| 1. |
- Gibson, Elizabeth A., et al.
(författare)
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A p-Type NiO-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with an Open-Circuit Voltage of 0.35 V
- 2009
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 48:24, s. 4402-4405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In tandem: Employing a molecular dyad and a cobalt-based electrolyte gives a threefold-increase in open-circuit voltage (VOC) for a p-type NiO device (VOC=0.35 V), and a fourfold better energy conversion efficiency. Incorporating these improvements in a TiO2/NiO tandem dye-sensitized solar cell (TDSC), results in a TDSC with a VOC=0.91 V
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| 2. |
- Gibson, Elizabeth A., et al.
(författare)
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Cobalt Polypyridyl-Based Electrolytes for p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:19, s. 9772-9779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of polypyridyl cobalt complexes with different substituents was applied as redox mediators in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSCs), consisting of mesoporous NiO sensitized with a perylenemonoimide naphthalenediimide (PMI-NDI) dyad. The photocurrent and photovoltages of the devices were found to depend on the steric bulk of the redox species rather than their electrochemical potential. Bulky substituents were found to slow the detrimental charge recombination reactions between holes in the NiO semiconductor and the reduced form of the redox couple. The open-circuit potential (V-OC) of each of the devices was superior to the equivalent PMI-NDIsensitized p-DSCs containing the triiodide/iodide redox couple.
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| 3. |
- Gibson, Elizabeth A., et al.
(författare)
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Role of the Triiodide/Iodide Redox Couple in Dye Regeneration in p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 28:15, s. 6485-6493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of perylene dyes with different optical and electronic properties have been used as photosensitizers in NiO-based p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. A key target is to develop dyes that absorb light in the red to near-infrared region of the solar spectrum in order to match photoanodes optically in tandem devices; however, the photocurrent produced was found to decrease dramatically as the absorption maxima of the dye used was varied from 517 to 565 nm and varied strongly with the electrolyte solvent (acetonitrile, propionitrile, or propylene carbonate). To determine the limitations of the energy properties of the dye molecules and to provide guidelines for future sensitizer design, we have determined the redox potentials of the duodide radical intermediate involved in the charge-transfer reactions in different solvents using photomodulated voltammetry. E degrees(I-3(-)/I-2(center dot-)) (V vs Fe(Cp)(2)(+/0)) = -0.64 for propylene carbonate, -0.82 for acetonitrile, and -0.87 for propionitrile. Inefficient regeneration of the sensitizer appears to be the efficiency-limiting step in the device, and the values presented here will be used to design more efficient dyes, with more cathodic reduction potentials, for photocathodes in tandem dye-sensitized solar cells.
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| 4. |
- Le Pleux, Loic, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, photophysical and photovoltaic investigations of acceptor-functionalized perylene monoimide dyes for nickel oxide p-type dye-sensitized solar cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 4:6, s. 2075-2084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the synthesis, electrochemical, photophysical, and photovoltaic properties of a series of three organic dyads comprising a perylene monoimide (PMI) dye connected to a naphthalene diimide (NDI) or a fullerene (C-60) for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with nanocrystalline NiO electrodes. It was found that the secondary electron acceptor (NDI or C-60) in all the three dyads extends the charge separated state lifetime by about five orders of magnitude compared to the respective parent PMI dye. Nanosecond pump-probe experiments of the NiO/dyads in the presence of the electrolyte show that the reduction of triiodide by the secondary electron acceptor is slow in all the dyads, which we ascribe to a weak driving force for this reaction. This reaction is significantly faster with the cobalt electrolyte (tris(4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine)cobalt(II/III)), whose driving force is larger; however, its reaction with the reduced dyads is still rather slow. We demonstrate that the larger photovoltage observed with the cobalt electrolyte (V-OC = 285 mV) relative to the iodide electrolyte (V-OC = 120 mV) is due to a decrease in the dark current for the former owing to slower interfacial electron transfer of the reduced mediator with the injected holes into the NiO electrode. In terms of photovoltaic performances, the most efficient dyad is the system in which the NDI is directly connected to the PMI (eta = 0.14% under AM 1.5 with the cobalt electrolyte), but the dyad containing the fullerene acceptor exhibits the highest IPCE and the highest short circuit current density (IPCE = 57%, J(SC) = 1.88 mA cm(-2)) with the iodide electrolyte. The latter performances are attributed to the slightly stronger reducing power of C-60 relative to NDI, which favours the reduction of the mediator in the electrolyte.
