| 1. |
- Johnsdotter, Sara
(creator_code:cre_t, creator_code:res_t)
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Forskarnas galleri #2 : 6 om sex
- 2017
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Konstnärligt arbeteabstract
- Utgångspunkten är en presentation av sex forskare, knutna till Centrum för sexologi och sexualitetsstudier, som berättar om sina respektive forskningsfält. Utställningen består också av en tidslinje med nedslag i den svenska sexualitetshistorien, ett tittskåp med kuriosa och en samling litteratur. I en brevlåda kan besökaren kommentera eller ställa frågor till forskarna, svaren projiceras på väggen. Två offentliga samtal arrangeras och filmas; Sex och makt och Tema erotisk litteratur. I samband med utställningen visas konstprojektet "Kyss" där prästen och konstnären Kent Wisti och författaren Maria Küchen i bild och text tolkat Höga visan.
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| 2. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Anal incontinence after caesarean and vaginal delivery in Sweden : a national population-based study
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 393:10177, s. 1233-1239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Elective caesarean delivery is increasing rapidly in many countries, and one of the reasons might be that caesarean delivery is widely believed to protect against pelvic floor disorders, including anal incontinence. Previous studies on this issue have been small and with conflicting results. The aim of present study was to compare the risk of developing anal incontinence in women who had a caesarean delivery, in those who had a vaginal delivery, and in two age-matched control groups (nulliparous women and men).Methods: In this observational population-based study, we included all women in the Swedish Medical Birth Register who gave birth by caesarean delivery or vaginal delivery during 1973-2015 in Sweden and were diagnosed with anal incontinence according to ICD 8-10 in the Swedish National Patient Register during 2001-15. Exclusion criteria were multiple birth delivery, mixed vaginal and caesarean delivery, and four or more deliveries. We compared the diagnosis of anal incontinence between women previously delivered solely by caesarean delivery and those who solely had delivered vaginally. We also compared it with two age-matched control groups of nulliparous women and men from the Swedish Total Population Register. Finally, we analysed risk factors for anal incontinence in the caesarean delivery and vaginal delivery groups.Findings: 3 755 110 individuals were included in the study. Between 1973 and 2015, 185 219 women had a caesarean delivery only and 1 400 935 delivered vaginally only. 416 (0.22 %) of the 185 219 women in the caesarean delivery group were diagnosed with anal incontinence compared with 5171 (0.37%) of 1 400 935 women in the vaginal delivery group. The odds ratio (OR) for being diagnosed with anal incontinence after vaginal delivery compared with caesarean delivery was 1 center dot 65 (95% CI 1 center dot 49-1 center dot 82; p<0.0001). When the combination vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery was compared with the nulliparous control group, the OR of being diagnosed with anal incontinence was 2 center dot 05 (1 center dot 92-2 center dot 19; p<0.0001). For the nulliparous women compared with men, the OR for anal incontinence was 1 center dot 89 (1 center dot 75-2 center dot 05; p<0.0001). The strongest risk factors for anal incontinence after vaginal delivery were high maternal age, high birthweight of the child, and instrumental delivery. The only risk factor for anal incontinence after caesarean delivery was maternal age.Interpretation: The risk of developing anal incontinence increases after pregnancy and delivery. Women with known risk factors for anal incontinence should perhaps be offered a more qualified post-partum examination to enable early intervention in case of injury. Further knowledge for optimal management are needed. Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Olauson, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
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A novel missense mutation in GALNT3 causing hyperostosis-hyperphosphataemia syndrome
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - Bristol : BioScientifica Ltd. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 158:6, s. 929-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Hyperostosis–hyperphosphataemia syndrome (HHS) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by hyperphosphataemia, inappropriately normal or elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and localized painful cortical hyperostosis. HHS was shown to be caused by inactivating mutations in GALNT3, encoding UDP-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GalNAc-transferase; GALNT3). Herein,we sought to identify the genetic cause of hyperphosphataemia and tibial hyperostosis in a 19-year-old girl of Colombian origin. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted and sequencing analysis of the GALNT3 and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) genes performed. Serum levels of intact and C-terminal FGF23 were measured using two different ELISA methods. Results: Mutational analysis identified a novel homozygous missense mutation in exon 6 of GALNT3 (1584 GOA), leading to an amino acid shift from Arg to His at residue 438 (R438H). The mutation was not found in over 200 control alleles or in any single nucleotide polymorphism databases. The R438 residue is highly conserved throughout species and in all known GalNAc-transferase family members. Modelling predicted the substitution deleterious for protein structure. Importantly, the phosphaturic factor FGF23 was differentially processed, as reflected by low intact (15 pg/ml) but high C-terminal (839 RU/ml) serum FGF23 levels. Conclusions: We report on the first missense mutation in GALNT3 giving rise to HHS, since previous GALNT3 mutations in HHS caused aberrant splicing or premature truncation of the protein. The R438H substitution likely abrogates GALNT3 activity, in turn causing enhanced FGF23 degradation and subsequent hyperostosis/hyperphosphataemia.
