| 1. |
- Barone, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Sialyl-Lactotetra as a Marker for Epithelial Ovarian Tumors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular and histological profiles, ranging from low grade atypia to highly aggressive tumors associated with a poor prognosis. In the present study, glycosphingolipids were isolated from human high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, whereby the novel stem cell marker Sialyl-lactotetra (S-Lc(4)) was characterized in two out of three cases. The presence and level of S-Lc(4)was further evaluated immunohistochemically in a cohort of patients with ovarian tumors ranging from benign lesions to high grade serous carcinoma (n= 478). Its expression was assessed in association with tumor grade, stage, histology, and survival. The data showed that S-Lc(4)is most common and highly expressed in borderline type tumors and carcinomas with low levels of aggressiveness, such as mucinous, endometrioid, and low grade serous. Accordingly, S-Lc(4)-positivity was associated with better disease-free survival. The expression of S-Lc(4)was seemingly associated with lineage continuity and could be traced from premalignant lesions to carcinoma, suggesting inheritance by a stem cell lineage that gives rise to generally indolent tumors.
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| 2. |
- Ekberg, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Does the menstrual cycle influence aerobic capacity in endurance-trained women?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. - : Routledge. - 0270-1367 .- 2168-3824.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim was to study if aerobic capacity varies during different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC) in endurance-trained female athletes.Methods: Ten endurance-trained eumenorrheic women performed a submaximal test followed by an incremental test until exhaustion three times during one MC, early follicular phase (EFP), late follicular phase (LFP), and midluteal phase (MLP). During the submaximal test, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and utilization of fat and carbohydrates were analyzed; and, during the incremental test, VO2 peak, maximal heart rate, utilization of fat and carbohydrates, and RER were analyzed. Lactate levels were analyzed at rest, during the submaximal test, and after the incremental test. The anaerobic threshold was determined at RER = 1.Results: No significant differences (p <.05) between the MC phases were seen in a maximal heart rate or VO2peak. Similarly, VO2, heart rate, RER, fatty acid oxidation, and carbohydrate oxidation at 70, 80, 90, and 100% of VO2peak did not differ significantly between MC phases. There were no significant differences between these phases in resting lactate before the test or during the submaximal tests, though there was a significant difference in lactate concentration 3 minutes after the incremental test between the EFP and the LFP (p =.043).Conclusion: This study did not display variations in physiological parameters between EFP, LFP, and MLP, indicating similar aerobic capacity despite hormonal variations. This knowledge may be useful when planning for competition in aerobic events.
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| 3. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa M., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological Correlates of Skating Performance in Women's and Men's Ice Hockey
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - : National Strength and Conditioning Association. - 1064-8011 .- 1533-4287. ; 25:8, s. 2133-2142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the current investigation was to identify relationships between physiological off-ice tests and on-ice performance in female and male ice hockey players on a comparable competitive level. Eleven women, 24 ± 3.0 years, and 10 male ice hockey players, 23 ± 2.4 years, were tested for background variables: height, body weight (BW), ice hockey history, and lean body mass (LBM) and peak torque (PT) of the thigh muscles, [latin capital V with dot above]o2peak and aerobic performance (Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation [OBLA], respiratory exchange ratio [RER1]) during an incremental bicycle ergometer test. Four different on-ice tests were used to measure ice skating performance. For women, skating time was positively correlated (p < 0.05) to BW and negatively correlated to LBM%, PT/BW, OBLA, RER 1, and [latin capital V with dot above]o2peak (ml O2·kg-1 BW-1·min-1) in the Speed test. Acceleration test was positively correlated to BW and negatively correlated to OBLA and RER 1. For men, correlation analysis revealed only 1 significant correlation where skating time was positively correlated to [latin capital V with dot above]o2peak (L O2·min-1) in the Acceleration test. The male group had significantly higher physiological test values in all variables (absolute and relative to BW) but not in relation to LBM. Selected off-ice tests predict skating performance for women but not for men. The group of women was significantly smaller and had a lower physiological performance than the group of men and were slower in the on-ice performance tests. However, gender differences in off-ice variables were reduced or disappeared when values were related to LBM, indicating a similar capacity of producing strength and aerobic power in female and male hockey players. Skating performance in female hockey players may be improved by increasing thigh muscle strength, oxygen uptake, and relative muscle mass.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Henriksson-Larsén, Karin, 1955-
