| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
- Knief, Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza causes mass mortality in Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis breeding colonies across north-western Europe
- 2024
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Ingår i: Bird conservation international. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0959-2709 .- 1474-0001. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2022, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b became enzootic and caused mass mortality in Sandwich TernThalasseus sandvicensis and other seabird species across north-western Europe. We present data on the characteristics of the spread of the virus between and within breeding colonies and the number of dead adult Sandwich Terns recorded at breeding sites throughout north-western Europe. Within two months of the first reported mortalities, 20,531 adult Sandwich Terns were found dead, which is >17% of the total north-western European breeding population. This is probably an under-representation of total mortality, as many carcasses are likely to have gone unnoticed and unreported. Within affected colonies, almost all chicks died. After the peak of the outbreak, in a colony established by late breeders, 25.7% of tested adults showed immunity to HPAI subtype H5. Removal of carcasses was associated with lower levels of mortality at affected colonies. More research on the sources and modes of transmission, incubation times, effective containment, and immunity is urgently needed to combat this major threat for colonial seabirds.
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| 3. |
- Matthaeus, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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EHD2-mediated restriction of caveolar dynamics regulates cellular fatty acid uptake
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 117:13, s. 7471-7481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eps15-homology domain containing protein 2 (EHD2) is a dynamin-related ATPase located at the neck of caveolae, but its physiological function has remained unclear. Here, we found that global genetic ablation of EHD2 in mice leads to increased lipid droplet size in fat tissue. This organismic phenotype was paralleled at the cellular level by increased fatty acid uptake via a caveolae- and CD36-dependent pathway that also involves dynamin. Concomitantly, elevated numbers of detached caveolae were found in brown and white adipose tissue lacking EHD2, and increased caveolar mobility in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. EHD2 expression itself was down-regulated in the visceral fat of two obese mouse models and obese patients. Our data suggest that EHD2 controls a cell-autonomous, caveolae-dependent fatty acid uptake pathway and imply that low EHD2 expression levels are linked to obesity.
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| 4. |
- Asplund, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Condition monitoring of rolling stock wheels : approach towards maintenance decision making
- 2014
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Ingår i: 27th International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering (COMADEM 2014). - : COMADEM International.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the more or less fixed inherent capacity of a railway system, capacity consuming events like failures within a railway network should be kept to a minimum. This could be achieved by the use of existing and new condition monitoring systems which can detect, report and predict failure events in an early stage. Demands for higher service quality, higher capacity, network availability and track quality together with less human intervention on tracks, drive the development of railway condition monitoring systems.Failure driven capacity consumption due to worn or defected rolling stock wheels have a big impact on the capacity and the infrastructure condition. Wheel defects such as out-of-round wheels, generates high forces, and could result in large capacity consumption especially for areas with cold climate conditions. Bad wheels cause even higher track wear that reduce the life length of the track. Wheels with fatigue defects could also influence the track safety issues. This paper presents how different wheel defects can be monitored; together with a review of the most common wayside condition monitoring systems on the Swedish railway network. The study also describes how the decision making process could take advantage of the condition monitoring data in order to increase the achieved network capacity.
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| 5. |
- Asplund, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Inspection of railway turnouts using camera
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The railway turnout is an essential component in a railway system, used to divert traffic along different tracks. A turnout includes a number of different parts, including the switch blade, frog, point machine, switch roller, soleplate, check rail, wing rail, drive rods, control rods and other bars. These parts must be kept in good condition, meeting functional and safety requirements. Failing to comply will result in a reduction of the network’s capacity with economic consequences. Not honouring the safety limits could result in severe accidents, including derailment, causing human casualties. By performing the right type of inspection and/or maintenance at the right time, these unwanted events can be reduced. To determine if and when a maintenance action should be performed, the condition of the turnout must be established, usually by manual inspections or with measurement vehicles. The drawback is the discrete nature of these inspection events. Failure modes with development times shorter than the inspection interval could result in a malfunction of the unit. An on-line measurement system would be able to deal with these failure events and initiate correct maintenance actions at an earlier stage. With an on-line system, remotely located turnouts could be inspected without on-site personnel. Capacity consuming failures of turnouts with a strategic location or with bottleneck characteristics could also be corrected before they affect traffic. This paper describes a feasibility study of a camera based inspection system for turnouts and discusses the effect the method could have on system reliability and capacity.
