| 1. |
- Enbom, Jesper, 1972-
(författare)
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Facket i det medialiserade samhället : En studie av LO:s och medlemsförbundens tillämpning av news management
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to most ways of measuring it the Swedish trade union movement is the strongest in the world. The Swedish Trade Union Confederation is the largest and most influential union confederation by far. Since the 1980s though, Sweden experienced a shift in the power relations between employers and unions in favour of the former. This has coincided with a growing importance for political communication, public relations and the mass media. This development has presented the Swedish trade union movement with a multitude of challenges. One of the major ones is how to influence the representations of trade unions and their viewpoints in the news media. The purpose of this study is to describe and try to explain how the Swedish Trade Union Confederation and its affiliated unions act to confront the “medialisation” of the public debate. A combination of research methods are used in this study in order to investigate both the historical development of trade union news management and the use of news management by trade union personnel in their everyday work. The study of how news management historically became a part in the overall union activity was performed through qualitative analysis of archive material. The study of the everyday uses of news management and the factors constraining this work builds upon interviews with the press officers of the TUC affiliated unions and the TUC itself. The study shows how both the historical development and the everyday use of news management by the Swedish trade union movement need to be understood in a context. This context contains political, economical, ideological and organisational structures that at the same time enables and constrains the adaption of news management. The study points towards five central paradoxes which faces the trade unions when they seek desired media attention and try to avoid unwanted publicity. The first paradox concerns how to fight hard in the interest of the members, while at the same time avoid being described as a sectional interest. The second paradox stems from the desire of the trade unions to be perceived as big and strong and how this might result in the labelling of them as ‘Goliath’ during a conflict. The next paradox concerns how trade unions want to show the importance of the work done by their members during a conflict and the way this might lead to media attention about how the strike affects ‘innocent bystanders’. The fourth paradoxes come from the wish of the trade unions to make their local representatives visible in mass media. This could result in unwanted publicity, due to the difference between blue-collar trade unionists and middleclass journalists. The fifth paradox stems from the importance of acting quickly to achieve wanted media attention and to avoid unwanted. The paradox is that it might be hard to be fast and at the same time have a thorough democratic process on a controversial issue.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Frändén, Märit, 1973-
(författare)
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"Att blotta vem jag är" : Släktnamnsskick och släktnamnsbyten hos samer i Sverige 1920–2009
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to describe surname patterns and changes of surname among the Sami of Sweden. It presents the results of three studies. The first is a survey of the present-day stock of surnames (family names) among the Sami community, based on the 2005 electoral register for the Swedish Sami Parliament. It investigates the proportions of names deriving from different languages, and the commonest names in each group. The same study was carried out for different areas, showing that the northernmost parts of Sweden have a Sami name stock significantly different from that of the majority population. Further south, the stock of names is less marked, but no area is without Sami elements.The second study, based on archival material, concerns changes of name by Swedish Sami to newly formed surnames, over the period 1920–2004. It examines not only the names adopted, but also the ones replaced; how the name stock has been affected by different patterns of name change; and, as far as possible, who the name changers were. The study shows that, for a long time, names derived from Sami and Finnish were replaced with names formed from Swedish. This may be largely because of the stigma once attached to Sami ethnicity. More recently, Sami-language names seem to have been retained to a greater extent, possibly owing to the improved status of the culture.The third study looks at name changes in favour of names marked as Sami in character. The data consist in part of archive materials, but above all of interviews with three Sami informants who have themselves adopted Sami-language surnames. This study presents the informants’ thoughts on ethnicity and changes of name.In addition to the author’s own studies, the thesis includes a review of earlier research on Sami surnames, hereditary and non-hereditary, and a list of individual surnames with literature references regarding their origins and meanings. In the thesis, name changes are studied as a single, overall process, with an emphasis on the role of names in society, in particular as ethnic markers.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Malin, 1979-
(författare)
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Indoor Environmental Factors and Chronic Diseases in Swedish Pre-School Children : Risk factors and methodological issues investigated in a longitudinal study on airway diseases and autism spectrum disorder
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Asthma and allergies have increased considerably during the past 40-50 years. Along with this increase, a heightened awareness regarding different neuro-developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder has occurred and it has been proposed that such disorders are also on the increase. It has been suggested that environmental factors, especially in the indoor environments, may be associated with the increase in these disorder, especially among children, who spend more than 90% of their time indoors. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate certain environmental factors in homes and their impact on children’s health, in terms of asthma, rhinitis, eczema as well as autism spectrum disorders, and to identify certain methodological difficulties in epidemiological investigations. We found that the mean incidence rate per year for doctor diagnosed asthma was in the range of 0.6-2.4% and for incidence of rhinitis 1.1-3.7%. The incidence rate of eczema ever was 2.7%. These results showed that when using a cohort established after birth the estimated incidence rates are strongly dependent of how the baseline population’s health and how the studied health outcome at follow up is defined. Our results showed that the associations between parental reported moisture problems in the home and asthma in children that were revealed in cross-sectional analyses decreased or disappeared when longitudinal data were used on the same data set. Our results therefore indicate that associations between parental reported moisture problems and asthma from cross-sectional questionnaire studies should be interpreted with caution due to the risk for reporting bias. Our results show that children who were living in homes with PVC-flooring in the bedroom in early childhood were more likely to develop asthma during the following 5-year period when compared with children living in homes without such flooring material. A similar association could be seen for children with autism spectrum disorder, where PVC-flooring in early childhood was associated with more reports of autism spectrum disorder five years later. These results indicate that building materials including suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals such as phthalates might be of importance for the development of these chronic diseases. Further studies are needed to explore the early life exposure and the mechanisms and contribution of phthalates for the development of chronic diseases.
