| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Children’s testimony and the emotional victim effect
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Legal and Criminological Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1355-3259 .- 2044-8333. ; 20:2, s. 365-383
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of (1) child victims’ emotional expression during testimony and (2) the camera perspective used to record the testimony, on judgements of credibility. Methods. Law students (N = 155 in Experiment 1; N = 86 in Experiment 2) watched a child harassment complainant provide a statement in an emotional or neutral manner, presented using different camera perspectives: balanced focus (i.e., a shot portraying an equal focus on the child complainant and the interviewer) versus picture-in-picture (PiP; i.e., a shot portraying only the child with an inset window depicting both the child and the interviewer in the corner of the screen) in Experiment 1 and PiP versus child focus (i.e., a shot depicting only the child) in Experiment 2. Results. Although no effect was found for camera perspective, the results provide support for an emotional victim effect (EVE); the child was perceived as more credible and truthful when communicating the statement in an emotional (vs. neutral) manner. Moreover, the results provide corroborating evidence for the assumption that the EVE rests on both cognitive (expectancy confirmation) and affective (compassion) mechanisms. Conclusions. These findings extend previous research by showing that the EVE and its underlying mechanisms apply to judgements of child complainants in the context of non sexual crimes and appear to be robust against variations of camera perspectives. Legal implications are discussed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Rättspraktikers inställning till modern ljud- och bildteknik i rättssalen : En rättspsykologisk studie
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; :3, s. 197-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Processlagstiftningsreformen En modernare rättegång (EMR) har inneburit en ökad användning av modern teknik i rättsliga förfaranden. Frågan hur rättspraktiker uppfattar att denna teknik påverkar deras bedömningar av exempelvis trovärdighet är inte minst därför högaktuell.Rättspsykologiska studier har visat att förhör och förhörspersoner förmedlade genom ljud- och bilduppspelning (videouppspelning) eller ljud- och bildöverföring (videokonferens) bedöms som mindre trovärdiga och tillförlitliga än de som hörs på plats i rättssalen. De flesta av dessa studier har baserats på lekmäns bedömningar av fiktiva vittnesmål. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka rättspraktikers inställning till den moderna ljud- och bildtekniken, liksom vilken betydelse de anser att presentationsformatet har vid bedömningar av målsägandes tillförlitlighet och trovärdighet i brottmål. Studien utgörs av enkätsvar från 400 svenska rättspraktiker (poliser, nämndemän, åklagare och lagfarna domare).Studiens resultat visar att respondenterna överlag var positiva till såväl videokonferens som videoinspelade tingsrättsförhör. Som fördelar framhölls att tekniken kan vara till stor hjälp för målsägande genom att reducera deras stress och öka utsagornas korrekthet. I linje med tidigare forskning menade man dock att de som hörs på plats i rättssalen framstår som mer tillförlitliga och trovärdiga än de som hörs genom videokonferens eller uppspelad video. Respondenterna beskrev förhör på plats i rättssalen som bland annat mer levande och känslomässigt engagerande. Resultaten diskuteras avseende likheter och skillnader mellan olika grupper av rättspraktiker och konsekvenser av teknikens tillämpning inom rättsväsendet.
|
|
| 4. |
- Lindgren, Sara, 1991, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing Reliability of Verbal Statements in Swedish Courts: Judges' perception of the Supreme Court Criteria
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The 12th Meeting of the NNPL in Sweden, September 23-24, 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this mixed-method type of study was to evaluate Swedish judges’ perception of the use of the Supreme Court Criteria used for assessing reliability of verbal statements in legal cases. Judges from all over Sweden, in different stages of their career, participated in this study which was divided in two parts. In the first qualitative part, three semi-structured interviews with three different judges were held. The results were analysed thematically and showed skepticism to the use of guidelines as well as a gratefulness to have something to rely on. Situational factors and individual factors were lifted as influential to the usability of criteria. The second part of this study consisted of a web based survey created to acquire quantitative data. Results from the analysis will be presented.
|
|
| 5. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Blame Attributions in Multiple Perpetrator Rape Cases: The Impact of Sympathy, Consent, Force, and Beliefs
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 35:23-24, s. 5336-5364
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Victims of multiple perpetrator rape (MPR) have been found to be an especially vulnerable group. This study examined effects of MPR and perpetrators’ use of force on attributions of victim and perpetrator blame. In two large experiments (total N = 2,928), Swedish community members read scenarios depicting an MPR and subsequently made several ratings of blame, rape myth acceptance (RMA), just world beliefs, sympathy for the victim, perception of consent, and trust in the legal system. Data were analyzed with a multianalytical approach using both analyses of variance as well as exploratory analyses. In Experiment 1, more blame was attributed to a victim of MPR than a victim of a lone perpetrator rape (LPR). In Experiment 2, no effect of used force was found on levels of attributed blame. In both experiments, hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that four components, identified through principal components analyses, explained substantial shares of the variance in both victim and perpetrator blame. The best individual predictors were participants’ perception of consent, sympathy for the victim, and RMA. The study shows the importance of studying participants’ beliefs and attitudes about rape and that victim-blaming research needs both theory development and greater methodological awareness. Implications for victim support services are also discussed.
