| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Argyropoulos, Dimitris D. S., et al.
(författare)
-
Kraft Lignin: A Valuable, Sustainable Resource, Opportunities and Challenges
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 16:23
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kraft lignin, a by-product from the production of pulp, is currently incinerated in the recovery boiler during the chemical recovery cycle, generating valuable bioenergy and recycling inorganic chemicals to the pulping process operation. Removing lignin from the black liquor or its gasification lowers the recovery boiler load enabling increased pulp production. During the past ten years, lignin separation technologies have emerged and the interest of the research community to valorize this underutilized resource has been invigorated. The aim of this Review is to give (1) a dedicated overview of the kraft process with a focus on the lignin, (2) an overview of applications that are being developed, and (3) a techno-economic and life cycle asseeements of value chains from black liquor to different products. Overall, it is anticipated that this effort will inspire further work for developing and using kraft lignin as a commodity raw material for new applications undeniably promoting pivotal global sustainability concerns.
|
|
| 4. |
- Lawoko, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Healthcare Sweden: Prevalence and Determinants
- 2011
-
Ingår i: ISRN nursing. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-5491 .- 2090-5483. ; 2011, s. 510692-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed the extent to which healthcare providers at a large healthcare facility in Sweden screen for intimate partner violence against women and the determinants of such screening. Data on frequency of screening, readiness to screen on many dimensions (using the Domestic Violence Healthcare Provider Survey Scale), demographic and occupational characteristics were administered electronically to 217 healthcare providers. We found that only 50% of participants had during the past 3 month screened for IPV at least once, and screening activity was marked with inequalities in measured individual characteristics. Participants of female gender and of doctor/nurse occupation were more likely to screen than male and midwife peers, respectively. Healthcare providers who perceived high efficacy in handling IPV issues, low fears of offending clients, professional preparedness, and with availability of support networks for IPV victims were more likely to screen for IPV. Implications of these findings for interventions are discussed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Mattsson, Tuve, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
The Development of a Wood-based Materials-biorefinery
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BioResources. - : BioResources. - 1930-2126 .- 1930-2126. ; 12:4, s. 9152-9182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several different methods for the extraction, separation, and purification of wood constituents were combined in this work as a unified process with the purpose of achieving a high overall efficiency of material extraction and utilization. This study aimed to present a laboratory-scale demonstrator biorefinery that illustrated how the different wood constituents could be separated from the wood matrix for later use in the production of new bio-based materials and chemicals by combining several approaches. This study builds on several publications and ongoing activities within the Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC) in Sweden on the theme "From wood to material components." Combining the approaches developed in these WWSC projects - including mild steam explosion, membrane and chromatographic separation, enzymatic treatment and leaching, ionic liquid extraction, and fractionation together with Kraft pulping - formed an outline for a complete materials-biorefinery. The process steps involved were tested as integral steps in a linked process. The scale of operations ranged from the kilogram-scale to the gram-scale. The feasibility and efficiency of these process steps in a biorefinery system were assessed, based on the data, beginning with whole wood.
|
|
| 6. |
- Mohan Pawar, Prashant, et al.
