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- Campbell, JD, et al.
(författare)
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Peptide immunotherapy in allergic asthma generates IL-10-dependent immunological tolerance associated with linked epitope suppression
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 206:7, s. 1535-1547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of patients with allergic asthma using low doses of peptides containing T cell epitopes from Fel d 1, the major cat allergen, reduces allergic sensitization and improves surrogate markers of disease. Here, we demonstrate a key immunological mechanism, linked epitope suppression, associated with this therapeutic effect. Treatment with selected epitopes from a single allergen resulted in suppression of responses to other (“linked”) epitopes within the same molecule. This phenomenon was induced after peptide immunotherapy in human asthmatic subjects and in a novel HLA-DR1 transgenic mouse model of asthma. Tracking of allergen-specific T cells using DR1 tetramers determined that suppression was associated with the induction of interleukin (IL)-10+ T cells that were more abundant than T cells specific for the single-treatment peptide and was reversed by anti–IL-10 receptor administration. Resolution of airway pathophysiology in this model was associated with reduced recruitment, proliferation, and effector function of allergen-specific Th2 cells. Our results provide, for the first time, in vivo evidence of linked epitope suppression and IL-10 induction in both human allergic disease and a mouse model designed to closely mimic peptide therapy in humans.
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- Nice, P., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the corrosion risk of duplex stainless steel UNS S82551 in treated seawater injection service
- 2017
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Ingår i: NACE - Int. Corros. Conf. Ser.. - : National Assoc. of Corrosion Engineers International. - 9781510840348 ; , s. 1225-1239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In seawater handling systems, the available well tubing materials are Glass Reinforced Epoxy lined low alloy steel or Corrosion Resistant Alloy's (CRA) such as super duplex stainless steel. However, in treated seawater the corrosion risk can be controlled so that lower grade alloys can be considered. Recent efforts have focused attention on better dissolved oxygen controls which permits the investigation and possible use of more cost effective materials such as the duplex stainless steel UNS S82551. Full scale corrosion testing of tubes joined together with a proprietary premium threaded connection was performed in controlled seawater loops simulating service conditions at 30° C. The flow rate and dissolved oxygen were controlled at 5 m/s and <20ppb, respectively. Weekly dissolved oxygen excursions corresponding to 24h at 100ppb followed by 1 hour at 300ppb were included during the 5 months exposure. Corrosion results of UNS S82551 tubing were compared to UNS S31803 and UNS S39274. In parallel, laboratory exposures of coupons were performed in dissolved oxygen controlled cells with and without CREVCORR crevice formers, allowing the measurement of electrochemical potentials as function of dissolved oxygen content (e. g. biofilm ennoblement monitoring) and the related corrosion resistance. The results showed that dissolved oxygen content should be properly controlled below critical values to avoid crevice corrosion of the lesser alloyed duplex stainless steels. In the full scale loop test, UNS S82551 tubes did not exhibit crevice corrosion at threaded connection interfaces under the defined test conditions.
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- Prosek, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion performance of Zn-Al-Mg coatings in open and confined zones in conditions simulating automotive applications
- 2010
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Ingår i: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion. - : Wiley. - 0947-5117 .- 1521-4176. ; 61:5, s. 412-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Panels coated by hot dipping with zinc (HDG), Zn-5Al (Galfan) and Zn-1.5Al- 1.5Mg coatings at different thicknesses were phosphated and painted on an industrial line. Crevice panels with non-painted bare parts modelling conditions in hem flanges, reference panels with open surfaces and formed non-painted panels were exposed to a cyclic accelerated automotive test. Zn-Al-Mg coatings with the thickness of 10 μ rovided similar or even better protection than HDG and Galfan at 20 mmin both confined and open configurations. In comparison to 10-μm HDG, the Zn-Al-Mg coating delayed red rust appearance in crevices by a factor of 2 and the maximal depth of corrosion in the steel substrate was by 42% lower. Confined areas were more corroded than open surfaces. For HDG, the time to red rust appearance dropped by 50-75%, corrosion attack in steel was from 3.5 to 7 times deeper and mass gain was about 2.3 times higher in crevices than on open surfaces. Corrosion of Zn-Al-Mg may be more affected by local environmental conditions created by the crevice configuration than for HDG. Red rust appearance on formed panels of 20-mm Galfan, 7-, 10- and 14-mm Zn- Al-Mg was delayed to 10-μm HDG by a factor of 2.8, 3.5, 3.8 and >4.5, respectively. No adverse effect of forming was noticed. The results indicate that 2- to 3-fold reduction of the coating thickness for Zn-Al-Mg alloy coatings in comparison to traditional HDG may be possible without compromising the corrosion performance.
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