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| 5. |
- Berndtsson, Rolf, 1936-
(författare)
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Om folkhögskolans dynamik : Möten mellan olika bildningsprojekt
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is describing the projects of Bildung which are possible to identify with the students and the teachers at two folk high schools and the meeting between those projects in the classrooms. Another purpose is to describe and analyze processes, which arise when teachers, students and folk high school as an institution come together. As a background and part of the study, connected to the central concept of the thesis - power and Bildung - is an account of the projects of Bildung which have been developed within the folk high school in a historical perspective. It is the generally oriented course and the students that are in focus.The study is part of an ethnographic research tradition and the empirical part of the study consists of a combination of qualitative interviews with the teachers and the students and participant observation.The projects of Bildung, which I have found represented by the students are “selfeducation” with the subgroups "self-development" and "self-rehabilitation" and "the project of qualification". Most of the teachers try to establish an attitude that has a self-educational direction but gradually the teachers are forced to let the qualification project get a more prominent part in the teaching. The projects of Bildung are changing and are in contrast to each other, sometimes in harmony and sometimes out of balance. I found that the study setting could be characterized by manifoldness and dynamics. A pluralism resulting in challenges and different processes.
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| 6. |
- Harlin, Eva-Marie
(författare)
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Lärares reflektion och professionella utveckling : Med video som verktyg
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra till förståelsen av hur lärares professionella utveckling kan stödjas. Detta har gjorts genom att undersöka vilka konsekvenserna blir av att lärare ser sig själva på videoinspelningar från sin egen undervisning. Resultaten som presenteras bygger på en longitudinell undersökning. I den första studien deltog lärarstudenter som gick sista terminen på folkhögskollärarprogrammet. De spelade in sin undervisning under den verksamhetsförlagda delen av utbildningen, ”praktiken” på en folkhögskola. Det som eftersöktes var vilka situationer som överraskade lärarstudenterna när de sedan såg sig själva på film. De skrev ner sina reflektioner och resultatet visade att överraskningarna handlade om bristen på lyhördhet i relation till deltagarna. De formulerade också tankar om hur de skulle vilja agera i klassrummet. I den uppföljande studien spelade några av dessa personer, som nu varit verksamma folkhögskollärare i två år efter avslutad utbildning, återigen in en av sina lektioner. Denna gång beskrev lärarna att de på filmen såg att de hade förändrat eller utvecklat sina handlingsvanor till ett mer deltagarorienterat förhållningssätt. De beskrev också att de agerade på ett mer professionellt sätt. Den teori som legat till grund för analysen har sin grund i ett pragmatiskt synsätt på lärande. Från symbolisk interaktionism har begreppen ”I” och ”me” använts, och för att i det här fallet undersöka den professionella aspekten av ”me” har begreppet ”professionalme” prövats.
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| 7. |
- Höstman, Staffan, 1979-
(författare)
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Minimal volume ventilation in lung injury : With special reference to apnea and buffer treatment
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A fairly large portion of patients receiving surgical or intensive care will need mechanical ventilation at some point. The potential ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is thus of interest. One of the main causal factors in VILI is the cyclic energy shifts, i.e. tidal volumes, in the lung during mechanical ventilation. The problem can be approached in two ways. Firstly, one can utilize apneic oxygenation and thus not cause any tidal injuries at all. Secondly, and more traditionally, one can simply lower the tidal volumes and respiratory rates used. The following describes a series of animal experiments exploring these options.In the first two papers, I explored and improved upon the methodology of apneic oxygenation. There is a generally held belief that it is only possible to perform apneic oxygenation by prior denitrogenation and by using 100% oxygen during the apnea. As 100% oxygen is toxic, this has prevented apneic oxygenation from more widespread use. The first paper proves that it is indeed possible to perform apneic oxygenation with less than 100% oxygen. I also calculated the alveolar nitrogen concentration which would conversely give the alveolar oxygen concentration. The second paper addresses the second large limitation of apneic oxygenation, i.e. hypercapnia. Using a high dose infusion of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) buffer, a pH > 7.2 could be maintained during apneic oxygenation for more than 4.5 hours.In the last two papers, THAM’s properties as a proton acceptor are explored during respiratory acidosis caused by very low volume ventilation. In paper III, I found that THAM does not, in the long term, affect pH in respiratory acidosis after stopping the THAM infusion. It does, however, lower PVR, even though the PaCO2 of THAM-treated animals had rebounded to levels higher than that of the controls. In the last experiment, I used volumetric capnography to confirm our hypothesis that carbon dioxide elimination through the lungs was lower during the THAM infusion. Again, the PaCO2 rebounded after the THAM infusion had stopped and I concluded that renal elimination of protonated THAM was not sufficient.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Elin
(författare)
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New insights into lubricated tribological contacts
