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- Sjöberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of population exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 in Sweden 2005
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The population exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 in ambient air for the year 2005 has been quantified (annualand daily mean concentrations) and the health and associated economic consequences have beencalculated based on these results. The PM10 urban background concentrations are found to be ratherlow compared to the environmental standard for the annual mean (40 μg/m3) in most of the country.However, in some parts, mainly in southern Sweden, the concentrations were of the same magnitude asthe environmental objective (20 μg/m3 as an annual mean) for the year 2010. The majority of people,90%, were exposed to annual mean concentrations of PM10 less than 20 μg/m3. Less than 1% of theSwedish inhabitants experienced exposure levels of PM10 above 25 μg/m3. The urban backgroundconcentrations of PM2.5 were in the same order of magnitude as the environmental objective (12 μg/m3as an annual mean for the year 2010) in quite a large part of the country. About 50% of the populationwas exposed to PM2.5 annual mean concentrations less than 10 μg/m3, while less than 2% experiencedlevels above 15 μg/m3.Using a cut off at 5 μg/m3 of PM10 as the annual mean (roughly excluding natural PM) and sourcespecific ER-functions, we estimate approximately 3 400 premature deaths per year. Together with1 300 - 1 400 new cases of chronic bronchitis, around 1 400 hospital admissions and some 4.5-5 millionRADs, the societal cost for health impacts is estimated at approximately 26 billion SEK per year. ForPM2.5 we estimate somewhat lower numbers, approximately 3 100 premature deaths per year.The results suggest that the health effects related to high annual mean levels of PM can be valued toannual socio-economic costs (welfare losses) of ~26 billion Swedish crowns (SEK) during 2005.Approximately 1.4 of these 26 billion SEK consist of productivity losses for society. Furthermore, theamount of working and studying days lost constitutes some ~0.1% of the total amount of working andstudying days in Sweden during 2005.
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| 3. |
- Arnberg, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits of the in-between : Swedish men’s magazines and sex films 1965–1975
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sexuality & Culture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1095-5143 .- 1936-4822. ; 18:2, s. 310-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes a content-based market position that developed during the mid-1960s, situated in-between the pornographic and the accepted. By studying Swedish men’s magazines and sex films from the time period, the argument is made that these media products profited from both the advantages of pornography, i.e., more or less sexual explicit images, and the advantages of the accepted, i.e., common distribution channels, the possibility of having regular advertising and placards and being sold in ordinary kiosks (for magazines) and shown at ordinary cinemas (for films). For some years, this balancing act between the accepted and the pornographic was maintained, and the genre became enormously popular. From the mid-1970s onward, however, the division between pornography and accepted media became more clear-cut. The critique against pornography and the in-between media products intensified, and the uncertainty about pornography’s future role after the legalization in 1971 was followed by new ways of separating the pornographic from the accepted. While there were some differences between the two media formats, such as their degree of internationalization and the importance of advertising, they shared much in terms of content formulas and used the same female actors and models. It is argued that both formal regulations and the informal norms of gender and sexuality at the time and their change throughout the 1970s are key for understanding the development and the disappearance of the in-between genre.
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| 6. |
- Bergsten, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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En preliminär studie av samverkan kring den pågående miljöprövningen av vattenkraft : lärdomar inför de fortsatta processerna
- 2023
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Energiöverenskommelsen från 2016 slår fast att alla Sverigesvattenkraftverk ska förses med moderna miljövillkor. Idagsläget bedrivs många anläggningar med gamla tillståndmed lägre satta miljökrav än vad som behövs för att uppfyllanationella miljökvalitetsmål och EU:s vattendirektiv (Prop.2017/18:228; Prop. 2017/18:243). För att uppfylla dagensmiljökrav kan det i vissa fall komma att kräva att kraftverkenminskar sin produktion. Samtidigt har vattenkraften encentral roll i det svenska elsystemet – en roll som förstärksi och med samhällets elektrifiering och det ökade behovetav fossilfri el. Ambitionen är att moderna miljövillkor skasäkerställa både största möjliga nytta för vattenmiljön samtidigtsom en effektiv tillgång till vattenkraftsel bibehålls.Hela miljöomprövningen väntas ta omkring 20 år. För atteffektivisera och göra den komplexa processen mer legitim har kollaborativ styrning i form av samverkan mellan olikaintressenter introducerats.