(författare)
-
In muro deacetylation of xylan affects lignin properties and improves saccharification of aspen wood
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834 .- 1754-6834. ; 10:1, s. Art nr 98-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lignocellulose from fast growing hardwood species is a preferred source of polysaccharides for advanced biofuels and "green" chemicals. However, the extensive acetylation of hardwood xylan hinders lignocellulose saccharification by obstructing enzymatic xylan hydrolysis and causing inhibitory acetic acid concentrations during microbial sugar fermentation. To optimize lignocellulose for cost-effective saccharification and biofuel production, an acetyl xylan esterase AnAXE1 from Aspergillus niger was introduced into aspen and targeted to cell walls. Results: AnAXE1-expressing plants exhibited reduced xylan acetylation and grew normally. Without pretreatment, their lignocellulose yielded over 25% more glucose per unit mass of wood (dry weight) than wild-type plants. Glucose yields were less improved (+7%) after acid pretreatment, which hydrolyses xylan. The results indicate that AnAXE1 expression also reduced the molecular weight of xylan, and xylan-lignin complexes and/or lignin co-extracted with xylan, increased cellulose crystallinity, altered the lignin composition, reducing its syringyl to guaiacyl ratio, and increased lignin solubility in dioxane and hot water. Lignin-associated carbohydrates became enriched in xylose residues, indicating a higher content of xylo-oligosaccharides. Conclusions: This work revealed several changes in plant cell walls caused by deacetylation of xylan. We propose that deacetylated xylan is partially hydrolyzed in the cell walls, liberating xylo-oligosaccharides and their associated lignin oligomers from the cell wall network. Deacetylating xylan thus not only increases its susceptibility to hydrolytic enzymes during saccharification but also changes the cell wall architecture, increasing the extractability of lignin and xylan and facilitating saccharification.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Aremu, O., et al.
(författare)
-
Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, individual wealth status and patterns of delivery care utilization in Nigeria : A multilevel discrete choice analysis
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Women's Health. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd. - 1179-1411. ; 3:1, s. 167-174
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High maternal mortality continues to be a major public health problem in most part of the developing world, including Nigeria. Understanding the utilization pattern of maternal healthcare services has been accepted as an important factor for reducing maternal deaths. This study investigates the effect of neighborhood and individual socioeconomic position on the utilization of different forms of place of delivery among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Methods: A population-based multilevel discrete choice analysis was performed using the most recent population-based 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys data of women aged between 15 and 49 years. The analysis was restricted to 15,162 ever-married women from 888 communities across the 36 states of the federation including the Federal Capital Territory of Abuja. Results: The choice of place to deliver varies across the socioeconomic strata. The results of the multilevel discrete choice models indicate that with every other factor controlled for, the household wealth status, women’s occupation, women’s and partner’s high level of education attainment, and possession of health insurance were associated with use of private and government health facilities for child birth relative to home delivery. The results also show that higher birth order and young maternal age were associated with use of home delivery. Living in a highly socioeconomic disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with home birth compared with the patronage of government health facilities. More specifically, the result revealed that choice of facility-based delivery is clustered around the neighborhoods. Conclusion: Home delivery, which cuts across all socioeconomic strata, is a common practice among women in Nigeria. Initiatives that would encourage the appropriate use of healthcare facilities at little or no cost to the most disadvantaged should be accorded the utmost priority. © 2011 Schindler, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.
|
|
| 9. |
- Carvalho, D. M. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Active role of lignin in anchoring wood-based stabilizers to the emulsion interface
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 23:22, s. 9084-9098
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemicellulose-rich wood extracts show efficient capacity to adsorb at emulsion interfaces and stabilize them. Their functionality is enhanced by lignin moieties accompanying the hemicellulose structures, in the form of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) and, potentially, other non-covalent associations. The formation and stability of emulsions is determined by their interfacial regions. These are largely unexplored assemblies when formed from natural stabilizers with a complex chemical composition. Understanding the structure of the interfacial region could facilitate both designing the extraction processes of abundant biomasses and unraveling a valuable industrial application potential for the extracts. Herein, we characterized the LCCs from the interface of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by galactoglucomannan (GGM) or glucuronoxylan (GX)-rich wood extracts, using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The type of covalent linkage between residual lignin and hemicelluloses determined their partitioning between the continuous and interfacial emulsion phases. Benzylether structures, only found in the interface, were suggested to participate in the physical stabilization of the emulsion droplets. In turn, the phenylglycosides, preferentially observed in the continuous phase, were suggested to interact with adsorbed stabilizers by electrostatic interaction. More hydrophobic lignin structures, such as guaiacyl lignin type, dibenzodioxocin substructures, and certain end groups also contributed to droplet stabilization. The elucidation of such attributes is of paramount importance for the biorefinery industry, enabling the optimization of extraction processes for the preparation of wood-based stabilizers and designed interfaces for novel and sustainable emulsion systems.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