(författare)
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Distribution, total number and size of different types of fibres in male and female skeletal muscles : an enzyme histochemical study of whole muscle cross-sections
- 1984
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to investigate the total number, relative proportions, size variations and distribution patterns of fibres of different types in human skeletal muscles, a technique was developed which allows whole muscle cross-sections to be collected and stained enzyme histochemically. Necropsy material was obtained from m. tibialis anterior and m. vastus lateralis of previously healthy young adults who had suffered sudden accidental deaths. The muscle specimens were extirpated within 72 hours post morten, frozen in liquid nitrogen, embedded in carboxymethylcellu- lose, sectioned and enzyme histochemically stained for myofibrillar ATPase in order to permit light microscopic identification of type 1 and type 2 muscle fibres.The present results show that there is a large variation in both the total number of fibres and the size of the whole muscle cross-sectional area between different individuals and, also, between different levels of the same muscle. The distribution of fibres of different types over the muscle cross-section was heterogeneous. Usually the relative proportion of type 2 fibres showed a peak along a medio- lateral line passing through the centre of the muscle cross-section. When comparing the left and right m. tibialis anterior of the same individual, one of the- muscles (usually the left one) was found to contain a larger number of fibres than the contralateral one. However, the pattern of distribution of fibres of different types was similar in the two muscles. The fibre sizes were also found to vary between different regions of the muscle cross-section. Both type 1 and type 2 fibres were significantly larger in the deep muscle region compared to the central or superficial sites. The mean fibre size as well as the total number of fibres correlated strongly with the whole muscle cross-sectional area. The female m. tibialis anterior contained fewer and smaller fibres than the corresponding male muscle, although the whole muscle cross-sectional area was of similar magnitude. The distribution of fibre types over the muscle cross-section differed somewhat between females and males. The variation in fibre sizes between different muscle sites was less pronounced in the females, but as in male muscles the type 2 fibres were always larger than the type 1 fibres.In conclusion, systematic variations in fibre type distribution and fibre size occurs over the muscle cross-section. The total number of fibres in the cross- section seems to vary with individual, sex, distance from muscle origin and left- right leg. The combination of fewer and smaller fibres in females compared to males leads to about 40 % smaller total muscle fibre cross-sectional area in female m. tibialis anterior. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies using muscle biopsy techniques. The possible contibution of variations in number, sizes or distribution patterns of muscle fibres to adaptation of muscle to varying functional demands is also discussed.
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| 6. |
- Larsen, Olav Inge, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial effects of three different treatment modalities on dental implant surfaces.
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of oral implantology. - 1548-1336. ; 43:6, s. 429-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resolution of peri-implant inflammation and re-osseointegration of peri-implantitis affected dental implants seem to be dependent on bacterial decontamination. The aims of the this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of three different instrumentations on a micro-textured dental implant surface contaminated with an avirulent or a virulent Porphyromonas gingivalis strain and to determine alterations to the implant surface following instrumentation. Forty-five dental implants (Straumann SLA) were allocated to three treatment groups: Er:YAG laser, chitosan brush, and titanium curette (10 implants each), a positive (10 implants) and a negative (five implants) control. Each treatment group and the positive control were split into subgroups of five implants subsequently contaminated with either the avirulent or virulent P. gingivalis strain. The antimicrobial effect of instrumentation was evaluated using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Implant surface alterations were determined using a light interferometer. Instrumentation significantly reduced the number of attached P. gingivalis (p<0.001) with no significant differences among groups (p=0.310). A significant overall higher median score was found for virulent compared with avirulent P. gingivalis strains (p=0.007); the Er:YAG laser uniquely effective removing both bacterial strains. The titanium curette significantly altered the implant surface micro-texture. Neither the Er:YAG laser nor the chitosan brush significantly altered the implant surface. The three instrumentations appear to have a similar potential to remove P. gingivalis. The titanium curette significantly altered the microstructure of the implant surface.