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| 5. |
- Agaton, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression analysis by signature pyrosequencing
- 2002
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Ingår i: Gene. - 0378-1119 .- 1879-0038. ; 289:1-2, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a novel method for transcript profiling based on high-throughput parallel sequencing of signature tags using a non-gel-based microtiter plate format. The method relies on the identification of cDNA clones by pyrosequencing of the region corresponding to the 3'-end of the mRNA preceding the poly(A) tail. Simultaneously, the method can be used for gene discovery, since tags corresponding to unknown genes can be further characterized by extended sequencing. The protocol was validated using a model system for human atherosclerosis. Two 3'-tagged cDNA libraries, representing macrophages and foam cells, which are key components in the development of atherosclerotic plaques, were constructed using a solid phase approach. The libraries were analyzed by pyrosequencing, giving on average 25 bases. As a control, conventional expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing using slab gel electrophoresis was performed. Homology searches were used to identify the genes corresponding to each tag. Comparisons with EST sequencing showed identical, unique matches in the majority of cases when the pyrosignature was at least 18 bases. A visualization tool was developed to facilitate differential analysis using a virtual chip format. The analysis resulted in identification of genes with possible relevance for development of atherosclerosis. The use of the method for automated massive parallel signature sequencing is discussed.
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| 6. |
- All-Ericsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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c-Kit-dependent growth of uveal melanoma cells : a potential therapeutic target?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 45:7, s. 2075-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the expression and functional impact of the proto-oncogene c-kit in uveal melanoma. METHODS: Based on immunohistochemical (IHC) study of paraffin-embedded specimens from 134 uveal melanomas and Western blot analysis on eight fresh-frozen samples the expression of c-kit in uveal melanoma was studied. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of c-kit and the impact of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 was examined in the three uveal melanoma cell lines OCM-1, OCM-3, and 92-1. RESULTS: Eighty-four of 134 paraffin-embedded samples and six of eight fresh-frozen samples expressed c-kit. c-Kit was strongly expressed and tyrosine phosphorylated in cultured uveal melanoma cells compared with cutaneous melanoma cells. Moreover, in contrast to cutaneous melanoma cell lines c-kit maintained a high phosphorylation level in serum-depleted uveal melanoma cells. No activation-related mutations in exon 11 of the KIT gene were found. On the contrary, expression of the stem cell growth factor (c-kit ligand) was detected in all three uveal melanoma cell lines, suggesting the presence of autocrine (paracrine) stimulation pathways. Treatment of uveal melanoma cell lines with STI571, which blocks c-kit autophosphorylation, resulted in cell death. The IC(50) of the inhibitory effects on c-kit phosphorylation and cell proliferation was of equal size and less than 2.5 microM. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm that c-kit is vastly expressed in uveal melanoma, suggest that the c-kit molecular pathway may be important in uveal melanoma growth, and point to its use as a target for therapy with STI571.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Borg, David, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of podocalyxin-like protein is an independent prognostic biomarker in resected esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Clinical Pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6890. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL) is a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, the expression of which has been associated with poor prognosis in a range of malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PODXL expression on survival in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: The study cohort consists of a consecutive series of 174 patients with esophageal (including the gastroesophageal junction) or gastric adenocarcinoma, surgically treated between 2006 and 2010 and not subjected to neoadjuvant treatment. Immunohistochemical expression of PODXL was assessed in tissue microarrays with cores from primary tumors, lymph node metastases, intestinal metaplasia and adjacent normal epithelium. Survival analyses were performed on patients with no distant metastases and no macroscopic residual tumor. Results: In the majority of cases, expression of PODXL was significantly higher in cancer cells compared to normal epithelial cells and was significantly associated with lymph node metastases and high grade tumors. In esophageal adenocarcinoma, Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that patients with PODXL negative tumors had a superior time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) compared to patients with PODXL positive tumors. In gastric adenocarcinoma, patients with PODXL negative tumors had a superior TTR and a trend towards an improved OS. In esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma combined, the prognostic significance of PODXL expression on TTR was confirmed in unadjusted Cox regression analysis (HR = 5.36, 95 % CI 1.68-17.06, p = 0.005) and remained significant in the adjusted model (HR = 3.39, 95 % CI 1.01-11.35, p = 0.048). Moreover, the impact of PODXL expression on OS was also confirmed in unadjusted analysis (HR = 2.52, 95 % CI 1.31-4.85, p = 0.006) and remained significant in the adjusted model (HR = 2.03, 95 % CI 1.04-3.98, p = 0.039). Conclusions: In esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma, PODXL expression is an independent prognostic biomarker for reduced time to recurrence and poor overall survival. This is the first report on the prognostic role of PODXL in esophageal adenocarcinoma and validates recent findings in gastric cancer.