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| 6. |
- Asplund, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport avseende hjulprofilmätare i Sunderbyn
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrunden till projektets genomförande har varit den ökande mängden rälsbyten och mängden trafik med 30 tons axellast på Malmbanan. Spårunderhållet och hjulunderhållet har idag de överlägset högsta underhållskostnaderna av järnvägens olika system. Hjulprofilmätaren sågs som en möjlighet att kunna plocka ut de hjul som närmade sig underhållsgränserna för slitage, och därigenom kunna styra underhållet mer kostnadseffektivt.LKAB och Trafikverket enades därför att sätta upp ett gemensamt projekt där en ny typ av mätutrustning utprovades. För att få stöd med datalagring, bearbetning av data mm anlitades LTU och eMaintenanceLAB. Syftet med projektet har varit att undersöka och verifiera att en utrustning för automatisk hjulprofilmätning kan klara av att registrera och larma vid hjulpassager som avviker från de säkerhetsgränser och underhållsgränser som definieras i projektet med hänsyn till vårt klimat och våra förhållanden på Malmbanan. Den bärande idén i detta projekt har varit att man genom en kontinuerlig mätning av hjulprofiler ska kunna ta ut fordon ur trafik innan den avvikande hjulprofilen ger upphov till ett accelererande hjul- och rälslitage och därigenom sänka underhållskostnaden och öka livslängden på både hjul och räl. Projektet har även lett till en högre säkerhet på spåret då man kan mäta hjul som passerat säkerhetsgränsen för hjulparametrar och plockar bort dem, detta var inte var möjligt tidigare. De slutsatser som kan dras från detta projekt är följande:• Utvecklingsprojekt kan med fördel genomföras gemensamt mellan industri, infrastrukturförvaltare och akademi. • För att säkerställa ett bra resultat är det viktigt att genomföra alla steg i ett projekt från koncept till överlämnande. Som stöd för detta har V-modellen används som representerar livscykeln för systemet enligt EN-50126.• Val av tekniklösning och leverantör har gjorts utifrån tekniknivå, referensanläggningar samt drift- och supportmöjlighet och inte enbart utifrån pris. Ett utvecklingsprojekt likt detta handlar inte primärt om att få en utrustning i drift utan överföring av ”know how” kring vilka möjligheter och begränsningar det finns med denna teknik.• Resursbehovet för test och utvärdering underskattades och gjorde att projektet försenades ett år jämfört med ursprunglig tidplan. • Informationen som genereras från denna utrustning är mycket användbar för alla parter som arbetar med utveckling av underhåll inom järnvägen. • Utmaningen för att tillgodogöra sig nyttan från mätstationen ligger i att kunna förädla och integrera de genererade tillståndsdata till respektive underhållsorganisation.
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| 7. |
- Asplund, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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The wheel profile measurement system at Sunderbyn, Sweden : final report
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The background to the realisation of this project comprises an increasing number of rail replacements and an increasing volume of traffic with a 30-tonne axle load on the Swedish Iron Ore Line (IOL). When comparing the maintenance costs of all the different systems in the Swedish railway network, the maintenance costs for the track and wheels are by far the highest at present. The wheel profile measurement system (WPMS) was considered to provide the possibility of picking out wheels approaching the maintenance limits for wear and thereby of controlling maintenance in a more cost-effective way. Accordingly, LKAB and Trafikverket (the Swedish Transport Administration) reached an agreement concerning the initiation of a joint project in which a new type of measurement equipment would be tested. To obtain assistance with data storage and processing, etc., Luleå University of Technology (LTU) and its eMaintenance Lab were engaged in the project. The objective of the project has been to investigate and verify whether equipment for automatic wheel profile measurement is capable of registering wheel data and sending alerts concerning the passage of wheels which deviate from the safety and maintenance limits defined in the project, with regard to the climate and conditions prevailing along the Swedish IOL. The fundamental idea behind this project has been that, through continuous measurement of wheel profiles, one should be able to take vehicles out of service before any deviating wheel profiles give rise to accelerating wheel and rail wear, and that one should thereby be able to reduce the maintenance costs and increase the operational life of both wheels and rails. An additional result of the project has been increased safety on the track, since it is possible to measure wheels that have exceeded the safety limit for wheel parameters and remove them, which was impossible previously. The following conclusions can be drawn from this project.• There are benefits to be derived from development projects conducted jointly between industry, infrastructure managers and academia. • In order to ensure good results, it is important to perform all the steps in a project, from the concept phase to the handing-over phase. In support of this, the V-model was used, which represents the life cycle of the system according to EN 50126. • The selection of a technical solution and a supplier was made on the basis of the technology level, reference installations, and operation and support possibilities, and not merely based on the price. A development project of this nature is not primarily a question of putting equipment into operation, but of transferring knowhow concerning the possibilities and limitations associated with the technology in question. • The resource requirement for testing and evaluation was underestimated, which resulted in the project being delayed by one year compared with the original timetable. • The information generated by the equipment installed is very useful for all parties working with the development of railway maintenance. • The challenge with regard to utilising the benefits afforded by the measurement station at Sunderby lies in the ability to process the generated condition data for the maintenance organisations concerned and integrate these data in the operations of these organisations.
