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- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise-induced changes in body fat, upper leg skeletal muscle area, BMI and body weight in overweight people with risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis. - 1406-9822 .- 2228-3501. ; 17, s. 66-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study compared effects of maximal resistance training (MRT) versus endurance resistance training (ERT) in overweight people at risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes. Dependent variables included changes in body fat %, upper leg skeletal muscle area (left + right), BMI and body weight pre-to post intervention. Eighteen individuals, 33-69 years of age, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 engaged in MRT three days/week over a four month period while members of Group 2 acted as controls. Later, Group 2 engaged in ERT three days/week over a four month period and the members acted as their own controls. Both interventions consisted of eight exercises. Pre- to post changes were significant for MRT with a reduction in BMI (p=0.013) and body weight (p=0.010), while percentage of body fat was significantly reduced (p=0.009) and skeletal muscle area increased (p=0.021) with ERT. The results support both approaches as interventions in primary prevention of obesity and consequently in reducing risk of Type 2 Diabetes.
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| 2. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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The relative importance of aerobic capacity, physical activity and body mass index in impaired glucose toleranceand Type 2 diabetes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Vulnerable Groups & Inclusion. - : Co-action Publishing. - 2000-8023. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the relative importance of aerobic capacity, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) for discriminating between people with Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) or Type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. Method: Variables included scores on estimated VO2-max (ml/kg/min) by walking the UKK walking-test, responses to questions on self-reported physical activity and BMI. Design: Participants were recruited into groups of IGT, Type 2 diabetes and healthy controls (N64). Statistical analyses were performed by multifactor ANOVA, bivariate correlations and logistic regression. Result: Obesity, as indicated by BMI, was most evident in the IGT and Type 2 diabetes groups when jointly compared with the healthy controls (p=0.004, OR ≥16.00). However, when separately compared with the healthy controls, BMI scores strongly discriminated between the IGT versus healthy controls but failed to distinguish between Type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. Scores for aerobic capacity and level of physical activity failed to distinguish between healthy controls and IGT as well as Type 2 diabetes status. Conclusion: BMI was significantly associated with IGT whereas aerobic capacity and level of physical activity were not predictive of group status for IGT and Type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that primary health care should focus on all means for weight reduction, including physical activity and other life style changes, in order to prevent individuals from escalating into IGT in order to prevent risk of Type 2 diabetes.
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| 4. |
- Landstad, Bodil Johanne, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Change in pattern of absenteeism as a result of workplace intervention for personnel support
- 2001
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 44:1, s. 63-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate whether a preventive intervention carried out in a predominantly female workplace, that of hospital cleaners (consisting of a group of 97 women), had any effect on patterns of absenteeism. As a background, a model for analysing complex patterns of absenteeism, including sickness absences, was also developed. A further aim was to study the interactions between different forms of absenteeism. Comparison was made with a reference group consisting of employees in the same job category who only received the customary personnel support. For individuals in the intervention group who were <42 years of age, total absence due to sickness decreased. In a multiple regression analysis, the contribution from the intervention to the decrease was significant at the 5% level. This change was particularly obvious in those who had a previous history of high absence due to sickness. No clear relationship was shown between short-term absenteeism and the interventions applied. For those who were > 42 years, short-term absence decreased for those who had been in the same jobs for a long time. The combination of increased age and experience showed a tendency to enhance this decline in short-term absenteeism due to sickness. For those > 42 years, and who at the same time have a previous history of high absenteeism, long-term absenteeism due to sickness seemed to be increasing. Increased experience tended to reduce this increase in long-term sickness absence. This combination of different effects possibly indicated the presence of a process of selection which determined who remained in the job as opposed to those who did not. An important conclusion is that different forms of absenteeism need to be looked at in parallel, and at the same time multivariate statistical analysis needs to be carried out to determine the different interactions between the factors.
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| 5. |
- Landstad, Bodil Johanne, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Fåfänga, lust och längtan : Känslomässigadrivkrafter för återgång till arbete för långtidssjukskrivna kvinnor
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Helsesosiologi. - Oslo : Gyldendal Norsk Forlag A/S. - 9788205424142 ; , s. 371-388
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bokkapitlet bygger på ett intervjumaterial med kvinnor som efter längre tids sjukdom lyckats återgå till arbetslivet. I materialet framkom faktorer som kan karakteriseras som mer eller mindre självklara i förhållande till återgång till arbete: ekonomi, arbetsmoral, bemötande etc. Men, de intervjuade kvinnorna uttryckte också att känslor hade varit avgörande drivkrafter. Detta fångade vår uppmärksamhet. Fåfänga, lust och längtan – är det vanligt att sådana känsloaspekter lyfts fram och beskrivs som drivkrafter i en rehabiliteringsprocess? Nej, skulle det visa sig när vi gjorde litteratursök. Detta kan bero på att det ofta är den biomedicinska synen på hälsa som dominerar. Den biomedicinska inriktningen är reduktionistisk, dvs. att helheten reduceras till dess delar, t.ex. olika organsystem (Medin og Alexandersson, 2000). De känslomässiga aspekterna däremot anses inte viktiga i ett sådant perspektiv. I bokkapitlet argumenterar vi i stället för varför vi anser att en människa bör ses i den helhet och kontext som hon upplever sig vara i (Nettleton, 2006). Det känns därför viktigt att lyfta fram och diskutera känslomässiga drivkrafter eftersom just fåfänga, lust och längtan hade haft avgörande betydelse för kvinnorna i det empiriska materialet.
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