| 1. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Coal tar-containing asphalt : Resource or hazardous waste?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 11:4, s. 99-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coal tar was used in Sweden for the production of asphalt and for the drenching of stabilization gravel until 1973. The tar has high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), some of which may be strongly carcinogenic. Approximately 20 million tonnes of tar-containing asphalt is present in the public roads in Sweden. Used asphalt from rebuilding can be classified as hazardous waste according to the Swedish Waste Act. The cost of treating the material removed as hazardous waste can be very high due to the large amount that has to be treated, and the total environmental benefit is unclear. The transport of used asphalt to landfill or combustion will affect other environmental targets. The present project, based on three case studies of road projects in Sweden, evaluates the consequences of four scenarios for handling the material: reuse, landfill, biological treatment, and incineration. The results show that reuse of the coal tar-containing materials in new road construction is the most favorable alternative in terms of cost, material use, land use, energy consumption, and air emissions.
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| 2. |
- Hammarström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective evaluation of a combination of fungal biomarkers for the diagnosis of invasive fungal disease in high-risk haematology patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Mycoses. - : Wiley. - 0933-7407 .- 1439-0507. ; 61:9, s. 623-632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prospectively evaluated a combination of fungal biomarkers in adult haematology patients with focus on their clinical utility at different time points during the course of infection. In total, 135 patients were monitored once to twice weekly for serum (1-3)-ß-d-glucan (BG), galactomannan (GM), bis-methyl-gliotoxin and urinary d-arabinitol/l-arabinitol ratio. In all, 13 cases with proven or probable invasive fungal disease (IFD) were identified. The sensitivity of BG and GM at the time of diagnosis (TOD) was low, but within 2 weeks from the TOD the sensitivity of BG was 92%. BG >800 pg/mL was highly specific for IFD. At a pre-test probability of 12%, both BG and GM had negative predictive values (NPV) >0.9 but low positive predictive values (PPV). In a subgroup analysis of patients with clinically suspected IFD (pre-test probability of 35%), the NPV was lower, but the PPV for BG was 0.86 at cut-off 160 pg/mL. Among IFD patients, 91% had patterns of consecutively positive and increasing BG levels. Bis-methyl-gliotoxin was undetectable in 15 patients with proven, probable and possible IA. To conclude, BG was the superior fungal marker for IFD diagnosis. Quantification above the limit of detection and graphical evaluation of the pattern of dynamics are warranted in the interpretation of BG results.
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| 3. |
- Hård, Ernest, 1925, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
- 1985
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Ingår i: Physiology & behavior. - 0031-9384. ; 35:4, s. 487-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain (SHR) were compared with inbred normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY) and with normally bred Wistar rats (NT) in tests on the audiogenic immobility reaction (freezing), open-field behavior in a dark and an enlightened arena respectively, auditory startle response and male sexual behavior. Compared to the WKYs the SHRs showed increased locomotion and rearing in the open-field situations, reduced startle response and shortened immobility reaction. The SHRs differed in the same way from the NT rats with the exception for motor activity in the dark arena, where no differences were observed. The WKY rats showed less motor activity than the NT animals. Both SH and WKY rats showed shorter latency time for ejaculation than the NT rats. The characteristics of the behavior patterns displayed by the SH rats were interpreted as indicating a reduced propensity for fear reactions in this strain of rats compared to the WKY and NT strains used in the present study.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Anna, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Is an alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive mechanism involved in the neurochemical, stimulatory, and rewarding effects of ethanol?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Alcohol. ; 34:2-3, s. 239-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethanol and nicotine are the most commonly abused drugs among human beings, and a large body of evidence, from both epidemiologic and preclinical studies, indicates that there is a positive correlation between intake of both drugs. Findings of studies from our research group have demonstrated that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially those located in the ventral tegmental area, are important for the stimulatory, rewarding, and dopamine-enhancing effects of ethanol. Furthermore, results of recent work indicate that the alpha4beta2* and the alpha7* receptor subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors do not seem to be involved in the neurochemical and behavioral effects of ethanol in rodents. The aim of the current study was to investigate further the role of different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in the stimulatory, dopamine-enhancing, and rewarding effects of ethanol in rodents by using the peptide alpha-conotoxin MII (5 nmol; an antagonist of the alpha3beta2*, beta3*, and alpha6* subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) administered locally into the ventral tegmental area. A significant reduction of ethanol-induced accumbal dopamine overflow, measured by means of in vivo microdialysis, and of locomotor stimulation was observed in mice. Furthermore, alpha-conotoxin MII was demonstrated to reduce voluntary ethanol intake significantly in both rats and mice. These results indicate that alpha-conotoxin MU-sensitive receptors may be important in mediating the stimulatory, dopamine-enhancing, and rewarding effects of ethanol, and that alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive receptors may constitute targets for development of new adjuvant for treatment of ethanol dependence.