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- Dawson, George J., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence studies of GB virus-C infection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - 1096-9071. ; 50:1, s. 97-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the three recently described GB viruses (GBV-A, GBV-B, and GBV-C), only GBV-C has been linked to cryptogenic hepatitis in man. Because of the limited utility of currently available research tests to determine antibody response to GBV-C proteins, the prevalence of GBV-C RNA in human sera was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prevalence of GBV-C is higher among volunteer blood donors with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (3.9%) than among volunteer blood donors with normal ALT levels (0.8%). Higher rates were also noted among commercial blood donors (12.9%) and intravenous drug users (16.0%). GBV-C was frequently detected in residents of West Africa, where the prevalence was > 10% in most age groups. Approximately 20% of patients diagnosed with either acute or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) were found to be positive for GBV-C RNA. In addition, GBV-C RNA sequences were detected in individuals diagnosed with non-A-E hepatitis, with clinical courses ranging from mild disease to fulminant hepatitis. Fourteen of sixteen subjects with or without clinically apparent hepatitis were positive for GBV-C RNA more than 1 year after the initial positive result.
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| 3. |
- Hughes, C, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation of current services available for people diagnosed with head and neck cancer in the UK (2009-2010).
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Oncology. - 0936-6555 .- 1433-2981. ; 24:10, s. e187-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To evaluate current care and service provision for people with head and neck cancer in the UK.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Self-report questionnaires for cancer networks, clinical leads of oncology units and leads for multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) were designed. These questionnaires were based on a previous survey. Questionnaires were sent out between 2009 and 2010.RESULTS: Questionnaires were received from all networks (n = 37), most oncology units (48 of 53) and most MDTs (51 of 63). Care for people with head and neck cancer is increasingly being provided by a centralised MDT. The membership of these teams varies; facilities available for team meetings are fit for purpose in most cases. MDTs are meeting frequently (weekly meetings in 96%) and discussing on average 18 cases at each meeting (95% confidence interval 15-21 cases). Most oncologists have access to all common anti-cancer drugs and most have access to all forms of radiotherapy. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is not yet available in some oncology units (28%). A small number of units have only one oncologist (13%). Despite audit and research being part of the rationale for MDT working, regular discussion of morbidity and mortality is unusual (40%) and use of a database to record decisions is not universal. Only seven centres record decisions into the Data for Head and Neck Oncology database. Reported recruitment to studies is generally low (<2% of cases enrolled in studies in 62%).CONCLUSIONS: Head and neck cancer care is increasingly provided through a centralised MDT. Increased resources and further changes in practice are required to implement current National Health Service cancer policy. Teams need to improve recording of their decision-making, discuss morbidity and mortality and support recruitment to clinical studies.
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- Wood, Laura D, et al.
(författare)
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The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 318:5853, s. 1108-1113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
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