| 1. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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Association between carbohydrate intake and fatty acids in the de novo lipogenic pathway in serum phospholipids and adipose tissue in a population of Swedish men
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 59:5, s. 2089-2097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Fatty acid composition in blood and adipose tissue (AT) is a useful biomarker of dietary fat quality. However, circulating saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have been proposed to also reflect carbohydrate-induced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity. We aimed to test the hypothesis that high carbohydrate intake is related to SFA and MUFA in serum or AT in a Swedish population. Methods Fatty acid composition was measured in serum phospholipids (PL) and AT by gas chromatography in 63-year-old men (n = 299). Carbohydrate and alcohol intake was assessed (validated 7-day food records) in relation to total SFA, 16:0 (palmitate), 16:1 (palmitoleate), and estimated SCD activity (16:1n-7/16:0-ratio) in serum PL and in AT, respectively. Results Total carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with 16:0 in PL (P = 0.005), independently of BMI. Disaccharides were non-linearly (restricted cubic splines) and weakly associated with 16:1 and SCD activity in PL (nonlinear trend,P <= 0.02) but not AT. Carbohydrate intake and SCD expression were not associated (P >= 0.08,n = 81). Alcohol intake was, however, linearly associated with 16:0 in PL (P < 0.001), and with 16:1 (P < 0.001) and SCD activity (P <= 0.005) in both PL and AT. Conclusions Higher carbohydrate intake from sugar-rich foods or beverages was not clearly reflected by higher SFA or SCD activity in serum PL or AT. Alcohol was, however, associated with higher SFA and MUFA.
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| 2. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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Association between carbohydrate intake and fatty acids in the de novo lipogenic pathwayin serum phospholipids and adipose tissue among 63-year old men
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractBackground: Fatty acid composition in blood and adipose tissue is useful to reflect dietary fatquality, although the utility of even-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) has been debated. Since SFA also can be produced via de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and desaturated to MUFA, it has been proposed that these fatty acids may reflect carbohydrate-induced DNL. We aimed to test the hypothesis that high carbohydrate intake, especially sugars, is related to SFA and MUFA in serum and adipose tissue.Methods: Validated 7-day food records were collected and fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids (PL) and adipose tissue (AT) were measured in 63-year-old men (n=299). Stearoyl-CoA desaturate (SCD) activities in AT and PL were estimated by the palmitoleic acid (16:1) to palmitic acid (16:0) ratio. Associations of dietary carbohydrate, disaccharides, monosaccharides, carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio, and alcohol with the sum of even-chain SFA, 16:0, 16:1, and SCD activity were assessed using linear regression models with and without adjustment for BMI. Non-linear trends were evaluated using restricted cubic splines. In a subsample (n=81) with RNA measured in AT biopsies, associations of dietary carbohydrate and alcohol with SCD gene expression were assessed using linear regression models.Results: In BMI-adjusted models, intake of carbohydrates was inversely associated with palmitic acid in PL (P=0.005). Disaccharide intake was non-linearly associated with 16:1 and SCD activity in PL (P for nonlinear trend ≤0.02), with the lowest values observed in the mid tertile. Alcohol intake was linearly associated with 16:0 in PL (P<0.001) and with 16:1 (P<0.001) and SCD activity (P ≤0.005) in AT. Alcohol intake was non-linear associated (P≤0.02) with 16:1 and SCD activity in PL; with initially stable levels at lower intakes that rapidly increased at intakes above median. In the subsample, we found no associations between carbohydrate intake and SCD gene expression (P ≥0.08).Conclusion: In this Swedish population, we found no evidence to suggest that higher carbohydrate intake or sugar-rich foods or beverages is reflected by higher SFA in PL and AT.Instead, alcohol was consistently associated with higher SFA and MUFA.