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Anna, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Role of different nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mediating behavioral and neurochemical effects of ethanol in mice.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Alcohol. ; 28:3, s. 157-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethanol and nicotine are the most abused drugs, and it is well known that co-abuse of ethanol and nicotine is frequent in human beings. We have previously obtained results indicating that the ethanol-induced stimulation of both the mesolimbic dopamine system and locomotor activity may involve activation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), especially those located in the ventral tegmental area. Different subpopulations of nAChRs have been identified, and, in the present series of experiments, we have studied the effects of various nAChR antagonists on the stimulation of dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens and on locomotor activity induced by ethanol in male mice. Ethanol (2.0 g/kg, i.p.) enhanced dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens by approximately 40%, measured by means of in vivo microdialysis in awake, freely moving mice. Mecamylamine (negative allosteric modulator of nAChR; 2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) blocked the ethanol-induced stimulation of both locomotor activity and accumbal dopamine overflow. Methyllycaconitine citrate (alpha(7) antagonist; 2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (competitive and selective alpha(4)beta(2) antagonist; 0.5 mg/kg, s.c.), in doses that had no marked effects per se, did not significantly reduce the behavioral and neurochemical stimulation caused by ethanol. The present results support the suggestion that the stimulatory effects of ethanol on locomotor activity and dopamine release do not involve the alpha(4)beta(2) or alpha(7) subunit compositions of the nAChR and that the effects of mecamylamine are mediated through a site not directly associated with the alpha(4)beta(2) or alpha(7) nAChR subunits.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Anna, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Voluntary ethanol intake increases extracellular acetylcholine levels in the ventral tegmental area in the rat.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 40:5, s. 349-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Concurrent use of ethanol and nicotine (tobacco) is often seen in human beings. In previous animal experiments, we have demonstrated that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially alpha-conotoxin MII and mecamylamine sensitive receptors located in the ventral tegmental area may be involved in the stimulatory, dopamine enhancing, and rewarding effects of ethanol in rodents. Ethanol may exert these effects via direct interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and/or indirectly via enhancement of extracellular acetylcholine levels in the ventral tegmental area. The present experiments investigated a possible indirect effect of ethanol in stimulating the mesoaccumbal dopamine system. METHODS: Neurochemical effects of voluntary ethanol intake on extracellular ventral tegmental acetylcholine and accumbal dopamine levels were measured by means of in vivo microdialysis with a two-probe approach in freely moving rats. RESULTS: Obtained data indicate that voluntary ethanol intake ( approximately 0.7 g/kg/h) leads to an increase of extracellular acetylcholine levels in the ventral tegmental area, and an almost time-locked increase of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. A positive correlation between the ventral tegmental acetylcholine levels and ethanol intake as well as preference was also observed. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that voluntary ethanol intake enhances extracellular ventral tegmental acetylcholine that may interact with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, possibly alpha-conotoxin MII sensitive receptors, localized in the ventral tegmental area that subsequently may stimulate dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Lennart, 1952-
(författare)
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300 år av kriser
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nya horisonter. Magasin från Uppsala universitet. ; 1:2, s. 9-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Lennart, 1952-
(författare)
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En ”mer l. mindre stor” stor ordbok – om variationerna i SAOB:s omfång och ambitionsnivå
- 2014
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Ingår i: Stora ordböcker i Norden. ; , s. 61-79
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first section of The Swedish Academy Dictionary (SAOB), describing the Swedish language from 1521 to the present, was published already in 1893. When the dictionary is finished in a few years, it will comprise thirty-eight volumes. During this span of over 120 years, its level of ambition (and accordingly, its scope) has varied considerably. As shown in the paper, four periods can be distinguished: two periods (until c. 1920 and c. 1960–2002) when the ambition was to account for virtually all words and uses of words that were documented, and two periods (c. 1920–1960 and c. 2002 onwards) when quite strict rules of restriction steered the work. After summing up these rules, the paper gives examples of how the varying levels of ambition are reflected both in the selection of lemmas and in the (more or less exhaustive) way they are addressed.
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Lennart, 1952-
(författare)
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En nyliberal ordlista
- 2019
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Ingår i: LexicoNordica. - 0805-2735 .- 1891-2206. ; 26, s. 251-258
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Recension (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recension: Hanna Alvage, Elin Lilleman Eriksson & Saga Gärde (red.). Nyliberal ordlista. Bokförlaget Atlas 2018
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