| 1. |
- Hellberg, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence and evidence gaps in assessments and interventions in areas related to social work research and practice – an overview of four evidence maps : [Vetenskapligt kunskapsläge om utredning och insatser i socialt arbete och forskning –en sammanställning av fyra kartläggningar]
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 26:5, s. 882-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This overview of four evidence maps is based on systematic reviews of assessment and interventions in social work practice. The aim was to investigate the evidence and evidence gaps within four important areas for social work research and practice. Descriptive data on search strategies and domains were collected from four evidence maps, on Social Assistance, Substance Dependence, Care for older adults respectively for persons with disabilities. The scientific quality and scientific evidence were assessed. Key findings were summarised by analyzing and discussing common and specific elements in the evidence maps. The overview was undertaken in close collaboration between researchers with expertise in the field and a government agency. The overview identified both evidence and evidence gaps with respect to effects and experiences of interventions and assessment methods in four evidence maps. Evidence maps provide a comprehensive picture of the state of social services research and can thereby be of use to both researchers and practitioners, and in the production of evidence based social work.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersdotter, Amelia, et al.
(författare)
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Godtyckligt regelverk hotar friheten på nätet
- 2013
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2013-09-03
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Reglerna som möjliggör stängning av hemsidor på internet präglas av godtycke och otydlighet. Men det behöver inte vara särskilt svårt att skapa ett nytt och rättssäkert regelverk. Här har Sveriges EU-kommissionär Cecilia Malmström en viktig roll. Frågan är om hon tar sitt ansvar, skriver politiker och nätdebattörer.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Linking Education and Research : A Roadmap for Higher Education Institutions at the Dawn of the Knowledge Society
- 2019
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Ingår i: Linking education and research. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. ; , s. 11-33
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In an era characterized by a move towards a “knowledge society”, universities are central in fostering “knowledgeability”, that is the reflexive understanding of knowledge in knowledge societies. The objective of “knowledgeability” can be met through creating a stronger link between education and research. Furthermore, overall student performance, for example in critical thinking and problem solving, can be improved if research-related activities are incorporated into the curriculum.The aim of this paper is to use international examples to discuss the research- education nexus from four different perspectives, namely context, policy, implementation and quality, with case studies from higher education institutions in Singapore and Sweden.We suggest that different integrative technologies can be used to enhance the links, but it will be essential to consider the inputs of training, service and support in using new technology. Interestingly, the act of evaluating the link between education and research will increase awareness of this linkage by stakeholders involved in both education and research. In turn the link can be strengthened, contributing to increased quality in both education and research.
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| 6. |
- Borisova, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Micrometer-resolution X-ray tomographic full-volume reconstruction of an intact post-mortem juvenile rat lung
- 2021
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Ingår i: Histochemistry and Cell Biology. - : Springer. - 0948-6143 .- 1432-119X. ; 155, s. 215-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we present an X-ray tomographic imaging method that is well suited for pulmonary disease studies in animal models to resolve the full pathway from gas intake to gas exchange. Current state-of-the-art synchrotron-based tomographic phase-contrast imaging methods allow for three-dimensional microscopic imaging data to be acquired non-destructively in scan times of the order of seconds with good soft tissue contrast. However, when studying multi-scale hierarchically structured objects, such as the mammalian lung, the overall sample size typically exceeds the field of view illuminated by the X-rays in a single scan and the necessity for achieving a high spatial resolution conflicts with the need to image the whole sample. Several image stitching and calibration techniques to achieve extended high-resolution fields of view have been reported, but those approaches tend to fail when imaging non-stable samples, thus precluding tomographic measurements of large biological samples, which are prone to degradation and motion during extended scan times. In this work, we demonstrate a full-volume three-dimensional reconstruction of an intact rat lung under immediate post-mortem conditions and at an isotropic voxel size of (2.75 mu m)(3). We present the methodology for collecting multiple local tomographies with 360 degrees extended field of view scans followed by locally non-rigid volumetric stitching. Applied to the lung, it allows to resolve the entire pulmonary structure from the trachea down to the parenchyma in a single dataset. The complete dataset is available online ().
