| 1. |
- Haas, R, et al.
(författare)
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How to promote renewable energy systems successfully and effectively
- 2004
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - 1873-6777. ; 32:6, s. 833-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarises the major recommendations and conclusions of the third Forum of the European Network on Energy Research (ENER) which took place in June 2002 in Budapest. The major perceptions of this meeting as well as the most important conclusions and recommendations for energy policy makers are compiled in this summary. The statements compiled in the following represent a consensus within the ENER Network while on some questions differences in perception and analysis persisted. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Langniss, Ole
(författare)
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A Regulatory Approach to Foster Bulk Electricity Generation from Renewable Energies in South Africa
- 2003
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulations to promote the application of renewable energy in the electricity sector are crucial to achieve the government’s target of increasing the share of renewable energy to 10 TWh within 10 years. Feed-In tariffs provides the highest certainty to accomplish a significant growth of renewable energy since it provide high certainty to investors and are easy to implement. For the design of a Feed-In tariff for South Africa it is recommended that operators of the distribution grid (i.e. the regional electricity distributors) are obligated to purchase electricity from renewable energy sources at a fixed price. The price is set according to the generic generation costs. Remuneration levels differ according to different renewable energy technologies. Off-grid energy systems, solar water heating systems, and demand side management programmes should be considered to be promoted with regulation, too. Promotion of renewable energy can thus form an integral part of the National Electrification Fund.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Langniss, Ole
(författare)
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Governance structures for promoting renewable energy sources
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study seeks to find answers to the question of how much competition is introduced by different types of regulation aimed at promoting electricity generated with renewable energies. For this purpose the partial equilibrium model is applied. Further analysis of the costs of governance for two realised regulations, the German EEG and the Texas RPS, is based on Transaction Cost Economics.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Langniss, Ole
(författare)
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Instruments to foster renewable energy investments in Europe
- 1996
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481. ; 9:1-4, s. 1112-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since capital needs are high when investing in Renewable Energy Technologies (RET), well adapted financial schemes are essential, including well fitted financial support. Supporting the dissemination of RET means supporting people, not technologies. Though, support mechanism have to be adapted to people not to technologies. A recent study for the European Parliament compares support mechanisms for RET in several European countries by describing case studies. Six different investor types can be identified, each one standing for a specific amalgam of motivation, energy needs, financial possibilities and risk-averse. Each of these types has its specific importance for different RET and different stages of RET's market penetration. Also the size of the market for RET, represented by each investor type, is different.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Langniss, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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The renewables portfolio standard in Texas: an early assessment
- 2003
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - 1873-6777. ; 31:6, s. 527-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Texas has rapidly emerged as one of the leading wind power markets in the United States. This development can be largely traced to a well-designed and carefully implemented renewables portfolio standard (RPS). The RPS is a new policy mechanism that has received increasing attention as an attractive approach to support renewable power generation. Though replacing existing renewable energy policies with an as-of-yet untested approach in the RPS is risky, early experience from Texas suggests that an RPS can effectively spur renewables development and encourage competition among renewable energy producers. Initial RPS targets in Texas were well exceeded by the end of 2001, with 915 MW of wind installed in that year alone. RPS compliance costs appear negligible with new wind projects reportedly contracted for well under 3(US)cent/k/Wh, in part as a result of a 1.7(US)cent/kWh production tax credit, an outstanding wind resource and an RPS that is sizable enough to drive project economies of scale. Obliged retail suppliers have been willing to enter into long-term contracts with renewable generators, reducing important risks for both the developer and the retail supplier. Finally, the country's first comprehensive renewable energy certificate program has been put into place to monitor and track RPS compliance. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 10. |
- Langniss, Ole
(författare)
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Transaction Cost Economics of Regulations to foster Renewable Energy Sources in the Electricity Sector
- 2002
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and minimum price standards are two systems to foster the market dissemination of renewable energies in the electricity sector. Transaction Cost Economics brings forward that the contractual relations in real structures have to be investigated to judge on the efficiency of governance structures. This paper seeks to do so by comparing governance structures created by the Texan RPS and the German EEG as an example for a successful minimum price standard. Analysis suggests that differences in static efficiency between both regulations are not as big as economic theory would suggest. The need to safeguard long-term investments establishes long-term contracts as the prevailing form of governance in the Texan RPS, thus limiting competition. On the other hand, the German EEG provides a large range of freedom to the power generators giving them strong incentives to optimise both the investment and the operation of a power plant.
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