| 1. |
- Elks, Cathy E, et al.
(författare)
-
Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:12, s. 1077-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify loci for age at menarche, we performed a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies in 87,802 women of European descent, with replication in up to 14,731 women. In addition to the known loci at LIN28B (P = 5.4 × 10⁻⁶⁰) and 9q31.2 (P = 2.2 × 10⁻³³), we identified 30 new menarche loci (all P < 5 × 10⁻⁸) and found suggestive evidence for a further 10 loci (P < 1.9 × 10⁻⁶). The new loci included four previously associated with body mass index (in or near FTO, SEC16B, TRA2B and TMEM18), three in or near other genes implicated in energy homeostasis (BSX, CRTC1 and MCHR2) and three in or near genes implicated in hormonal regulation (INHBA, PCSK2 and RXRG). Ingenuity and gene-set enrichment pathway analyses identified coenzyme A and fatty acid biosynthesis as biological processes related to menarche timing.
|
|
| 2. |
- Laven, Daniel, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
From Partnerships to Networks : New Approaches for Measuring U.S. National Heritage Area Effectiveness
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Evaluation review. - 0193-841X .- 1552-3926. ; 34:4, s. 271-298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- National Heritage Areas (NHAs) are an alternative and increasingly popularform of protected area management in the United States. NHAs seek tointegrate environmental objectives with community and economicobjectives at regional or landscape scales. NHA designations have increasedrapidly in the last 20 years, generating a substantial need for evaluativeinformation about (a) how NHAs work; (b) outcomes associated with theNHA process; and (c) the costs and benefits of investing public moneys intothe NHA approach. Qualitative evaluation studies recently conducted at three NHAs have identified the importance of understanding networkstructure and function in the context of evaluating NHA managementeffectiveness. This article extends these case studies by examiningquantitative network data from each of the sites. The authors analyze thesedata using both a descriptive approach and a statistically more robustapproach known as exponential random graph modeling. Study findingsindicate the presence of transitive structures and the absence of three-cyclestructures in each of these networks. This suggests that these networks arerelatively ‘‘open,’’ which may be desirable, given the uncertainty of the environments in which they operate. These findings also suggest, at least at the sitesreported here, that the NHA approach may be an effective way to activate anddevelop networks of intersectoral organizational partners. Finally, this studydemonstrates the utility of using quantitative network analysis to better understand the effectiveness of protected area management models that rely onpartnership networks to achieve their intended outcomes.
|
|
| 3. |
- Laven, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
The Relationship Between Visitor-Based Standards of Quality and Existing Conditions in Parks and Outdoor Recreation
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Leisure Sciences. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0149-0400 .- 1521-0588. ; 27, s. 157-173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parks and related areas are increasingly adopting management-by-objectives/indicatorbasedframeworks to protect resources and the quality of visitor experiences. Indicatorbasedframeworks rely on development of indicators and standards of quality, andresearch has been developed to measure visitor-based standards of quality. In this researchapproach, visitors to parks and related areas judge the acceptability of a rangeof recreation-related impacts to natural/cultural resources and the quality of the visitorexperience. The purpose of this paper is to explore the strength and variability of therelationship between visitor-based standards of quality and existing conditions in parksand related areas. Data were derived from studies conducted in 11 U.S. national parksystem units between 1995 and 2002. Results indicated that visitor-based standards ofquality are generally unrelated to existing conditions. Implications of these findings areexplored for research on visitor-based standards of quality and related issues, and forthe management of parks and outdoor recreation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Manning, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
Defining, Measuring, Monitoring, and Managing the Sustainability of Parks for Outdoor Recreation
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. - 0735-1968 .- 2160-6862. ; 29:3, s. 24-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability of parks for outdoor recreation is a long-standing and increasingly urgent issue. Sustainability is an intuitively appealing concept, but it is often seen as so broad that it can be daunting to define and manage in an operational way. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that management-by-objectives frameworks used in contemporary park and outdoor recreation management can be useful in defining, measuring, monitoring, and managing the sustainability of parks for outdoor recreation. The paper presents and describes a generalizable management-by-objectives framework that can be used for this purpose. This framework requires 1) formulating indicators and standards, 2) monitoring indicators, and 3) managing to ensure that standards are maintained. This approach is informed by principles derived from the broad environmental and sustainability literature, including carrying capacity, common property resources, ecosystem management, adaptive management, environmental justice, and ecotourism. Defining, measuring, monitoring, and managing sustainability can be supported by a program of natural and social science research, and this paper offers examples of how research can support formulation of indicators and standards, monitoring and management. Given advances in addressing the sustainability of parks for outdoor recreation—a set of environmental concepts and principles to draw on, an associated management-by-objectives framework, a growing set of research approaches, an array of management practices, and a number of hopeful case studies—application of sustainability to parks and outdoor recreation should move ahead more deliberately.
|
|
| 5. |
- Stolk, Lisette, et al.
(författare)
-
Meta-analyses identify 13 loci associated with age at menopause and highlight DNA repair and immune pathways
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:3, s. 260-268
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To newly identify loci for age at natural menopause, we carried out a meta-analysis of 22 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 38,968 women of European descent, with replication in up to 14,435 women. In addition to four known loci, we identified 13 loci newly associated with age at natural menopause (at P < 5 × 10(-8)). Candidate genes located at these newly associated loci include genes implicated in DNA repair (EXO1, HELQ, UIMC1, FAM175A, FANCI, TLK1, POLG and PRIM1) and immune function (IL11, NLRP11 and PRRC2A (also known as BAT2)). Gene-set enrichment pathway analyses using the full GWAS data set identified exoDNase, NF-κB signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction as biological processes related to timing of menopause.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
