| 1. |
- Brülde, Bengt, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Rysk roulett med framtiden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fria tidningen. - 1654-9449. ; :feb 2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Billy, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Do psychotherapists with different theoretical orientations stereotype or prejudge each other?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-0116 .- 1573-3564. ; 43:3, s. 169-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates a possible threat to the progress of psychotherapy. It aims to detect and compare stereotyped or even prejudiced views among psychotherapists of different theoretical orientations, building on social psychological theory of in-groups and out-groups. Swedish psychotherapists (n = 416) of four different orientations (psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioural, or integrative/eclectic) used the valuable elements in psychotherapy questionnaire to rate the importance of various elements in psychotherapy. They also estimated how therapists of other orientations would rate these elements. These estimates were then compared with therapists' actual self-ratings in order to detect patterns of stereotyping or prejudiced views. Psychotherapists exaggerate the differences between their own and other orientations in a stereotyped way, but correctly predict what members of their own orientation (in-group) find important. However, they overestimate how important 'orientation-typical features' are to those of other orientations (out-group), indicating a clear tendency to stereotype. Overall, integrative/eclectic therapists' estimates were less stereotyped than the estimates of therapists of other orientations. A somewhat unexpected finding was that cognitive and behavioural therapists seem more inclined towards stereotyping. The stereotyped views of other theoretical orientations among psychotherapists can be argued to have negative connotations and may thus be seen as prejudices. These prejudices could create irrational and unnecessary obstacles to the development of both the science and the practice of psychotherapy and signal the need for psychotherapists of all orientations to develop a more balanced picture of each other. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Billy, 1956
(författare)
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Integration av olika skolbildningar i psykoterapi: möjligheter och hinder
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present thesis is to constitute a first step in the process of clarifying similarities and dissimilarities between Swedish psychotherapeutic orientations. Special emphasis is placed on the possibly facilitating or impeding nature of any differences that are revealed for the integration of orientations. The first study constitutes a survey of the literature, setting the theme of similarities and differences in its historical context. One finding in this study was that the founders of the dominant schools (i.e. Freud for the psychodynamic tradition, Skinner and Wolpe for behaviourism, Rogers for humanistic psychology and Beck for cognitive psychotherapy), all considered there to be effective ingredients in forms of therapy other than their own. The founders, with the exception of Rogers, did not, however, emphasize similarities to any great degree, but rather noted these in passing. Instead, the founders focussed heavily on clarifying those characteristics that typify and delineate their own schools of thought. Another finding in the first study, as regards the clinical development of theory and practice, was the increasing similarities between orientations. The same tendency was also in evidence in psychotherapy research, leading to the conclusion that this tendency towards greater integration can be expected to continue. This will probably entail a development in the direction of a common science of psychotherapy and a lesser role for the individual orientations. The second study comprised a questionnaire based survey of attitudes among a representative sample of Swedish psychotherapists, and an additional number of cognitive and cognitive behavioural therapists. There were four groups in the comparison: 161 psychodynamic therapists, 93 cognitive therapists, 95 cognitive behavioural therapists and 67 integrative/eclectic therapists. Important questions were views on the characteristics and execution of good therapy. There were many similarities, but more differences in attitude. Cognitive behavioural therapists formed the most distinct group, being in greatest contrast to the psychodynamic therapists. The cognitive and psychodynamic therapists had a good deal of common ground in their views on what constitutes a good therapist, whereas cognitive and cognitive behavioural therapists were closer in their views on treatment. The integrative/eclectic therapists were close to the psychodynamic therapists in their views in general. The conclusion of this study was that the differences between psychodynamic therapy on the one hand, and cognitive/cognitive behavioural on the other, in their views of psychotherapeutic technique, and to some degree science, are still of such a magnitude as to constitute an obstacle to integrating the orientations in such an enterprise as a common therapy training. It is, however, difficult to find any patent obstacles to an integration of the cognitive and cognitive behavioural orientations.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Billy, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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KBT-perspektivet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psykopatologi. C Fahlke & PM Johansson, red.. - Stockholm : Natur och Kultur. - 9789127119383 ; , s. 81-156