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| 7. |
- Pettersson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Low bone mass density at multiple skeletal sites, including the appendicular skeleton in amenorrheic runners
- 1999
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0171-967X .- 1432-0827. ; 64:2, s. 117-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate any difference in bone mass at different sites between female long-distance runners with amenorrhea and those with eumenorrhea. We compared 10 amenorrheic and 10 eumenorrheic athletes to determine whether athletes with amenorrhea have lower BMD in multiple skeletal regions, including weight-bearing lower limbs. The amenorrheic group had experienced menstrual dysfunction ranging from 3 to 43 months. As a further control group, 16 eumenorrheic soccer players were compared with the former two running groups regarding their BMD measurements. The two groups were matched for age, height, and amount of training. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) was measured and was found to be significantly lower in the total body, humerus, spine, lumbar spine, pelvis, femoral neck, trochanter, total femur, femur diaphysis, tibia diaphysis and in the nonweight-bearing head of the femur in the amenorrheic group. Body weight, BMI, fat mass, and body fat percent were significantly lower in the amenorrheic group. The differences in the BMD of the head, humerus, femoral neck, total femur, femur diaphysis, and tibia diaphysis disappeared when adjusted for body weight. Compared with the soccer group, the amenorrheic subjects had significantly lower BMD values at all sites except for the head, Ward's triangle, and femur diaphysis. Blood samples were obtained in the two running groups for analysis of osteocalcin, carboxy terminal telopeptide (ICTP), procollagen I (PICP), and estradiol. There were no significant differences between the groups but there was a strong tendency towards a lower estradiol level and a higher osteocalcin level in the amenorrheic group. A free estradiol index (FE2) was derived as the ratio of estradiol to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and was significantly lower in the amenorrheic group. No difference in their daily intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, calcium, and vitamin D was observed. However, both groups showed a surprisingly low energy intake in relation to their training regimens. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that weight was the best predictor of spine BMD in both groups. Estradiol and FE2 were significant predictors of the BMD of the proximal femur in the eumenorrheic group, but did not predict any BMD site in the amenorrheic group. In conclusion, amenorrhea in athletic women affects trabecular and cortical bone in both axial and appendicular skeleton. However, some of the discrepancy can be explained by a lower body weight. Physical weight-bearing activity does not seem to completely compensate for the side effects of reduced estrogen levels even in weight-bearing bones in the lower extremity and spine.
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| 8. |
- Sundell, Claes-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Stress Fractures of Pars Interarticularis in Adolescent Athletes a Classification System with MRI and CT Enabling Evaluation of The Healing Process
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Exercise, Sports & Orthopedics. - : Symbiosis Group. - 2374-6904. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate healing frequency in different stages of stress reactions in the Pars Interarticularis (PI) using a classification system with MRI and CT. The intervention was 3-month rest from physical activity, without a brace, with the exception of activities of daily living.Materials & Method: Twelve adolescent athletes with different stages of Spondolysis were included in the study. They had pathology in the Pars Interarticularis and were clinically examined with MRI and CT 3-6 weeks after debut of Low Back Pain (LBP) and re-evaluated after 3 months intervention with rest from physical activity.Results: A combination of MRI and CT scanning to investigate suspected injuries to Pars Interarticularis in adolescent athletes revealed 6 different stages of Spondolysis that ranged from marrow oedema to pseudoarthrosis. After 3 months of rest from physical activity the early stages of Pars Interarticularis injuries healed significantly better than the later stages with rest from physical activity.Conclusion: The combination of MRI and CT revealed 6 stages of stress reactions instead of 4 as in Hollenberg’s staging with MRI only. In the 3 earliest stages, of these 6, rest from physical activity for 3 months can heal the stress reaction.
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| 9. |
- Wikström-Frisén, Lisbeth, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on power, strength and lean body mass of menstrual/oral contraceptive cycle based resistance training
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. - 0022-4707 .- 1827-1928. ; 57:1-2, s. 43-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of menstrual and oral contraceptive cycle on a high frequency periodized leg resistance training in trained women. METHODS: Two groups performed high frequency leg resistance training for two weeks of each menstrual/oral contraceptive cycle for four months. The remaining part of the cycle they performed the leg training once a week. Group 1 (N.=19) trained with high frequency (5 times-w-') during the first two weeks of each cycle, and group 2 (N.=19) during the last two weeks of each cycle. A control group (N.=21) performed regurlar (3 times.w(-1)) leg resistance training for four months. RESULTS: Significant increase in squat and countermovement jump, and peak torque values in hamstrings for group 1 were observed, but not in group 2. In the control group an increase in squat and countermovement jump, and peak torque (only left hamstring) was also observed. There was also a significant increase in lean body mass of the legs in group 1 only. There were no evident differences in the training effects between women with or without oral contraceptive. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency periodized leg resistance training during the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle is more beneficial to optimize training than in the last two weeks. Resistance training during the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle even resulted in a larger gain of lean body mass than regular training.
