| 1. |
- Benedict, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Acute sleep deprivation reduces energy expenditure in healthy men
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 93:6, s. 1229-1236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundEpidemiologic evidence indicates that chronic sleep curtailment increases risk of developing obesity, but the mechanisms behind this relation are largely unknown.ObjectiveWe examined the influence of a single night of total sleep deprivation on morning energy expenditures and food intakes in healthy humans.DesignAccording to a balanced crossover design, we examined 14 normal-weight male subjects on 2 occasions during a regular 24-h sleep-wake cycle (including 8 h of nocturnal sleep) and a 24-h period of continuous wakefulness. On the morning after regular sleep and total sleep deprivation, resting and postprandial energy expenditures were assessed by indirect calorimetry, and the free-choice food intake from an opulent buffet was tested in the late afternoon at the end of the experiment. Circulating concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, norepinephrine, cortisol, thyreotropin, glucose, and insulin were repeatedly measured over the entire 24-h session.ResultsIn comparison with normal sleep, resting and postprandial energy expenditures assessed on the subsequent morning were significantly reduced after sleep deprivation by approximate to 5% and 20%, respectively (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001). Nocturnal wakefulness increased morning plasma ghrelin concentrations (P < 0.02) and nocturnal and daytime circulating concentrations of thyreotropin, cortisol, and norepinephrine (P < 0.05) as well as morning postprandial plasma glucose concentrations (P < 0.05). Changes in food intakes were variable, and no differences between wake and sleep conditions were detected.ConclusionOur findings show that one night of sleep deprivation acutely reduces energy expenditure in healthy men, which suggests that sleep contributes to the acute regulation of daytime energy expenditure in humans.
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| 2. |
- Benedict, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Diurnal Rhythm of Circulating Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt/Visfatin/PBEF) : Impact of Sleep Loss and Relation to Glucose Metabolism
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 97:2, s. E218-E222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Animal studies indicate that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase [Nampt/visfatin/pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF)] contributes to the circadian fine-tuning of metabolic turnover. However, it is unknown whether circulating Nampt concentrations, which are elevated in type 2 diabetes and obesity, display a diurnal rhythm in humans.Objective Our objective was to examine the 24-h profile of serum Nampt in humans under conditions of sleep and sleep deprivation and relate the Nampt pattern to morning postprandial glucose metabolism.InterventionFourteen healthy men participated in two 24-h sessions starting at 1800 h, including either regular 8-h-night sleep or continuous wakefulness. Serum Nampt and leptin were measured in 1.5- to 3-h intervals. In the morning, plasma glucose and serum insulin responses to standardized breakfast intake were determined.Main Outcome Measures Under regular sleep-wake conditions, Nampt levels displayed a pronounced diurnal rhythm, peaking during early afternoon (P < 0.001) that was inverse to leptin profiles peaking in the early night. When subjects stayed awake, the Nampt rhythm was preserved but phase advanced by about 2 h (P < 0.05). Two-hour postprandial plasma glucose concentrations were elevated after sleep loss (P < 0.05), whereas serum insulin was not affected. The relative glucose increase due to sleep loss displayed a positive association with the magnitude of the Nampt phase shift (r = 0.54; P < 0.05).ConclusionsSerum Nampt concentrations follow a diurnal rhythm, peaking in the afternoon. Sleep loss induces a Nampt rhythm phase shift that is positively related to the impairment of postprandial glucose metabolism due to sleep deprivation, suggesting a regulatory impact of Nampt rhythmicity on glucose homeostasis.
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| 3. |
- Kluin-Nelemans, Hanneke C., et al.
(författare)
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Cytogenetic and molecular aberrations and worse outcome for male patients in systemic mastocytosis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Theranostics. - : Ivyspring International Publisher. - 1838-7640. ; 11:1, s. 292-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In systemic mastocytosis (SM), the clinical features and survival vary greatly. Patient-related factors determining the outcome in SM are largely unknown. Methods: We examined the impact of sex on the clinical features, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in 3403 patients with mastocytosis collected in the registry of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis (ECNM). The impact of cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations on sex differences was analyzed in a subset of patients. Results: Of all patients enrolled, 55.3% were females. However, a male predominance was found in a subset of advanced SM (AdvSM) patients, namely SM with an associated hematologic neoplasm (SM-AHN, 70%; p < 0.001). Correspondingly, organomegaly (male: 23% vs. female: 13%, p = 0.007) was more, whereas skin involvement (male: 71% vs. female: 86%, p = 0.001) was less frequent in males. In all patients together, OS (p < 0.0001) was significantly inferior in males, and also within the WHO sub-categories indolent SM, aggressive SM (ASM) and SM-AHN. PFS was significantly (p = 0.0002) worse in males when all patients were grouped together; due to low numbers of events, this significance persisted only in the subcategory smoldering SM. Finally, prognostically relevant cytogenetic abnormalities (10% vs. 5%, p = 0.006) or molecular aberrations (SRSF2/ASXLI/RUNXI profile; 63% vs. 40%, p = 0.003) were more frequently present in males. Conclusions: Male sex has a major impact on clinical features, disease progression, and survival in mastocytosis. Male patients have an inferior survival, which seems related to the fact that they more frequently develop a multi-mutated AdvSM associated with a high-risk molecular background.
