates have increased in high-income countries, preterm newborns still die because of a lack of adequate newborn care in many low-income and middle-income countries. We estimated global, regional, and national rates of preterm birth in 2014, with trends over time for some selected countries. Methods We systematically searched for data on preterm birth for 194 WHO Member States from 1990 to 2014 in databases of national civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS). We also searched for population-representative surveys and research studies for countries with no or limited CRVS data. For 38 countries with high-quality data for preterm births in 2014, data are reported directly. For countries with at least three data points between 1990 and 2014, we used a linear mixed regression model to estimate preterm birth rates. We also calculated regional and global estimates of preterm birth for 2014. Findings We identified 1241 data points across 107 countries. The estimated global preterm birth rate for 2014 was 10.6% (uncertainty interval 9.0-12.0), equating to an estimated 14.84 million (12.65 million-16.73 million) live preterm births in 2014. 12.0 million (81.1%) of these preterm births occurred in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Regional preterm birth rates for 2014 ranged from 13.4% (6.3-30.9) in North Africa to 8.7% (6.3-13.3) in Europe. India, China, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Indonesia accounted for 57.9 million (41.4%) of 139.9 million livebirths and 6.6 million (44.6%) of preterm births globally in 2014. Of the 38 countries with high-quality data, preterm birth rates have increased since 2000 in 26 countries and decreased in 12 countries. Globally, we estimated that the preterm birth rate was 9.8% (8.3-10.9) in 2000, and 10.6% (9.0-12.0) in 2014. Interpretation Preterm birth remains a crucial issue in child mortality and improving quality of maternal and newborn care. To better understand the epidemiology of preterm birth, the quality and volume of data needs to be improved, including standardisation of definitions, measurement, and reporting. Copyright (c) 2018 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier.
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| 4. |
- Aissaoui, Nesrine, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Unravelling surface changes on Cu-Ni alloy upon immersion in aqueous media simulating catalytic activity of aerobic biofilms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332. ; 503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cu-Ni alloys are extensively used in contact with natural waters and are impacted by microbial activities of biofilms. The mechanisms by which surface changes occur upon immersion remain not well understood. Herein, an aerobic microbial activity of natural biofilms is mimicked by the enzymatic generation of an oxidizing agent and an organic acid. Surface changes are probed through a detailed analysis of XPS spectra which allowed a distinction between compounds of organic and inorganic nature to be made. Results show that the surface is composed of copper oxides/hydroxides, presumably Cu2O and Cu(OH)2 and Ni hydroxides. The enzyme-catalyzed reaction causes a significant depletion of Ni and inorganic oxygen, while the concentration of copper, CuI and CuII, varies only slightly. Surface changes concern the organic phase; the amount of organic compounds strikingly increases in the presence of enzymes, and the XPS spectra reveal the accumulation of compounds with high oxidized carbon content, attributed to adsorbed gluconate. Correlations between spectral data suggest the formation of Cu-gluconate complex, probably through coordinative bonds between gluconates and CuII on the oxide layer. These findings are particularly important to properly evaluate the impact of microbial activities on the sustainability of Cu-Ni alloys upon natural exposures.
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- Briand, Elisabeth, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical Modifications of Au/SiO2 Template Substrates for Patterned Biofunctional Surfaces
- 2011
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5827 .- 0743-7463. ; 27:2, s. 678-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to create patterned surfaces for localized and specific biochemical recognition. For this purpose, we have developed a protocol for orthogonal and material-selective surface modifications of microfabricated patterned surfaces composed of SiO2 areas (100 mu m diameter) surrounded by Au. The SiO2 spots were chemically modified by a sequence of reactions (silanization using an amine-terminated silane (APTES), followed by amine coupling of a biotin analogue and biospecific recognition) to achieve efficient immobilization of streptavidin in a functional form. The surrounding Au was rendered inert to protein adsorption by modification by HS(CH2)(10)CONH-(CH2)(2)(OCH2CH2)(7)OH (thiol-OEG). The surface modification protocol was developed by testing separately homogeneous SiO2 and Au surfaces, to obtain the two following results: (i) SiO2 surfaces which allowed the grafting of streptavidin, and subsequent immobilization of biotinylated antibodies, and (ii) Au surfaces showing almost no affinity for the same streptavidin and antibody solutions. The surface interactions were monitored by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), and chemical analyses were performed by polarization modulation-reflexion absorption infrared spectroscopy (PM-RAIRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to assess the validity of the initial orthogonal assembly of APTES and thiol-OEG. Eventually, microscopy imaging of the modified Au/SiO2 patterned substrates validated the specific binding of streptavidin on the SiO2/APTES areas, as well as the subsequent binding of biotinylated anti-rIgG and further detection of fluorescent rIgG on the functionalized SiO2 areas. These results demonstrate a successful protocol for the preparation of patterned biofunctional surfaces, based on microfabricated Au/SiO2 templates and supported by careful surface analysis. The strong immobilization of the biomolecules resulting from the described protocol is advantageous in particular for micropatterned substrates for cell-surface interactions.
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