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| 9. |
- Borg, David, et al.
(författare)
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Podocalyxin-like protein as a predictive biomarker for benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5876. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We have previously shown that podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL) is a prognostic biomarker for poor survival in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with surgery up-front. The aim of the present study was to assess PODXL expression in tumors from patients treated with neoadjuvant ± adjuvant (i.e. preoperative with or without postoperative) chemotherapy, with regard to histopathologic response, time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS). Methods: The neoadjuvant cohort encompasses 148 consecutive patients who received neoadjuvant ± adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable gastric or esophageal adenocarcinoma between 2008 and 2014. Immunohistochemical expression of PODXL was assessed in pre-neoadjuvant biopsies, resected primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Histopathologic response was evaluated using the Chirieac grading. TTR and OS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. To investigate a potential predictive role for PODXL, the neoadjuvant cohort was pooled with the previously reported surgery up-front cohort. Results: The majority (> 95%) of the patients were treated with fluoropyrimidine- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients with high PODXL expression in their pre-neoadjuvant biopsies had a superior histopathologic response (notably 36% with no residual cancer cells) compared to those with negative or low PODXL expression, and were all recurrence-free at last follow-up. In the pooled cohort, no benefit of chemotherapy could be shown for PODXL negative cases, whereas PODXL positive (low or high) cases had a prolonged TTR and OS when treated with neoadjuvant ± adjuvant chemotherapy compared to surgery alone. The potential predictive role of PODXL was further strengthened for TTR in Cox regression analyses, especially for patients treated with neoadjuvant fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin for a minimum of 8 weeks, with a significant interaction term in both unadjusted (p = 0.006) and adjusted (p = 0.024) analyses. The interaction term was not statistically significant for overall survival. Conclusions: Patients with resectable gastric or esophageal adenocarcinoma with high PODXL expression in their diagnostic biopsies have an excellent prognosis when treated with neoadjuvant ± adjuvant fluoropyrimidine- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. If the suggested predictive role of PODXL for benefit of chemotherapy can be confirmed, patients with PODXL negative tumors could be spared chemotherapy and treated with surgery alone.
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| 10. |
- Engström, Andreas, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Lead aprons and thyroid collars: to be, or not to be?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection. - 1361-6498. ; 43:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time has a subjective component: to balance the effective dose reduction with the effort of carrying a heavy load. Occupational radiation exposure has decreased dramatically in the last century within the health care system. During the same period the use of lead aprons and thyroid collars has also gone up. Therefore, a question that may be raised is: how safe is safe enough? In order to promote stakeholder involvement, the aim of the present study was to investigate staff's experience of discomforts associated with wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time, and also to investigate staff's willingness to tolerate personal dose equivalent (expressed as radiation dose) and the corresponding increase in future cancer risk to avoid wearing these protective tools. A questionnaire was developed and given to staff working in operating or angiography rooms at Skaraborg Hospital in Sweden. The results from the 245 respondents showed that 51% experienced bothersome warmth, 36% experienced fatigue and 26% experienced ache or pain that they believed was associated with wearing lead aprons. One third of the respondents would tolerate a personal dose equivalent of 1 mSv per year to avoid wearing lead aprons, but only a fifth would tolerate the corresponding increase in future cancer risk (from 43% to 43.2%). In conclusion, discomforts associated with wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time are common for the staff using them. At the same time, only a minority of the staff would tolerate a small increase in future cancer risk to avoid wearing them. The present study gives an example of stakeholder involvement and points at the difficulties in making reasonable decisions about the use of these protective tools.
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