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| 7. |
- Broche, Ludovic, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Mechanical Interactions Between Neighboring Airspaces Determine Cyclic Opening and Closure in Injured Lung
- 2017
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Ingår i: Critical Care Medicine. - 0090-3493 .- 1530-0293. ; 45:4, s. 687-694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Positive pressure ventilation exposes the lung to mechanical stresses that can exacerbate injury. The exact mechanism of this pathologic process remains elusive. The goal of this study was to describe recruitment/derecruitment at acinar length scales over short-time frames and test the hypothesis that mechanical interdependence between neighboring lung units determines the spatial and temporal distributions of recruitment/derecruitment, using a computational model. Design: Experimental animal study. Setting: International synchrotron radiation laboratory. Subjects: Four anesthetized rabbits, ventilated in pressure controlled mode. Interventions: The lung was consecutively imaged at - 1.5-minute intervals using phase-contrast synchrotron imaging, at positive end expiratory pressures of 12, 9, 6, 3, and 0 cm H2O before and after lavage and mechanical ventilation induced injury. The extent and spatial distribution of recruitment/derecruitment was analyzed by subtracting subsequent images. In a realistic lung structure, we implemented a mechanistic model in which each unit has individual pressures and speeds of opening and closing. Derecruited and recruited lung fractions (F-derecruaed, F-recruited) were computed based on the comparison of the aerated volumes at successive time points. Measurements and Main Results: Alternative recruitment/derecruitment occurred in neighboring alveoli over short-time scales in all tested positive end-expiratory pressure levels and despite stable pressure controlled mode. The computational model reproduced this behavior only when parenchymal interdependence between neighboring acini was accounted for. Simulations closely mimicked the experimental magnitude of F-derecruited and F-recruited when mechanical interdependence was included, while its exclusion gave F-recruited values of zero at positive end -expiratory pressure greater than or equal to 3 cm H2O. Conclusions: These findings give further insight into the microscopic behavior of the injured lung and provide a means of testing protective-ventilation strategies to prevent recruitment/derecruitment and subsequent lung damage.
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| 9. |
- Broche, Ludovic, et al.
(författare)
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Individual Airway Closure Characterized In Vivo by Phase-Contrast CT Imaging in Injured Rabbit Lung
- 2019
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Ingår i: Critical Care Medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0090-3493 .- 1530-0293. ; 47:9, s. E774-E781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Airway closure is involved in adverse effects of mechanical ventilation under both general anesthesia and in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. However, direct evidence and characterization of individual airway closure is lacking. Here, we studied the same individual peripheral airways in intact lungs of anesthetized and mechanically ventilated rabbits, at baseline and following lung injury, using high-resolution synchrotron phase-contrast CT.Design: Laboratory animal investigation.Setting: European synchrotron radiation facility.Subjects: Six New-Zealand White rabbits.Interventions: The animals were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated in pressure-controlled mode (tidal volume, 6 mL/kg; respiratory rate, 40; Fio(2), 0.6; inspiratory:expiratory, 1:2; and positive end-expiratory pressure, 3 cm H2O) at baseline. Imaging was performed with a 47.5 x 47.5 x 47.5 mu m voxel size, at positive end-expiratory pressure 12, 9, 6, 3, and 0 cm H2O. The imaging sequence was repeated after lung injury induced by whole-lung lavage and injurious ventilation in four rabbits. Cross-sections of the same individual airways were measured.Measurements and Main Results: The airways were measured at baseline (n = 48; radius, 1.7 to 0.21 mm) and after injury (n = 32). Closure was observed at 0 cm H2O in three of 48 airways (6.3%; radius, 0.350.08 mm at positive end-expiratory pressure 12) at baseline and five of 32 (15.6%; radius, 0.28 +/- 0.09 mm) airways after injury. Cross-section was significantly reduced at 3 and 0 cm H2O, after injury, with a significant relation between the relative change in cross-section and airway radius at 12 cm H2O in injured, but not in normal lung (R = 0.60; p < 0.001).Conclusions: Airway collapsibility increases in the injured lung with a significant dependence on airway caliber. We identify "compliant collapse" as the main mechanism of airway closure in initially patent airways, which can occur at more than one site in individual airways.
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| 10. |
- Börjeson, B.
(författare)
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Chapter 6. The new story : On the possibility of liberating oneself from the drug self
- 2013
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Ingår i: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 48:13, s. 1350-1359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores the meaning(s) of "treatment effect" within the psychodynamic tradition. The conventional wisdom is that a successful treatment presupposes a transformation of unconscious "material" to a conscious level. The "treatment effect" is reinterpreted as being better understood as changing an old (and detrimental) story into a new tale-an alternative narrative about the self. New possibilities following this conceptual change are introduced with the aid of some concrete examples.
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