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- Darzentas, N., et al.
(författare)
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A different ontogenesis for chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases carrying stereotyped antigen receptors : molecular and computational evidence
- 2010
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 24:1, s. 125-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is uniquely characterized by the existence of subsets of cases with quasi-identical, 'stereotyped' B-cell receptors (BCRs). Herein we investigate this stereotypy in 2662 patients with CLL, the largest series yet, using purpose-built bioinformatics methods based on sequence pattern discovery. Besides improving the identification of 'stereotyped' cases, we demonstrate that CLL actually consists of two different categories, based on the BCR repertoire, with important biological and ontogenetic differences. The first ( approximately 30% of cases) shows a very restricted repertoire and is characterized by BCR stereotypy (clustered cases), whereas the second includes cases with heterogeneous BCRs (nonclustered cases). Eleven major CLL clusters were identified with antigen-binding sites defined by just a few critically positioned residues, regardless of the actual immunoglobulin (IG) variable gene used. This situation is closely reminiscent of the receptors expressed by cells participating in innate immune responses. On these grounds, we argue that whereas CLL cases with heterogeneous BCRs likely derive from the conventional B-cell pool, cases with stereotyped BCRs could derive from progenitor cells evolutionarily adapted to particular antigenic challenges, perhaps intermediate between a true innate immune system and the conventional adaptive B-cell immune system, functionally similar to what has been suggested previously for mouse B1 cells.
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| 3. |
- Papaodyssefs, Fotios, et al.
(författare)
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Web identity translator : Behavioral advertising and identity privacy with WIT
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, HotNets-XIV 2015. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450340472
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Online Behavioral Advertising (OBA) is an important revenue source for online publishers and content providers. However, the extensive user tracking required to enable OBA raises valid privacy concerns. Existing and proposed solutions either block all tracking, therefore breaking OBA entirely, or require significant changes on the current advertising infrastructure, making adoption hard. We propose Web Identity Translator (WIT), a new privacy service running as a proxy or middlebox. WIT stops the original tracking cookies from being set on the browser of users and instead substitutes them by private cookies it controls. Manipulating the mapping between tracking and private cookies WIT maintains permits transparent OBA to continue while simultaneously protecting the identity of users from attacks based on behavioral analysis of browsing patterns.
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