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| 4. |
- Lawrenson, Kate, et al.
(författare)
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Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P=9.2 × 10-20), ER-negative BC (P=1.1 × 10-13), BRCA1-associated BC (P=7.7 × 10-16) and triple negative BC (P-diff=2 × 10-5). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P=2 × 10-3) and ABHD8 (P<2 × 10-3). Chromosome conformation capture identifies interactions between four candidate SNPs and ABHD8, and luciferase assays indicate six risk alleles increased transactivation of the ADHD8 promoter. Targeted deletion of a region containing risk SNP rs56069439 in a putative enhancer induces ANKLE1 downregulation; and mRNA stability assays indicate functional effects for an ANKLE1 3′-UTR SNP. Altogether, these data suggest that multiple SNPs at 19p13 regulate ABHD8 and perhaps ANKLE1 expression, and indicate common mechanisms underlying breast and ovarian cancer risk.
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| 5. |
- Lübke, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic Impact of Organomegaly in Mastocytosis : An Analysis of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-2198 .- 2213-2201. ; 11:2, s. 581-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Organomegaly, including splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and/or lymphadenopathy, are important diagnostic and prognostic features in patients with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) or systemic mastocytosis (SM).OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and prognostic impact of 1 or more organomegalies on clinical course and survival in patients with CM/SM.METHODS: Therefore, 3155 patients with CM (n = 1002 [32%]) or SM (n = 2153 [68%]) enrolled within the registry of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall survival (OS) was adversely affected by the number of organomegalies (OS: #0 vs #1 hazard ratio [HR], 4.9; 95% CI, 3.4-7.1, P < .001; #1 vs #2 HR, 2.1, 95% CI, 1.4-3.1, P < .001; #2 vs #3 HR, 1.7, 95% CI, 1.2-2.5, P = .004). Lymphadenopathy was frequently detected in patients with smoldering SM (SSM, 18 of 60 [30%]) or advanced SM (AdvSM, 137 of 344 [40%]). Its presence confered an inferior outcome in patients with AdvSM compared with patients with AdvSM without lymphadenopathy (median OS, 3.8 vs 2.6 years; HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2; P = .003). OS was not different between patients having organomegaly with either ISM or SSM (median, 25.5 years vs not reached; P = .435). At time of disease progression, a new occurrence of any organomegaly was observed in 17 of 40 (43%) patients with ISM, 4 of 10 (40%) patients with SSM, and 33 of 86 (38%) patients with AdvSM, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Organomegalies including lymphadenopathy are often found in SSM and AdvSM. ISM with organomegaly has a similar course and prognosis compared with SSM. The number of organomegalies is adversely associated with OS. A new occurrence of organomegaly in all variants of SM may indicate disease progression.
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| 6. |
- Rademacher, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial: The Different Faces of Sickness
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sickness not only includes symptoms that classically define an infection (e.g., fever, nausea, headache), but also comes along with profound neurobehavioral consequences for the infected individual. These include anhedonia, anorexia, pain, lethargy, fatigue, sleepiness, and social withdrawal, and are collectively called “sickness behavior”. Sickness behavior in the infected individual is triggered by mediators of the activated immune system that signal to the brain, thus linking the immunological (inflammatory) response with the psychological (behavioral) response to a pathogen. These inflammatory mediators include cytokines (e.g., interleukins, IL; tumor necrosis factor, TNF) that can be assessed in the circulation in addition to clinical markers of inflammation (e.g., C-reactive protein, CRP). Inflammation and sickness behavior are paralleled by neuroendocrine changes including activation of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which are both critical for the feedback regulation of the immune response.
