| 1. |
- Andersson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Worse survival for TP53 (p53)-mutated breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant CMF
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ann Oncol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 16:5, s. 743-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: TP53 has been described as a prognostic factor in many malignancies, including breast cancer. Whether it also might be a predictive factor with reference to chemo- and endocrine therapy is more controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated relapse-free (RFS), breast cancer-corrected (BCCS) and overall survival (OS) related to TP53 status in node-positive breast cancer patients that had received polychemotherapy [cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF)] and/or endocrine therapy (tamoxifen). Sequence analyses of the whole TP53 coding region was performed in 376 patients operated on for primary breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastases between 1984 and 1989 (median follow-up time 84 months). RESULTS: TP53 mutations were found in 105 patients (28%). We found 90 (82%) of the 110 mutations in the more frequently analysed exons 5-8, while the other 20 (18%) were located in exons 3-4 and 9-10, respectively. Univariate analyses showed TP53 to be a significant prognostic factor with regard to RFS, BCCS and OS in patients who received adjuvant CMF. CONCLUSIONS: TP53 mutations might induce resistance to certain modalities of breast cancer therapy. Sequence-determined TP53 mutation was of negative prognostic value in the total patient population and in the CMF treated patients.
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| 2. |
- Dahlin, Erika, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Transfer of learning after updating training mediated by the striatum
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 320:5882, s. 1510-1512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process-specific training can improve performance on untrained tasks, but the magnitude of gain is variable and often there is no transfer at all. We demonstrate transfer to a 3-back test of working memory after 5 weeks of training in updating. The transfer effect was based on a joint training-related activity increase for the criterion (letter memory) and transfer tasks in a striatal region that also was recruited pretraining. No transfer was observed to a task that did not engage updating and striatal regions, and age-related striatal changes imposed constraints on transfer. These findings indicate that transfer can occur if the criterion and transfer tasks engage specific overlapping processing components and brain regions.
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| 3. |
- Gabrielsson, Britt, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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High expression of complement components in omental adipose tissue in obese men.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Obesity research. - : Wiley. - 1071-7323 .- 1550-8528. ; 11:6, s. 699-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Accumulation of visceral fat is recognized as a predictor of obesity-related metabolic disturbances. Factors that are predominantly expressed in this depot could mediate the link between visceral obesity and associated diseases. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 10 obese men. Gene expression was analyzed by DNA microarrays in triplicate and by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum C3 and C4 were analyzed by radial immunodiffusion assays in 91 subjects representing a cross section of the general population. Body composition was measured by computerized tomography. RESULTS: Complement components C2, C3, C4, C7, and Factor B had higher expression in omental compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue ( approximately 2-, 4-, 17-, 10-, and 7-fold, respectively). In addition, adipsin, which belongs to the alternative pathway, and the classical pathway components C1QB, C1R, and C1S were expressed in both depots. Analysis of tissue distribution showed high expression of C2, C3, and C4 in omental adipose tissue, and only liver had higher expression of these genes. Serum C3 levels correlated with both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in both men (r = 0.65 and p < 0.001 and r = 0.52 and p < 0.001, respectively) and women (r = 0.34 and p = 0.023 and r = 0.49 and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas C4 levels correlated with only visceral fat in men (r = 0.36, p = 0.015) and with both depots in women (visceral: r = 0.58, p < 0.001; and subcutaneous: r = 0.51, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Recent studies show that the metabolic syndrome is associated with chronically elevated levels of several immune markers, some of which may have metabolic effects. The high expression of complement genes in intra-abdominal adipose tissue might suggest that the complement system is involved in the development of visceral adiposity and/or contributes to the metabolic complications associated with increased visceral fat mass.
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| 4. |
- Jeppson, Kjell, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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A New Master's Program in Integrated Electronic System Design
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Workshop on Microelectronics Education. ; EWME 2008:Budapest
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the formation of a new Master’s program in Integrated Electronic System Design (IESD). The main ideas behind the program are; 1) Two parallel introductory courses in the first study quarter: One rather practical top-down VHDL-oriented course, and one more theoretical bottom-up silicon-oriented digital VLSI design course. 2) A new broad course focusing on design methodologies from Electronic System Level (ESL) to VLSI, with hands-on emphasis on ASIC backend methodologies. 3) A large project during the first year spring semester in which the knowledge gained during the fall is utilized in design and verification using several complementing technology platforms. 4) Re-use of existing advanced specialist courses (formal methods, computer architecture, and analog VLSI design).
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| 5. |
- Bonitz, Sabine, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical investigation of crossflow separation on the a-pillar of a passenger car
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Fluids Engineering, Transactions of the ASME. - : ASME International. - 1528-901X .- 0098-2202. ; 140:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flow around passenger cars is characterized by many different separation structures, typically leading to vortices and areas of reversed flow. The flow phenomena in these patches show a strong interaction and the evolution of flow structures is difficult to understand from a physical point of view. Analyzing surface properties, such as pressure, vorticity, or shear stress, helps to identify different phenomena, but still it is not well understood how these are created. This paper investigates the crossflow separation (CFS) on the A-pillar of a passenger car using numerical simulations. It is discussed how the CFS and the resulting A-pillar vortex can be identified as well as how it is created. Additionally, the vortex strength is determined by its circulation to understand and discuss how the vortex preserves until it merges with the rear wake of the vehicle.