|
|
| 6. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Hur ser yrkesverksamma på sitt arbete med våldtäktsutredningar och bemötande av utsatta?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Brottsoffermyndighetens viktimologiska forskarkonferens, Stockholm, 21 november, 2017.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tidigare psykologisk forskning har fokuserat på varför utsatta inte vill anmäla sexualbrott eller väljer att hoppa av under utredningen. I denna studie svarade 237 polisanställda, åklagare och sjukvårdspersonal på en webbenkät med syfte att fånga upp deras perspektiv på att arbeta med våldtäktsfall och bemöta personer som blivit utsatta för våldtäkt. Frågorna gällde hinder i deras yrkesutförande, om de kunde se rutiner i deras arbete som kan uppfattas som stötande ur de utsattas perspektiv, förtroende för rättsväsendet, falska anmälningar samt kunskap om reaktioner och beteenden hos våldtäktsutsatta. De fick även ta ställning till våldtäktsmyter. Resultatet visade att äldre respondenter hade högre förtroende för rättssystemet än yngre, och att åklagare kände högre förtroende än polisanställda. Polisanställda ansåg att falska anmälningar var vanligare, jämfört med åklagare och sjukvårdspersonal. Detsamma gällde yngre respondenter och respondenter med högre acceptans av våldtäktsmyter.
|
|
| 7. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Professionals’ perception of meeting rape victims and handling cases of rape
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 59th Research Seminar, Nordiska samrådet för kriminologi (NSfK). Örenäs: 9-11 maj.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As the final part of a three-year project regarding attitudes toward victims of rape, a survey study was conducted with the aim to gain knowledge concerning difficulties and possibilities in handlings of rape victims and rape cases. An online survey was sent out to professionals working within the police, the healthcare system and prosecutors across Sweden, who meet victims of rape through their daily work. We wanted to get the professionals’ perspective and wondered if they could contribute with knowledge concerning why rapes are not being reported and why so few of the reports proceed to court. Over 230 professionals took the survey. They answered questions concerning perceived obstacles for their work performance, their trust in the justice system, knowledge and further education in victim behaviour and reactions, suggestions for improved treatment of rape victims, how their work would be affected by a possibly broader legislation, and police officers’ view on giving information about counsel for an injured party at an early stage of the investigation. Participants also had to consider statements regarding myths about rape. Data was analysed both separate as well as across professions and the results from this study will be presented at the conference. The title of the full project is Victim blaming in rape cases: Empirical studies of understudied situations. It is partly financed by the Swedish Crime Victim Compensation and Support Authority and conducted by researchers at the psychology department at the University of Gothenburg. The aim of the project was to enhance knowledge about blame attributions in rape cases and to use variables, situations and group of participants not previously included in experimental studies.
|
|
| 8. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Professionals’ perceptions of handling cases of rape
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The 13th meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL). Katowice, Poland: 22-23 September.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A survey study was conducted with the aim to gain knowledge concerning difficulties and possibilities in handlings of rape victims and rape cases among Swedish professionals. An online survey was taken by 237 police employees, prosecutors and healthcare personnel, who meet victims of rape in their daily work. The survey included questions concerning obstacles for the respondents work performance, trust in the justice system, false reports and further education in victim behaviour and reactions. The respondents were also asked to provide suggestions for improved treatment of rape victims and cases of rape, and police officers’ view on giving information about counsel for an injured party at an early stage of the investigation. Respondents also had to consider statements regarding rape myths. Data was analysed both separate as well as across professions. Trust in the justice system was affected by respondent age and profession. Older respondents had higher trust in the justice system and prosecutors had significantly higher levels of trust in the justice system compared to police employees. Police employees believed there were significantly more false reports of rape compared to both prosecutors and health care personnel. This was also true for younger respondents (compared to older) and respondents with higher levels of rape myth acceptance (compared with lower levels). More results and discussion about implications will be presented at the conference.
|
|
| 9. |
- Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Victim blame in single versus multiple perpetrator rape cases
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The 26th meeting of the European Association of psychology and Law (EAPL), Toulouse, France, July 5-8, 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Substantial research has been conducted in the field of victim blaming, but still we do not fully understand the complexity of how and why people tend to blame rape victims. Two important aspects that have been more or less neglected in previous research within the field of victim blame are multiple perpetrator rape cases and the level of force used by the perpetrator(s). Since the prevalence of acquaintance rape is higher than of stranger rape, we conducted two experiments using a setting in which rapes may occur but not typically included in previous research. According to Swedish legislation, a rape situation with more than one perpetrator is considered an aggravated crime, irrespective of the level of force used. However, we wanted to examine if the level of force used and/or number of perpetrators had any impact on levels of blame attributed to the victim. To investigate this we conducted an online multi-experimental study with a Swedish community sample. Participants read a scenario describing a rape and thereafter provided ratings of victim blame, Belief in a Just World and Rape Myth Acceptance, as well as their trust in the Swedish justice system and self-experience of sexual victimization. All scenarios described the same four people and the relation between them, colleagues, was held constant. In the first experiment (N = 1704), number of perpetrators (one or three) was manipulated. We used number of perpetrators and participant gender as independent variables and victim blame as the dependent variable. In the second experiment we held number of perpetrators (three) constant but manipulated the level of force used. Level of force and participant gender were the independent variables and victim blame the dependent variable. At the conference in Toulouse we will present the results from our ongoing statistical analyses, in the hope of bringing new, important knowledge of victim blaming attitudes.
|
|
| 10. |
- Alfredsson, Helen, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Blame attribution in a stranger rape case: Perpetrator characteristics and participant gender
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Society of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, conference 27-29 June, 2011, NYC..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In rape blame research perpetrator characteristics is understudied. The relative independence of perpetrator blame and victim blame is also unclear. Using a community sample (N=161), we investigated participant gender, perpetrator age and previous conviction influencing blame attributions using a vignette methodology. Perpetrator age had no effect, but interactions were found between participant gender and perpetrator previous conviction: men attributed more victim blame and less perpetrator blame when the perpetrator had a previous conviction. For women the effect was reversed. Results indicate that increased perpetrator blame is associated to decreased victim blame. Moreover, perpetrator characteristics are relevant in blame attribution research.
|
|