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emissions of carbon dioxide, CO2, must rapidly be reduced to avoid severe climate change. Tribology-related solutions can be an important part in reducing these emissions. The aim of this thesis is to improve the fundamental knowledge in two tribology-related fields, both concerning lubrication, to enable such solutions in the future. The first research topic is focused on a fuel additive based on boric acid that has shown potential to reduce the fuel consumption when used in combustion engines. The second topic focuses on grease-lubricated tribological contacts, particularly fretting contacts. The friction-reducing potential of the boric acid fuel additive was evaluated and confirmed in simplified lab experiments. The friction reductions are attributed to the formation of an easily sheared boric acid tribofilm on the sliding surfaces. Estimates of how these friction reductions would affect the fuel consumption in a passenger car were undertaken. Under a few assumptions, it was shown that the considerable friction reductions measured in the lab experiments, transferred to the piston/cylinder contact, could lead to the fuel savings around the 6% previously observed in field-tested combustion engines.The boric acid tribofilms that form on the sliding surfaces differ in appearance depending on the tribotest temperature. Further, they have poor stability over time as well as at high temperatures, and may easily become cleaned off by the sample preparation prior to analysis. Further, they are sensitive to the electron irradiation used in various surface analysis techniques. Possibly also experiencing vacuum alter their properties. Based on the demonstrated instabilities, it is recommended to perform analysis of lab-tested and field-tested surfaces as soon as possible after testing to limit the ageing of the boric acid tribofilms.From grease-lubricated fretting tests it was found that the grease properties (thickener type and base oil viscosity), together with the applied load, displacement amplitude and material combination, all influence the prevailing fretting regime. The thickener type, here lithium complex (LiX) and polypropylene (PP), can have a stronger influence on the grease performance than the addition of graphite, GO and rGO additives, to an already well-working grease. Cross sections of selected wear marks from the fretting tests are presented and they are, together with fretting maps, used as tools to better understand the lubrication mechanisms of LiX and PP greases. The exact lubrication mechanisms are not yet fully understood but a lubrication model is suggested, based on the present knowledge and hypotheses.
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| 9. |
- Lundberg, Martin, 1964-
(författare)
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Överläggningar om hållbar utveckling : En studie av studiecirkelsamtal
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studiecirkeln är en pedagogisk praktik som tillskrivs en roll i den svenska demokratin. Studiecirkelns genomförande svarar väl mot en demokratisk praktik som framställs i deliberativ demokratiteori. Avhandlingens idé är att belysa deliberativ demokratiteori med empiri. Med studier av studiecirkelsamtal ges möjlighet att diskutera teorin med samtalsdata. Samtalsdata genererades genom analyser av ett videoinspelat cirkelsamtal som handlade om hållbar utveckling. Studiens teoretiska ram visar fyra olika bidraga till den deliberativa demokratiteorin. Dessa presenteras i en indelning som skiljer mellan något som i avhandlingen kallas för den rationella argumentationens överläggning och en retoriskt orienterade överläggning. Genom denna indelning ges fler möjligheter att tolka fenomen i samtalsempirin och vice versa. Beträffade åsiktsbildningen i studiecirkelsamtalet finner man att cirkeldeltagarna berör en mängd olika företeelser. I detta urskiljs deltagares egna åsikter samt föreställningar som är producerade i normativa sfärer. Samtalsprocessen kännetecknas att den varierar från en period till en annan. Det gör att tillgängligheten för deltagare att kunna bidra med och ta del av yttranden varierar. Resultaten reser frågor till teorin om tolkningen av vissa begrepp.
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| 10. |
- Lögdlund, Ulrik
(författare)
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Networks and Nodes : The Practices of Local Learning Centres
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the practice of local learning centres in Sweden. The aim is to describe and to establish an understanding of relations and the actor-networks that surround the practice. The thesis is based on four different studies. The first two studies focus on the organisation of the local learning centres and scrutinises the relation between the local learning centres, municipal administration and business in the region. What types of relations exist and what strategies are used by the local learning centres to enrol actors into the actor-network? The two latter studies investigate videoconference in the context of local learning centres. Videoconference is described as a socio-technical environment. The studies focus on interaction and communications asking what kind of relations are created between environment, material design and people? The theoretical framework consists of actor-network theory and the notions of space and spatial relations. The methods used in the four studies are interviews and observations. Informants that have contributed to the study are headmasters, teachers and students as well as project managers, politicians and businessmen. The results of the studies show how the local learning centres fails as brokers on an educational market. The reasons are many. The main results of the studies stress a number of obstacles of involvement and shed light on different strategies of enrolment. The results connected to videoconference show how material design and technology impacts the practice. Different strategies are developed by participants to manoeuvre in the videoconferencing classrooms. In conclusion the four studies show how actor-networks influence the practice of local learning centres by representations.
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