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- Hinrichsen, F., et al.
(författare)
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Microbial regulation of hexokinase 2 links mitochondrial metabolism and cell death in colitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-4131. ; 33:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hexokinases (HK) catalyze the first step of glycolysis limiting its pace. HK2 is highly expressed in gut epithelium, contributes to immune responses, and is upregulated during inflammation. We examined the microbial regulation of HK2 and its impact on inflammation using mice lacking HK2 in intestinal epithelial cells (Hk2(Delta IEC)). Hk2(Delta IEC) mice were less susceptible to acute colitis. Analyzing the epithelial transcriptome from Hk2(Delta IEC) mice during colitis and using HK2-deficient intestinal organoids and Caco-2 cells revealed reduced mitochondrial respiration and epithelial cell death in the absence of HK2. The microbiota strongly regulated HK2 expression and activity. The microbially derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate repressed HK2 expression via histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) and reduced mitochondrial respiration in wild-type but not in HK2-deficient Caco-2 cells. Butyrate supplementation protected wild-type but not Hk2(Delta IEC) mice from colitis. Our findings define a mechanism how butyrate promotes intestinal homeostasis and suggest targeted HK2-inhibition as therapeutic avenue for inflammation.
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- Ansal, A., et al.
(författare)
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Seismic microzonation for earthquake risk mitigation in turkey
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a tool to improve the state of land use management in Turkey and to better mitigate earthquake risk inthe future, a microzonation project was initiated after the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake. The project had twocomponents (a) drafting a microzonation manual [1], (b) conducting pilot case studies in the selected tworegions affected by the 1999 Marmara earthquakes [2]. The main purpose of the study was to test anddemonstrate the applicability of the methodology proposed in the Seismic Microzonation Manual preparedfor the project. The major contributions of the study are the probabilistic assessment of the regionalearthquake hazard, interpretation of the microtremor records, and interpretation of the available geologicaland geotechnical data based on a grid approach. All the available data was transformed to GIS format andthe results are evaluated to obtain a microzonation with respect to site amplification, liquefactionsusceptibility and landslide hazard. An attempt will be made to summarize the results of the pilot studyconducted for the Gölcük region to give an overview of the proposed methodology.
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- Ansal, A., et al.
(författare)
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Site Characterization and Site Amplification for a Seismic Microzonation Study in Turkey
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pilot areas were divided into cells by a grid system of 500 m x 500 m for estimating the effects of site conditions at a scale of 1:5000 by assigning representative soil profiles at the centre of each grid. These soil profiles were classified according to the Turkish Earthquake Code, NEHRP site classification, equivalent shear wave velocity and used for site response analyses. The zonation maps involve the division of the area into three zones as (A, B, and C). In all cases, the variations of the calculated parameters are considered separately and their frequency distributions were determined. Thus the zone A shows the most unsuitable 33 percentile, zone B the medium 34 percentile and zone C shows the most favorable 33 percentile. A suitable pa-rameter is considered to be the average spectral acceleration between 0.5-1.5 sec periods obtained from site response analysis. Even though more empirical, the spectral amplifi-cations calculated using equivalent shear wave velocities gave consistent values that appear to be realistic when compared with the selected soil profiles. Thus microzonation maps with respect to ground shaking were based on the average of spectral accelerations and spectral amplifications obtained from equivalent shear wave velocities.
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- Laue, J., et al.
(författare)
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15 years of experience using a physical model exercise in a Masters' course
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical modelling in geotechnics. - Leiden : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138022218 ; , s. 445-450
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modelling in Geotechnics' has been taught for two hours over 14 weeks in the 2nd, and later 3rd, semester of the Masters' studies at ETH Zurich. In addition to a series of frontal lectures on modelling techniques, as well as for their application to various boundary value problems, this course contains an exercise that compares 3 ways of modelling a practical case. Students are invited to investigate a common boundary value problem through complementary analytical, physical and numerical (finite element) modelling. A suitable boundary value problem, such as for shallow foundations or slopes, is selected to ensure that the exercise can be conducted in the limited time available for the students, and that the physical model takes only a finite amount of time so that all students can witness a test from start to finish. A comparison allows the assumptions made for the various models or calculations to be discussed and trains the students to put the different results into perspective. Practical aspects such as feasibility and timing, as well as applicability to reaching the learning goal of the class, will be reviewed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
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- Bey-Gress, Ch., et al.
(författare)
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Modélisation de l'interaction sol-fondations superficielles
- 1999
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Ingår i: Revue Francaise de Geotechnique. - : EDP Sciences. - 0181-0529 .- 2493-8653. ; 88:3, s. 37-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Les ouvrages de génie civil sont classiquementdimensionnés selon les sollicitations qu'ils doiventreprendre, avec des conditions limites locales souventpeu réalistes. Les fondations sont dimensionnées parailleurs, selon les sollicitations transmises, mais en aucuncas la modification du comportement de l'une des partiesn'est prise en compte pour le dimensionnement de l'autrepartie. Il est nécessaire de comprendre d'abord ce qui sepasse au niveau local sol-fondation pour caractériser lecomportement de cet ensemble de propriétés mécaniqueset rhéologiques différentes soumis à des sollicitationscomplexes, avec tous les problèmes inhérents au contact.Le travail présenté concerne des fondations superficiellesposées sur un milieu pulvérulent homogène isotrope,sous des sollicitations de type effort vertical et momentcouplé ou non-couplé.Modelisation
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