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| 5. |
- Morandeira, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Improved photon-to-current conversion efficiency with a nanoporous p-type NiO electrode by the use of a sensitizer-acceptor dyad
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 112:5, s. 1721-1728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A peryleneimide sensitizer and a covalently linked peryleneimide-naphthalenediimide dyad were prepared and characterized by absorption and emission spectroscopies, electrochemistry, and spectroelectrochemistry. These compounds were chemisorbed on nanoporous nickel oxide electrodes and then studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the presence of a redox active electrolyte (I-3(-)/I-). In both compounds, upon excitation of the peryleneimide unit, an electron is efficiently ejected from the valence band of NiO to the dye with an average time constant of approximately 0.5 ps. In the case of the dyad, the excess electron is shifted further onto the naphtalenediimide unit, creating a new charge separated state. The latter exhibits a substantial retardation of the charge recombination between the hole and the reduced molecule compared with the peryleneimide sensitizer. The photoaction spectra of a sandwich dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) composed of NiO films and these new dyes were recorded, and the absorbed-photon to current conversion efficiency (APCE) was three times higher with the dyad than with the peryleneimide dye: 45%. The maximum APCE of approximately 45% is the highest value reported for a DSSC based on a nanostructured metal oxide p-type semiconductor.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Warnan, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Multichromophoric Sensitizers Based on Squaraine for NiO Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:1, s. 103-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three sensitizers were synthesized and utilized as panchromatic dyes for nanocrystalline NiO films: an iodo-squaraine (SQ), a squaraine-perylene monoimide (SQ-PMI) dyad, and a squaraine-perylene monoimide-naphthalene diimide (SQ-PMI-NDI) triad. Photophysical and photovoltaic studies showed that hole injection into the NiO valence band from the SQ excited state is ultrafast, but also that subsequent recombination is very rapid, preventing SQ from being an efficient sensitizer for photovoltaic purposes. The introduction of a second light harvesting unit (PMI) and a terminal electron acceptor (NDI) significantly improved the photovoltaic performances of the system. Irrespective of which light harvesting unit was photoexcited in NiO/SQ-PMI and NiO/SQ-PMI-NDI, intramolecular charge separation leading to SQ+ and PMI– or NDI– is the main excited state deactivation process. Intramolecular charge separation occurred in spite of the favorable conditions for energy transfer to the SQ unit. Subsequent hole injection from SQ+ into NiO was in competition with intramolecular recombination, which may have significantly decreased the overall photovoltaic performances. The control of this side-reaction is therefore crucial for the successful design of multichromophoric systems for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The quantum yield of NiO(+)/SQ-PMI-NDI– after 50 ns is higher than that of NiO(+)/SQ-PMI–, and much higher than that of NiO(+)/SQ–; intramolecular recombination was slowed down by the localization of the electron further away from the SQ+ hole and consequently from NiO+. The three sensitizers were tested in NiO based DSSC devices using either the conventional triiodide/iodide electrolyte or a cobaltIII/II(4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine)3 electrolyte. The photoconversion efficiencies steadily increased in the following order: SQ < SQ-PMI < PMI-NDI SQ-PMI-NDI. The multichromophoric sensitizers had broader absorption spectra, more long-lived charge separation, and better photovoltaic performance than single unit chromophores. This indicates that bichromophoric systems, ones in which the antenna serves both as electron acceptor and photon harvester, are realistic sensitizers to boost photovoltaic performances. These findings are important for engineering new panchromatic and more efficient sensitizers for p-type DSSCs.
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