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| 7. |
- Drake af Hagelsrum, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare professionals’ experiences of lifestyle management in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis : A qualitative study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. ; , s. 239-240
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease that mainly affects joints and with symptoms such as stiffness, pain, and increased fatigue. RA also appears to be an independent risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, why national and international guidelines recommend proper pharmacological treatment together with a healthy lifestyle (1). Supporting people with early RA to achieve and maintain a healthy lifestyle is therefore of great importance. However, few studies have explored healthcare professionals’ views of working with lifestyle management. A healthy lifestyle does not only have the potential to lower cardiovascular risk but may also improve a person’s quality of life.Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals´ experiences of lifestyle management in patients with early RA.Methods: In this explorative qualitative study, individual interviews were conducted with 20 healthcare professionals who had a mean of 16 years of professional experience in the field of working with patients with RA. An interview guide with open-ended questions was used e.g.: “How do you work with lifestyle changes in patients with RA?” and “What theories do you use to support lifestyle changes?” Qualitative content analysis was used, where three categories emerged: “The importance of a well-functioning organization”, “The importance of teamwork” and “The importance of person-centered care” and nine subcategories, representing the overall content of the interviews ( Table 1 ).
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| 8. |
- Drake af Hagelsrum, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare Professionals’ Experiences Of Lifestyle management In Patients With Early Rheumatoidarthritis – A Qualitative Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: ReumaBulletinen. - Stockholm : Svensk reumatologisk förening. - 2000-2246 .- 2001-8061. ; 154:4, s. 60-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory systemicdisease that mainly affects joints and with symptoms such asstiffness, pain, and increased fatigue. RA also appears to be anindependent risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis withan increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, why national andinternational guidelines recommend proper pharmacologicaltreatment together with a healthy lifestyle (1). Supportingpeople with early RA to achieve and maintain a healthy lifestyleis therefore of great importance. However, few studies haveexplored healthcare professionals’ views of working with lifestylemanagement. A healthy lifestyle does not only have the potential tolower cardiovascular risk but may also improve a person’s qualityof life.Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals´experiences of lifestyle management in patients with early RA.Methods: In this explorative qualitative study, individual interviews wereconducted with 20 healthcare professionals who had a mean of 16years of professional experience in the field of working with patientswith RA. An interview guide with open-ended questions was usede.g.: “How do you work with lifestyle changes in patients withRA?“ and “What theories do you use to support lifestyle changes?”Qualitative content analysis was used, where three categoriesemerged: “The importance of a well-functioning organization“,“The importance of teamwork“ and “The importance of personcenteredcare” and nine subcategories, representing the overallcontent of the interviews (table 1).Results: Healthcare professionals’ experiences of lifestyle managementin patients with early RA included the importance of a wellfunctioningorganization with supportive leadership, priority oflifestyle management, and competence development in lifestylemanagement. The importance of teamwork was emphasizedincluding interdisciplinary team, professional expertise in lifestylehabits, and structured approach to lifestyle management. The healthcare professionals also highlighted the importance of personcenteredcare with individually tailored lifestyle management,shared decision-making, and patient engagement.Conclusion: Healthcare professionals’ experiences of lifestyle managementin patients with early RA reveal that commitment from both themanagement, the team, and the patient is important.References: 1. Agca R, Heslinga SC, Rollefstad S, et al. EULAR recommendationsfor cardiovascular disease risk management in patients withrheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory jointdisorders: 2015/2016 update. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:17-28.
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| 9. |
- Drake Af Hagelsrum, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare professionals' perceptions of working on lifestyle management for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis – a qualitative study
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To explore HPs' perceptions of working on lifestyle management for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: In this qualitative study, individual interviews were conducted with 20 HPs. Qualitative content analysis was used, and three categories and six subcategories were identified. RESULTS: HPs' perceptions of working on lifestyle management for patients with early RA revealed a need for commitment from different levels. This included commitment from healthcare managers and organizations prioritizing work on lifestyle management and providing competence development for HPs. Commitment within the team regarding coordination of interdisciplinary teamwork and development of a structured lifestyle management approach, and commitment to involving patients in lifestyle management, by facilitating patient engagement and a person-centred approach. CONCLUSIONS: HPs' perceptions of working on lifestyle management for patients with early RA revealed that commitment from healthcare managers, organizations, and the interdisciplinary team was essential to facilitate collaboration, patient involvement, and a person-centred approach. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 10. |
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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