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| 8. |
- Bausch, Birke, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Characterization of the Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Susceptibility Genes SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 for Gene-Informed Prevention
- 2017
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Ingår i: JAMA Oncology. - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 3:9, s. 1204-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Effective cancer prevention is based on accurate molecular diagnosis and results of genetic family screening, genotype-informed risk assessment, and tailored strategies for early diagnosis. The expanding etiology for hereditary pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas has recently included SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 as susceptibility genes. Clinical management guidelines for patients with germline mutations in these 4 newly included genes are lacking. OBJECTIVE To study the clinical spectra and age-related penetrance of individuals with mutations in the SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 genes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS This study analyzed the prospective, longitudinally followed up European-American-Asian Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma Registry for prevalence of SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 germline mutation carriers from 1993 to 2016. Genetic predictive testing and clinical investigation by imaging from neck to pelvis was offered to mutation-positive registrants and their relatives to clinically characterize the pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma diseases associated with mutations of the 4 new genes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence and spectra of germline mutations in the SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 genes were assessed. The clinical features of SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 disease were characterized. RESULTS Of 972 unrelated registrants without mutations in the classic pheochromocytoma- and paraganglioma-associated genes (632 female [65.0%] and 340 male [35.0%]; age range, 8-80; mean [SD] age, 41.0 [13.3] years), 58 (6.0%) carried germline mutations of interest, including 29 SDHA, 20 TMEM127, 8 MAX, and 1 SDHAF2. Fifty-three of 58 patients (91%) had familial, multiple, extra-adrenal, and/or malignant tumors and/or were younger than 40 years. Newly uncovered are 7 of 63 (11%) malignant pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas in SDHA and TMEM127 disease. SDHA disease occurred as early as 8 years of age. Extra-adrenal tumors occurred in 28 mutation carriers (48%) and in 23 of 29 SDHA mutation carriers (79%), particularly with head and neck paraganglioma. MAX disease occurred almost exclusively in the adrenal glands with frequently bilateral tumors. Penetrance in the largest subset, SDHA carriers, was 39% at 40 years of age and is statistically different in index patients (45%) vs mutation-carrying relatives (13%; P amp;lt; .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 genes may contribute to hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Genetic testing is recommended in patients at clinically high risk if the classic genes are mutation negative. Gene-specific prevention and/or early detection requires regular, systematic whole-body investigation.
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| 9. |
- Bohman, Tony, et al.
(författare)
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Concurrent validity of an isokinetic lift test used for admission to the Swedish Armed Forces
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of the IsoKai isokinetic lift test peak force (IsoKai(Peak))1 in comparison to a submaximal 5-1ORM deadlift test (5-10RM(DL)), and to develop an equation for converting the IsoKai(Peak) in Newton (N) to an estimated 1 RM (1 RMest) deadlift load in kilograms (kg). The participants included 28 males and 16 female employees in the Swedish Armed Forces (20-59 years). Each participant conducted the IsoKai lift test, followed by the 5-1ORM(DL) test at one occasion. The Pearson's correlation coefficient, with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to evaluate the validity between the IsoKai(peak) and the 1 RMest deadlift load derived from the 5-10RM(DL) test. Univariate and multivariable linear regressions were used to derive the equation for calculating the 1 RMest deadlift load based on the IsoKai(Peak)- The IsoKai(p)(eak) showed good- to-excellent correlation with the 1 RMest deadlift weight with a correlation coefficient of 0.84 (0.72-0.91) for the total sample, and 0.65 (0.37-0.83) and 0.81 (0.53-0.93) in males and females, respectively. The final equation, 1 RMest deadlift weight (kg) = -51.63 + (0.08 x IsoKai(Peak))1+ (2.28 x BMI), explained 72% (adjusted R-2 = 0.72) of the total variance in the 1 RMest, and had a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 16.57 kg. In conclusion, the IsoKai isokinetic lift test could be considered a highly valid measure of maximal dynamic muscular strength in comparison to the 5-10RM(DL). The equation can be used to convert the IsoKai lift test (N) results to an 1 RMest deadlift load (kg), but with consideration of the relative large SEE.
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| 10. |
- Bohman, Tony, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and agreement of the IsoKai isokinetic lift test - A test used for admission to the Swedish Armed Forces
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was performed to evaluate the reliability and agreement of the IsoKai isokinetic lift test as it is currently administered in admission to the Swedish Armed Forces. The study included an intrarater (n = 534) and interrater reliability sample (n = 137), of Swedish male conscripts who performed the test on two test occasions about two hours apart. Two-to-four lifts were performed at each occasion, and the highest mean (IsoKai(MF)) and peak force (IsoKai(PF)) produced (N) were used for evaluation. All intraclass coefficients showed excellent reliability. The interrater analyses resulted in intraclass coefficients of 0.942 (95% CI; 0.920-0.959) and 0.858 (95% CI; 0.806-0.896) for the IsoKai(MF) and IsoKai(PF), respectively, while the corresponding coefficients for the intrarater analyses were 0.935 (95% CI; 0.923-0.946) and 0.865 (95% CI; 0.842-0.886). Agreement, the capability of a test to detect changes, was assessed by the standard error of measurement (SEM/SEM%) and the smallest real difference (SRD/SRD%). These estimate indicated that it is possible to achieve measurements relevant to use in real practice with the IsoKai isokinetic lift test. Bland and Altman analyses revealed no systematic errors in either sample. Based on these findings, the IsoKai isokinetic lift test is suggested to be a highly reliable test for maximal dynamic muscular strength. The test could be of use in selection procedures in order to accurately evaluate maximal dynamic muscular strength, and for evaluating longitudinal changes in strength.
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