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| 7. |
- Schult, Tanja, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Was denkt das Denkmal? Eine Anthologie zur Denkmalkultur
- 2021
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wie wäre es, wenn die Geschichte eines Denkmals einmal aus dessen Sicht erzählt wird? Die AutorInnen dieser Anthologie wagen den Perspektivenwechsel und schildern, wie es Denkmälern im Wandel der Zeiten erging, hin- und hergerissen zwischen ursprünglichen Intentionen, Umdeutungen und Instrumentalisierungen. Mit tiefgründigem Humor begeben sie sich in den Kopf der Freiheitsstatue, lassen die Brooklyn Bridge über ihre Rezeption in der Literatur zu Wort kommen, oder enttarnen die Neue Wache in Berlin als konservative Querdenkerin. Andere räsonieren über die nackte Weiblichkeit im schwedischen Wohlfahrtsstaat, oder schlüpfen in die Rolle des Sockels, der unter der Büste eines Nazidichters leidet. Dieses Buches möchte zum weiteren Nachdenken über Denkmäler und Denkmalkultur anregen und ist damit auch eine Reaktion auf das durch jüngste Debatten gewachsene internationale Interesse an Denkmälern. Die Texte basieren auf fundierten Auseinandersetzungen mit Geschichte, Gestaltung und Bedeutungen verschiedener Denkmäler und vermitteln diese dabei kritisch und zugleich und unterhaltsam. Ein intellektuelles Experiment, das eine neue Sicht auf Denkmäler eröffnet.
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| 8. |
- Souza Banegas, Gustavo, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Concrete quantum cryptanalysis of binary elliptic curves
- 2021
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Ingår i: IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems. - : Universitatsbibliothek der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum. - 2569-2925. ; 2021:1, s. 451-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes and optimizes quantum circuits for computing discrete logarithms on binary elliptic curves, including reversible circuits for fixed-base-point scalar multiplication and the full stack of relevant subroutines. The main optimization target is the size of the quantum computer, i.e., the number of logical qubits required, as this appears to be the main obstacle to implementing Shor’s polynomial-time discrete-logarithm algorithm. The secondary optimization target is the number of logical Toffoli gates. For an elliptic curve over a field of 2n elements, this paper reduces the number of qubits to 7n + ⌊log2 (n)⌋ + 9. At the same time this paper reduces the number of Toffoli gates to 48n3 + 8nlog2(3)+1 + 352n2 log2 (n) + 512n2 + O(nlog2(3)) with double-and-add scalar multiplication, and a logarithmic factor smaller with fixed-window scalar multiplication. The number of CNOT gates is also O(n3). Exact gate counts are given for various sizes of elliptic curves currently used for cryptography.
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| 9. |
- Spiegel, Karine, et al.
(författare)
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A meta-analysis of the associations between insufficient sleep duration and antibody response to vaccination
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 33:5, s. 998-1005.e2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vaccination is a major strategy to control a viral pandemic. Simple behavioral interventions that might boost vaccine responses have yet to be identified. We conducted meta-analyses to summarize the evidence linking the amount of sleep obtained in the days surrounding vaccination to antibody response in healthy adults. Authors of the included studies provided the information needed to accurately estimate the pooled effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and to examine sex differences.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 The association between self-reported short sleep (<6 h/night) and reduced vaccine response did not reach our pre-defined statistical significant criteria (total n = 504, ages 18-85; overall ES [95% CI] = 0.29 [-0.04, 0.63]). Objectively assessed short sleep was associated with a robust decrease in antibody response (total n = 304, ages 18-60; overall ES [95% CI] = 0.79 [0.40, 1.18]). In men, the pooled ES was large (overall ES [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.54, 1.33]), whereas it did not reach significance in women (overall ES [95% CI] = 0.42 [-0.49, 1.32]). These results provide evidence that insufficient sleep duration substantially decreases the response to anti-viral vaccination and suggests that achieving adequate amount of sleep during the days surrounding vaccination may enhance and prolong the humoral response. Large-scale well-controlled studies are urgently needed to define (1) the window of time around inoculation when optimizing sleep duration is most beneficial, (2) the causes of the sex disparity in the impact of sleep on the response, and (3) the amount of sleep needed to protect the response.
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| 10. |
- Tan, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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A narrative review of interventions for improving sleep and reducing circadian disruption in medical inpatients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 59, s. 42-50
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleep and circadian disruptions are frequently observed in patients across hospital wards. This is alarming, since impaired nocturnal sleep and disruption of a normal circadian rhythm can compromise health and disturb processes involved in recovery from illness (eg, immune functions). With this in mind, the present narrative review discusses how patient characteristics (sleep disorders, anxiety, stress, chronotype, and disease), hospital routines (pain management, timing of medication, nocturnal vital sign monitoring, and physical inactivity), and hospital environment (light and noise) may all contribute to sleep disturbances and circadian misalignment in patients. We also propose hospital-based strategies that may help reduce sleep and circadian disruptions in patients admitted to the hospital. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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