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| 3. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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CarbohydrateIntake and Abdominal Obesity in Swedish Men
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ABSTRACTBackground/Objectives: Associations between carbohydrates, particularly simple sugar and starch, and abdominal anthropometric measures appears controversial. However, the role of dietary carbohydrate intake in obesity and abdominal obesity has been debated, and few studies have been conducted in Nordic populations. We aim to examine the associations between carbohydrate quantity and quality, and anthropometric measures in Swedish men.Subjects/Methods: A cross-sectional investigation of 301 63-year-old men was conducted. Six men were excluded due to missing data on dietary intake and anthropometric measures, leaving 295 men for the present study. Healthy men were recruited from the Swedish 60YO cohort of men and women who had a health screening between 1997 to 1999. Carbohydrate and alcohol intake were assessed by a 7-days food record. The examination included anthropometric measurements (e. g., weight, BMI, WC, WHR, and SAD), fasting blood samples, and a comprehensive questionnaire. Spearman rank correlation and linear regression models were performed to assess relations between dietary intakes and anthropometric measures. Intakes of macronutrients were energy-adjusted according to the residual method. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI for abdominal obesity per intake tertiles.Results: Intakes of carbohydrate, monosaccharide, fibers, and fruits and vegetables correlated negatively with anthropometric measures of overall obesity (BMI) and AO (WC, WHR, and SAD). Total carbohydrate intake was significantly inversely associated with WHR and SAD. Likewise, monosaccharide intake was significantly associated with lower BMI, WC, WHR, and SAD. In contrast, alcohol intake was significantly associated with weight, BMI, WC, and SAD (Table 4). Alcohol intake was associated with AO (P for linear trend 0.002). Men in the highest tertile of alcohol intake were almost three times as likely to have AO compared to the men in the lowest tertile of intake, OR (95% CI): 2.93 (1.40-6.16). There was no evidence of non-linear association between the macronutrients and AO.Conclusion: In this Swedish population of older men, higher intakes of total carbohydrates and monosaccharides were associated a more favorable body fat distribution and lower abdominal adiposity. Men with higher alcohol intake were more likely to have AO as compared with a lower intake.
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| 4. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of a 21-item food questionnaire with a 7-day dietary registration andbiomarkers of fat intake in a Swedish cohort of 60-year-old adults.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractPurpose. To evaluate a 21-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in men participating in alarge cohort of Swedish 60-year-old adults (60YO).Methods. A self-reported FFQ (including 21 qualitative and semi-quantitative questions) was completed by >2000 men as part of a detailed baseline examination. A subsample of 301 men was included in a subsequent study in which detailed dietary habits were determined by a 7-day food record. Spearman rank correlations (r) and weighted Kappa (Kw) statistics were used to compare food intake categories in FFQ and 7-day food record. Furthermore, fatty acid (FA) composition in serum cholesteryl esters, assessed concurrent with the FFQ completion, was used to evaluate intakes of specific fat-rich foods from the FFQ.Results. We found good agreement between FFQ and food records for the reported intake ofalcohol (r=0.72, Kw=0.51), margarine (r=0.60, Kw=0.33), and fruit (r=0.49, Kw=0.31), reasonably good agreement for total fish (r=0.25, Kw=0.23), and egg (r=0.35, Kw=0.28), but poor agreement for other food groups such as bread, cheese, vegetables and cookies. In addition, serum proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated FAs and pentadecanoic acid were significantly higher in men with greater intakes of fish and cheese, respectively.Conclusion. In this evaluation of a short FFQ against 7-d food records and serum biomarkers of fat intake we found that the FFQ reasonably well reflected the intake of certain food groups (e.g. alcohol, fish, and margarine), but performed less accurate for other food groups. Firm and overallconclusions on validity are confined by the time-lag between the test and the reference method.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Alsharari, Zayed, et al.
(författare)
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Serum Fatty Acids, Desaturase Activities and Abdominal Obesity - A Population-Based Study of 60-Year Old Men and Women
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abdominal obesity is a key contributor of metabolic disease. Recent trials suggest that dietary fat quality affects abdominal fat content, where palmitic acid and linoleic acid influence abdominal obesity differently, while effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are less studied. Also, fatty acid desaturation may be altered in abdominal obesity. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations of serum fatty acids and desaturases with abdominal obesity prevalence in a population-based cohort study. Serum cholesteryl ester fatty acids composition was measured by gas chromatography in 60-year old men (n = 1883) and women (n = 2015). Cross-sectional associations of fatty acids with abdominal obesity prevalence and anthropometric measures (e.g., sagittal abdominal diameter) were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted logistic and linear regression models, respectively. Similar models were employed to investigate relations between desaturase activities (estimated by fatty acid ratios) and abdominal obesity. In logistic regression analyses, palmitic acid, stearoyl-CoA- desaturase and Delta 6-desaturase indices were associated with abdominal obesity; multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for highest versus lowest quartiles were 1.45 (1.19-1.76), 4.06 (3.27-5.05), and 3.07 (2.51-3.75), respectively. Linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, docohexaenoic acid, and Delta 5-desaturase were inversely associated with abdominal obesity; multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): 0.39 (0.32-0.48), 0.74 (0.61-0.89), 0.76 (0.62-0.93), and 0.40 (0.33-0.49), respectively. Eicosapentaenoic acid was not associated with abdominal obesity. Similar results were obtained from linear regression models evaluating associations with different anthropometric measures. Sex-specific and linear associations were mainly observed for n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, while associations of the other exposures were generally non-linear and similar across sexes. In accordance with findings from short-term trials, abdominal obesity was more common among individuals with relatively high proportions of palmitic acid, whilst the contrary was true for linoleic acid. Further trials should examine the potential role of linoleic acid and its main dietary source, vegetable oils, in abdominal obesity prevention.
