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| 2. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Contextual personas as a method for understanding digital work environments
- 2015
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Ingår i: 4th IFIP 13.6 Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design, HWID 2015. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319270470 - 9783319270487 ; , s. 141-152
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of IT at the workplace has changed dramatically from being a tool within the work environment to include all aspects of social and private life. New workplaces emerge where IT becomes more and more divergent, embedded and pervasive. These new aspects of IT at work need to be addressed with new or adapted human centred activities. This paper present and discuss a modified version of personas called contextual personas developed to better address the new working life. The contextual personas were developed using contextual inquiry, and focus groups as well as argumentative design. From the process of developing the contextual personas we learned that they are indeed a promising tool to understand the new work situations, and especially the holistic view of IT at work as they bring the whole working-life of the personas into focus. Finally, we discuss in what way the contextual personas could give developers extended understanding of the users’ future office work environment.
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| 3. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Digital arbetsmiljö och projektet Nära vård online
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport innehåller en kartläggning av 1177-personalens digitala arbetsmiljö vid arbete med den chattfunktion till patienter som användes under ett pilotprojekt hösten 2019. Rapporten är skriven med utgångspunkt från att läsaren har inblick i personalen på 1177s arbete, och har kunskap kring de IT-system som används. Kartläggningen genomfördes som ett samarbete mellan forskningsprojektet Systemutvecklingsmetoder för digital arbetsmiljö som leds av Uppsala Universitet och Region Uppsalas projekt Nära Vård Online under hösten och vintern 2019/2020. Kontextuella intervjuer genomfördes på plats under cirka fem timmar. Dessutom genomfördes nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med sjuksköterskorna och åtta med läkare. Intervjufrågorna grupperades i fyra teman: intervjupersonens bakgrund; arbetsmiljö relaterat till pilotprojektet; arbetsmiljö relaterat till det äldre sättet att arbeta och några avslutande frågor. Alla intervjuer transkriberades och tematisk analys gjordes. Inom temat upplevelse av krav visar intervjuerna att det som är mest stressande, och som nästan stressar alla, är köbildningen i chattsystemet. Det som stressar är otillräcklig information om vilka samtal som väntar, och att man inte kan veta när personen man chattar med svarar. Dessutom påpekar några att man inte heller kan se vilka patienter som behöver snabb hjälp och vilka som kan vänta. Inom temat stöd kan man konstatera att alla upplever systemen som stabila, och har god inblick i vad man kan göra om systemen inte fungerar. Många tycker att systemen fungerar mycket bra. Några påpekar att samarbetet och stödet från kollegor som jobbar hemifrån inte fungerar lika bra som att arbeta på samma plats. Inom området upplevelse av kontroll finns det förbättringsområden vad det gäller vilka frågor som patienten svarat på, och sjuksköterskor påpekade att systemet delvis är designat för läkare och inte för sjuksköterskors arbete. Många upplevde att de kunde vara med och påverka i förändringsarbetet, och att de i mycket stor utsträckning varit delaktig. Rapporten innehåller också några rekommendationer kring design och implementering av liknande tjänster ur ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv. Slutligen finns lästips för den intresserade läsaren.
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| 4. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Existing but not explicit - The user perspective in scrum projects in practice
- 2013
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Ingår i: Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2013. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642404764 ; , s. 762-779
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agile software development processes are becoming more common, but this does not mean that the user perspective in the development is catered for. It has its challenges to integrate the users' aspects in Scrum projects in practice. In order to better understand these challenges we have interviewed IT professionals using Scrum focusing on four different areas: responsibility for the user perspective, emphasis on usability and user experience through documentation, usability activities with users and the organisational and contextual settings for emphasizing the user perspective. Results show that the responsibility for the user perspective is unclear in Scrum projects, and that often the user perspective is neither discussed nor described in the projects. However, the user perspective is often present through informal feedback used to understand the context of use and inform design for example. Finally the paper presents implications for working with the user perspective in Scrum projects.
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| 5. |
- Cajander, Åsa, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of Extensive User Involvement through Vision Seminars in a Large IT Project
- 2023
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Ingår i: Interacting with computers. - : Oxford University Press. - 0953-5438 .- 1873-7951. ; 35:4, s. 543-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the complexity of IT systems increases, the demand for methods taking the whole work situation into account grows. The Vision Seminar (VS) process addresses the future usage of technologies in complex digital work environments. This paper describes the experiences of conducting the VS process in the context of a large IT project to improve study-administrative work. The participants and stakeholders' experiences of participating in VS workshops were studied as the effect the participants and stakeholders believed the vision might have. Data were gathered through interviews and a survey. The participants were confident that the time spent on workshops was worthwhile and that achieving the future described in the resulting vision was feasible. The stakeholders perceived the VS process as rigorous. They were happily surprised by the positive spirit and engagement displayed by the participants. The utility of the resulting vision not being obvious was the most notable weakness mentioned.
