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- Baum, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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A new approach to estimation of the R&D–innovation–productivity relationship
- 2017
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Ingår i: Economics of Innovation and New Technology. - England : Informa UK Limited. - 1043-8599 .- 1476-8364. ; 26:1-2, s. 121-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We apply a generalized structural equation model approach to the estimation of the relationship between R&D, innovation and productivity that focuses on the potentially crucial heterogeneity across sectors. The model accounts for selectivity and handles the endogeneity of this relationship in a recursive framework which allows for feedback effects from productivity to future R&D investment. Our approach enables the estimation of the different equations as one system, allowing the coefficients to differ across sectors, and also permits us to take cross-equation correlation of the errors into account. Employing a panel of Swedish manufacturing and service firms observed in three consecutive Community Innovation Surveys in the period 2008–2012, our full-information maximum likelihood estimates show that many key channels of influence among the model's components vary meaningfully in their statistical significance and magnitude across six different sectors based on the OECD classification on technological and knowledge intensity. These results cast doubt on earlier research which does not allow for sectoral heterogeneity.
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| 2. |
- Lööf, Hans, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing returns to smart cities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Regional Science Policy & Practice. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1757-7802. ; 5:2, s. 255-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased urbanization, global warming and sustainable growth belong to the major contemporary policy challenges. Today cities are home to more than 50 per cent of the world population, the largest 600 urban centres generate about 60 per cent of global GDP, and the agglomerated areas are responsible for 75 per cent of world carbon emissions. The UN estimates that 70 per cent of the world's growing population will live in cities by 2050. At the same time the world population is expected to increase from 7 billion people to 9 billion. Thus, the total number of people living in cities will be almost doubled within a period of less than 4 decades. This paper discusses two hypotheses on how this will affect climate change and economic growth.
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