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| 10. |
- Wikström-Frisén, Lisbeth, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Effekter av konditionsträning periodiserad utifrån menstruationscykeln hos idrottande kvinnor
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Senaste decennierna har det skett en kraftig ökning av kvinnors deltagande inom motions- och elitidrott och det har medfört en jämnare könsfördelning av idrottare. Trots det är kvinnliga deltagare inom idrottsforskning underrepresenterade. Orsaken anses bland annat vara att variationen av könshormoner under menstruationscykeln försvårar standardiseringen vid forskning om träningsupplägg och testning. Det saknas därför vetenskapliga studier kring ytterligare utveckling av träningsmodeller specifikt för kvinnliga idrottare utifrån den kvinnliga fysiologin.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka effekter av konditionsträning periodiserad utifrån menstruationscykeln hos idrottande kvinnor för att öka kunskapen om mer specifika träningsupplägg för kvinnor.Totalt genomförde 31 kvinnor mellan 18 och 35 år hela studien. Kvinnorna fördelades slumpmässigt i två grupper med varierande träningsfrekvens i relation till sin menstruationscykel. En tredje grupp (kontrollgrupp) fortsatte att träna kondition regelbundet enligt sitt tidigare träningsschema. Kvinnorna tränade under fyra på varandra följande menstruationscykler och deltog i ett test före träningsperioden och ett test efter träningsperioden. Av de två grupper som varierade träningsfrekvens utifrån sin menstruationscykel tränade den ena gruppen kondition fem gånger per vecka under de två första veckorna av menstruationscykeln och kondition en gång per vecka under de sista två veckorna av sin menstruationscykel. Den andra gruppen tränade istället kondition en gång per vecka under de två första veckorna av menstruationscykeln och utförde sedan konditionsträning fem gånger per vecka under de sista två veckorna av sin menstruationscykel. Kontrollgruppen konditionstränade hela tiden tre pass per vecka. Detta resulterade i att varje grupp planerades träna 48 konditionsträningspass under den tid som studien pågick. Deras träning bestod av distanspass samt långa och korta intervallpass. Dessutom bibehöll de sin övriga träning i form av styrketräning, rörlighetsträning och eventuell teknikträning inom sina idrotter. Vid testerna före och efter träningsperioden genomfördes blodprovstagning för allmän hälsokontroll samt för hormonanalys. Båda testerna genomfördes under samma fas av menstruationscykeln. Vid de två testerna genomfördes ett ramptest till utmattning på cykel med kontinuerlig mätning av syreupptag och provtagning av laktat i blod före, under och efter cykeltest. Dessutom fyllde kvinnorna i ett frågeformulär om upplevelsen av träningen samt ett frågeformulär om allmänna måendet för både analys av Profile of Mood States (POMS) och skattning av träningsbelastning.Som resultatparametrar från de två cykeltesterna användes det högst uppnådda syreupptaget respektive syreupptaget då försökspersonen hade 2 och 4 mmol/l laktat i blodet. Dessutom mättes laktatnivåerna tre minuter efter arbete. Från POMS-frågeformuläret användes det sammanfattande värdet global POMS.Resultaten visade att konditionsträningens upplägg förbättrade deltagarnas aeroba kapacitet (mätt som maximalt uppnådd VO2peak ml/kg/min och VO2 ml/kg/min vid 2 och 4 mmol laktat i blodet) i alla tre träningsgrupperna, men någon skillnad mellan grupperna vad gäller storleken på denna ökning hittades inte. Inga signifikanta förändringar av global POMS eller av laktatnivåer tre minuter efter arbete fanns mellan de två testerna före och efter träningsperioden.Slutsatsen av studien är att konditionsträning periodiserad utifrån menstruationscykeln, det vill säga koncentrerad konditionsträning de första två veckorna respektive de sista två veckorna av menstruationscykeln, inte ger extra positiva träningseffekter jämfört med regelbunden konditionsträning som utfördes under hela menstruationscykeln (kontrollgruppen).
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