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| 6. |
- Cajander, Åsa, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Professional decision making with digitalisation of patient contacts in a medical advice setting : a qualitative study of a pilot project with a chat programme in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Patient e-services are increasingly launched globally to make healthcare more efficient and digitalised. One area that is digitalised is medical advice, where patients asynchronously chat with nurses and physicians, with patients having filled in a form with predefined questions before the chat. This study aimed to explore how occupational professionalism and the possibility of professional judgement are affected when clinical patient contact is digitalised. The study’s overall question concerns whether and how the scope of the healthcare staff’s professional judgement and occupational professionalism are affected by digitalisation.Design and setting: A qualitative study of healthcare professionals working in a pilot project with a chat programme for patients in a medical advice setting in Sweden.Participants and analysis: Contextual inquiries and 17 interviews with nurses (n=9) and physicians (n=8). The interviews were thematically analysed. The analysis was inductive and based on theories of decision making.Results: Three themes emerged: (1) Predefined questions to patients not tailored for healthcare professionals’ work, (2) reduced trust in written communication and (3) reduced opportunity to obtain information through chat communication.Conclusions: The results indicate that asynchronous chat with patients might reduce the opportunity for nurses and physicians to obtain and use professional knowledge and discretionary decision making. Furthermore, the system’s design increases uncertainty in assessments and decision making, which reduces the range of occupational professionalism.
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| 7. |
- Cajander, Åsa, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of automation of a patient‑centric service in primary care on the work engagement and exhaustion of nurses
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quality and User Experience. - 2366-0139 .- 2366-0147. ; 5:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalising patient-centric services to address society’s challenges with an ageing population and healthcare provision is by many seen as important. Studying the effects of the digitalisation on the work engagement of the users of the new systems is vital in this context, especially since previous research has established that the work engagement at work in healthcare is problematic. Work engagement is defined as a positive, fulfilling, affective-motivational state of work related well being, as is closely connected to the experience of resources and demands in the work context. These resources can be for example digital support, experienced demands or empowerment whereas exhaustion is connected to work demand in a workplace. This study contributes to knowledge about the effects of digitalisation on work engagement and exhaustion in the context of patient-centred services and eHealth. Contextual interviews were conducted on site for 5 h with nurses using a new chat function and using telephone for medical advice to patients. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with all the nurses participating in this digitalisation project to gather more insights into their work engagement in the two work situations. Results were analysed in different themes of areas affected by the digitalisation in the two overarching themes: job demands and job resources. The results show that the change to a chat function when communicating with advice seekers had connection to work engagement in several ways. The nurses experienced less time pressure and emotional pressure, but also a loss of job control and feedback from colleagues working from home.
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| 8. |
- Cajander, Åsa, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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UX professionals’ learning and usage of UX methods in agile
- 2022
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Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 151, s. 107005-107005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: The usage of User Experience (UX) methods has been studied through the years. However, little is known about UX professionals’ lifelong learning processes related to UX methods in Agile, choosing what UX methods to use, and the enablers and hindrances for using the UX methods.Objective: The study aims to broaden current knowledge about UX professionals’ lifelong learning practices to understand their work situations better. The paper describes how UX professionals learn about and choose UX methods, their frequency of use, and the enablers and barriers when using the UX methods in Agile.Method: An interview study was conducted with 13 UX professionals from various industries and two countries working with Agile and UX. We used a qualitative approach, and a thematic analysis was carried out to answer the research questions.Results: The results show that support from colleagues is an essential component for learning about the methods and how to use UX methods. Time pressure makes UX professionals choose methods they know will deliver their desired results. Prototyping, user testing, user journeys, and workshops are the most frequently used UX methods. Additionally, the results show that UX professionals think that the UX methods are often too complicated and take too long to learn. Additionally, they find it challenging to integrate UX methods into Agile.Conclusion: These findings indicate that UX methods might work better if designed to be less complicated and deliver results more efficiently. Moreover, collegial and peer learning is central to UX professionals. The HCI community could be more active in supporting this culture by sharing information and learning. Finally, the usability and UX of the tools affect which UX methods are used.
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| 9. |
- Cajander, Åsa, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Walking in the Jungle with a Machete : ICT Leaders' Perspectives on User-Centred Systems Design
- 2022
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Ingår i: Behavior and Information Technology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 41:6, s. 1230-1244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has established that leaders in information and communication technology (ICT) are crucial for establishing a user-centred systems design perspective in ICT for work-related tasks. This paper therefore describes the perspectives of 18 ICT leaders in three kinds of leadership roles (managers, project leaders and specialists) in order to understand their views of user-centred systems design concerning ICT. It uses the concept of technological frames of reference to analyse three domains: technology-in-use, technology strategy and nature of technology. The results show that many specialists see user involvement as a critical factor in successfully establishing new information and communication technologies, but that these systems are currently built around the needs of management rather than end users. Looking forward, all three relevant social groups are optimistic about how ICT will become more user-centred and more strategically aligned in the future. However, changes in ICT are described as extremely energy-consuming and difficult – akin to ‘walking in the jungle with a machete’. Finally, we discuss the relevance of technological frames and present some implications for the successful establishment of user-centred system design as a perspective in organisations.
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