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep disturbances and physical inactivity impair health related quality of life in adult asthmatics
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Sleep disturbances and physical inactivity have only sparsely been studied in relation to health related quality of life (HRQL) in adult asthmatics. Aim: to investigate sleep disturbances and physical inactivity in relation to HRQL in adult asthmatics. Method: The sample (n=737), aged between 21 and 85 years, selected from the OLIN-studies participated in structured interviews about respiratory health, sleep, physical activity and questionnaires on mental and physical HRQL. Results: Sleep disturbances were more common in asthmatics than in non-asthmatics: snoring (p=0.018), difficulties falling asleep (p=0.025), many nocturnal awakenings (p=0.001), daytime sleepiness (p=0.001), early awakenings (p=0.002). Lower mental HRQL was found in asthmatics with difficulties falling asleep (p=0.001), in asthmatics reporting daytime sleepiness (p=0.010) than asthmatics without sleep disturbances. Lower physical HRQL was found in asthmatics with daytime sleepiness (p=0.002), early awakenings (p=0.001) and many nocturnal awakenings (p=0.039) than asthmatics without these sleep disturbances. Lower physical HRQL was found in physically inactive asthmatics than in physically active asthmatics (p=0.034). Physical activity (p=0.008) and asthma control (p=0.049) were stronger predictors of low physical HRQL than sleep disturbances. Difficulties falling asleep (p=0.001) and many nocturnal awakenings (p=0.04) were identified as negative predictors of mental HRQL while asthma control was a non-significant predictor. Conclusion: Helping adult asthmatics to improve their sleeping habits and to increase their physical activity will have a positive impact on their HRQL. Malin Axelssona, Mai Leanderb, Helena Backmanc, Linnea Hedmanc, Eva Rönmarkc a Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden b Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden c Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Axel C., et al.
(författare)
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Financial stress in late adulthood and diverse risks of incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in women and men
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Financial stress may have adverse health effects. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether having a cash margin and living alone or cohabiting is associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Methods: Representative population-based prospective cohort study of 60-year-old women (n = 2065) and men (n = 1939) in Stockholm County, Sweden. National registers were used to identify cases of incident CVD (n = 375) and all-cause mortality (n = 385). The presence of a cash margin was determined in the questionnaire with the following question: Would you, if an unexpected situation occurred, be able to raise 10 000 SEK within a week? (This was equivalent to US$ 1250 in 1998). Results: Compared with cohabiting women with a cash margin, the risk of all-cause mortality was higher among cohabiting women without a cash margin, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-3.66). Using cohabiting men with cash margin as referent, single men without a cash margin were at an increased risk of both incident CVD and all-cause mortality: HR 2.84 (95% CI 1.61-4.99) and 2.78 (95% CI 1.69-4.56), respectively. Single men with cash margins still had an increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared with cohabiting men with a cash margin: HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.22-2.28). Conclusions: Financial stress may increase the risks of incident CVD and all-cause mortality, especially among men. Furthermore these risks are likely to be greater in men living in single households and in women without cash margins. Living with a partner seems to protect men, but not women, from ill-health associated with financial stress due to the lack of a cash margin.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in anthropometric measures in immigrants and Swedish-born individuals : results from two community-based cohort studies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 69, s. 151-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study differences in body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), waist-hip-height ratio (WHHR) and percent body fat in immigrants and Swedish-born men and women in two large population-based samples.METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 60-year-old individuals, n=4 232. To replicate the results, we also assessed another large independent cohort cross-sectionally, the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDC, n=26 777). The data from both cohorts were collected in the 1990s in Sweden.RESULTS: Significant differences between Finnish-born, Middle Eastern and women from the rest of the world were seen for all anthropometric measures, using Swedish-born women as referent. However, WHHR was the only anthropometric measure that identified all these three groups of immigrant women as different from Swedish-born women with high statistical certainty (p<0.001). Apart from WHHR that identified differences in anthropometry in all immigrant groups of men using Swedish-born men as referent, few significant differences were seen in anthropometry among groups of immigrant men. These finding were observed in both cohorts, and remained after adjustments for smoking, physical activity and educational level.CONCLUSION: The present study confirms previous findings of more obesity among immigrants and is the first to report that WHHR measurements may detect anthropometric differences between different ethnic groups better than other anthropometrical measures.
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