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Billy, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatfrågan kräver en ny global etik
- 2012
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Ingår i: Göteborgs Posten. - 1103-9345. ; :12 Augusti 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Billy, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Similarities and differences between practitioners of psychotherapy in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. ; 19:1, s. 34-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on similarities and differences between Swedish psychotherapists of four orientations: psychodynamic, cognitive, cognitive–behavioral, and integrative therapy. The aim is to describe similarities and differences regarding (a) background factors, (b) focus in psychotherapy, (c) attitudes toward psychotherapy as art/craftsmanship, (d) scientific outlook, (e) what characterizes a good psychotherapist, and (f) how psychotherapy ought to be pursued. The therapists had very similar attitudes about the therapeutic relationship and rather similar attitudes about which effects psychotherapy ought to obtain. The greatest differences were related to psychotherapeutic techniques and science. The results are discussed with emphasis on the distance or proximity between the orientations. The conclusion is that there are differences between psychodynamic psychotherapy compared with cognitive and cognitive–behavioral therapies, which imply difficulties in integrating these orientations. However, the differences between the cognitive and cognitive–behavioral therapists are not of such a magnitude that they necessarily present an obstacle to integration.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Billy, 1956
(författare)
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Therapists and their patients: Similarities and differences in attitudes between four psychotherapy orientations in Sweden
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to illuminate the possibilities and obstacles for therapists of different orientations to communicate and cooperate better with each other. Data was collected by a questionnaire named VEP-Q. Similarities and differences in attitudes between psychotherapists of four different orientations - working with adults in individual therapy - were surveyed. 416 therapists with an identity as either a psychodynamic (PDT), a cognitive (CT), a cognitive behavioral (CBT), or a integrative eclectic (IE) therapists, were compared. A client version of VEP-Q was distributed to patients. In Study I similarities and differences between the therapists of the four orientations were described regarding (1) background factors, (2) focus in psychotherapy, (3) attitudes towards psychotherapy as art/craftsmanship, (4) scientific outlook, (5) what characterizes a good psychotherapist, and (6) how psychotherapy ought to be pursued. The therapists had very similar attitudes about the therapeutic relationship and rather similar attitudes about which effects psychotherapy ought to obtain. The greatest differences were related to psychotherapeutic techniques and science. In Study II, a factor analysis regarding 17 items about to how psychotherapy ought to be pursued was conducted. The factor analysis resulted in three scales, a PDT, a CBT and a common factor (CF) scale. In addition to theoretical orientation, variables such as gender and basic professional training influenced how respondents answered the VEP-Q. In Study III, the aim was to investigate if psychotherapists misjudge other orientations following a pattern from group psychology; overrating positive aspects in their own group and having prejudiced attitudes towards other groups. The study showed that psychotherapists can evaluate correctly therapists of their own orientation. However, psychotherapists exaggerate the differences between their own and other orientations in a prejudiced way. In Study IV, patients’ preferences about how psychotherapy ought to be pursued were compared on a PDT, a CBT and a CF scale. The patients had rather similar preferences irrespective of which theoretical orientation they preferred. These similarities were also stable after being in psychotherapy. However, clients with a PDT therapist considered the PDT scale as more important than clients in other orientations did, and women rated the CF scale as more important than men did. The clients preferences were also compared with the therapists preferences. While the clients’ ratings centered around the scales midpoint, the therapists’ ratings differed more, and they often rated the scales higher than the clients did. The general conclusion in the thesis is that there still are important differences between theoretical orientations in psychotherapy, but the extent of these differences often are exaggerated, and the phenomena of ingroup/outgroup thinking among psychotherapists is an explanation to why the differences are exaggerated.
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