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| 6. |
- Bonitz, Sabine, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Unsteady pressure analysis of the near wall flow downstream of the front wheel of a passenger car under yaw conditions
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-727X. ; 73, s. 188-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flow around passenger cars is complex and is characterized by many different structures and interactions. The occurring flow phenomena around a car determine crucial vehicle properties such as the driving stability, the noise level, the aerodynamic performance and the vehicle contamination. Therefore, it is of high importance to increase the understanding of the developing flow phenomena. Generic models are widely used to investigate flow structures and their interactions, but cannot serve to derive a general flow field for detailed full-scale vehicle models. A particularly complex area is the flow around the wheels and its interaction with the vehicle geometry. Studies on wheel-wheelhouse flow focus mainly on the geometrical influence of the wheel size, rim and tyre on the aerodynamic drag and the flow field close to the wheel. The present work investigates the flow behind the front wheel arch of a full-scale passenger car. Time resolved surface pressure measurements were taken to study the near wall flow under different yaw conditions. Based on the data obtained, flow structures are identified and their propagation speed is calculated. Further, characteristic frequencies observed are discussed. It is found that coherent structures are present behind the front wheel arch, one above the wheel centre height and one below it. These remain even under large yaw angles, no matter if the vehicle is yawed to lee- or windward. The investigation further shows that two characteristic frequencies can be found, St=0.03 and St=0.2, whereby the latter is caused by the wheel rotation. The same frequencies also occur under yaw conditions, but yawing the measurement area to leeward results in less pronounced frequency peaks.
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| 7. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 8. |
- Fjällbrant, Harald, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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BCG scar and tuberculin reactivity in children and adults.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 40:5, s. 387-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination generally leads to scar formation and tuberculin skin test (TST) reactivity. This study aimed at analysing these 2 parameters and their correlation in a setting with a low prevalence of tuberculosis. Retrospectively, we analysed 314 children and 390 adults living in Sweden and known from records or individual recall to have undergone BCG vaccination. A BCG scar was present in 161 (51%) of the children and in 340 (87%) of the adults. Among children with a scar, 94 (58%) were TST-positive (>/=6 mm) compared to 23 (15%) of 154 children lacking a visible scar. Among adults with a scar, 258 (76%) were TST- positive compared to 23 (46%) of 50 with no scar. Out of 152 non-vaccinated adults, 142 (94.4%) were TST-negative. When 175 TST-negative health care students were BCG-vaccinated in a prospective part of the study, 174 (99%) were found to develop a scar. In essence, the study showed a positive correlation between scar presence and TST reactivity. Furthermore, BCG vaccination of adults in the present setting resulted in consistent scar formation, while scar prevalence in previously vaccinated children was low.
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| 9. |
- Fjällbrant, Harald, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Primary vaccination and revaccination of young adults with BCG: a study using immunological markers.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:9, s. 792-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questions have been raised about the effectiveness of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) in adults. We therefore analysed the immune response after BCG vaccination in primary-vaccinated and revaccinated young adults. 31 tuberculin skin test (TST) negative healthy students were BCG-vaccinated; 15 were primary-vaccinated and 16 revaccinated. Tuberculin-induced lymphocyte transformation (LT) and cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied before BCG vaccination, as well as after 2 months and 1 y. In the primary-vaccinated as well as the revaccinated group the LT response increased after 2 months and remained significantly higher than baseline values after 1 y. In both groups the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels increased significantly after 2 months and the increase was maintained after 1 y. LT increased more in the revaccinated group than in the primary-vaccinated group, while the increase in IFN-gamma response did not differ between the 2 groups. Both primary vaccination and revaccination of TST negative young adults caused a significant increase in the T-helper 1-type immune response, suggesting a protective effect against TB. The present in vitro results thus support the policy in several low-endemic countries of primary vaccination as well as revaccination of young adults at risk of TB exposure.
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| 10. |
- Gummesson, Anders, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Relations of Adipose Tissue Cell Death-Inducing DFFA-like Effector A Gene Expression to Basal Metabolic Rate, Energy Restriction and Obesity: Population-based and Dietary Intervention Studies.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 92:12, s. 4759-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A (CIDEA) could be a potential target for the treatment of obesity via the modulation of metabolic rate, based on the findings that CIDEA inhibits the brown adipose tissue uncoupling process in rodents. Objective: To investigate the putative link between CIDEA and basal metabolic rate in humans, and to further elucidate the role of CIDEA in human obesity. Design: We have explored CIDEA gene expression in adipose tissue in two different human studies: A cross-sectional and population-based study assessing body composition and metabolic rate (Mölndal Metabolic study, n=92), and a longitudinal intervention-study of obese subjects treated with a very low calorie diet (VLCD study, n=24). Results: The CIDEA gene was predominantly expressed in adipocytes as compared to other human tissues. CIDEA gene expression in adipose tissue was inversely associated with basal metabolic rate independently of body composition, age and gender (p=0.014). VLCD induced an increase in adipose tissue CIDEA expression (p<0.0001) with a subsequent decrease in response to refeeding (p<0.0001). Reduced CIDEA gene expression was associated with a high body fat content (p<0.0001) and with high insulin levels (p<0.01). No dysregulation of CIDEA expression was observed in individuals with the metabolic syndrome when compared with BMI-matched controls. In a separate sample of VLCD-treated subjects (n=10), uncoupling protein 1 expression was reduced during diet (p=0.0026) and inversely associated with CIDEA expression (p=0.0014). Conclusion: The findings are consistent with the concept that CIDEA plays a role in adipose tissue energy expenditure.
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