| 3. |
- Wernly, B, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-specific outcome disparities in very old patients admitted to intensive care medicine: a propensity matched analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1, s. 18671-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Female and male very elderly intensive patients (VIPs) might differ in characteristics and outcomes. We aimed to compare female versus male VIPs in a large, multinational collective of VIPs with regards to outcome and predictors of mortality. In total, 7555 patients were included in this analysis, 3973 (53%) male and 3582 (47%) female patients. The primary endpoint was 30-day-mortality. Baseline characteristics, data on management and geriatric scores including frailty assessed by Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) were documented. Two propensity scores (for being male) were obtained for consecutive matching, score 1 for baseline characteristics and score 2 for baseline characteristics and ICU management. Male VIPs were younger (83 ± 5 vs. 84 ± 5; p < 0.001), less often frail (CFS > 4; 38% versus 49%; p < 0.001) but evidenced higher SOFA (7 ± 6 versus 6 ± 6 points; p < 0.001) scores. After propensity score matching, no differences in baseline characteristics could be observed. In the paired analysis, the mortality in male VIPs was higher (mean difference 3.34% 95%CI 0.92–5.76%; p = 0.007) compared to females. In both multivariable logistic regression models correcting for propensity score 1 (aOR 1.15 95%CI 1.03–1.27; p = 0.007) and propensity score 2 (aOR 1.15 95%CI 1.04–1.27; p = 0.007) male sex was independently associated with higher odds for 30-day-mortality. Of note, male gender was not associated with ICU mortality (OR 1.08 95%CI 0.98–1.19; p = 0.14). Outcomes of elderly intensive care patients evidenced independent sex differences. Male sex was associated with adverse 30-day-mortality but not ICU-mortality. Further research to identify potential sex-specific risk factors after ICU discharge is warranted.Trial registration: NCT03134807 and NCT03370692; Registered on May 1, 2017 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03370692.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Mesh phases in a ternary nonionic surfactant, oil, and water system
- 2006
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 22:26, s. 10951-10957
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binary system of hexaethylene glycol n-hexadecyl ether (C16EO6) and water ((H2O)-H-2) has a complex, temperature-dependent lyotropic phase sequence, in the concentration region of 48-62 wt %. On cooling it shows the sequence lamellar phase, L-alpha, random mesh phase Mh(1)(0), rhombohedral mesh phase, Mh(R (3) over bar hm), bicontinuous cubic phase, V-1(Ia (3) over bar hd), and a two-phase hexagonal region, H-1 + L-beta. On heating from the latter two- phase region the phase sequence is V-1(Ia (3) over bar hd), Mh(1)(0), and L alpha. Polarizing optical microscopy, H-2 nuclear magnetic resonance, and small-angle X-ray scattering have been used to study the stability of these phases, their sequence, and their physical parameters with the addition of the oils, 1-hexene, decane, and octadecane. The oils are located within the alkyl chain regions of the mesophase structures. Depending on whether the added oil is "penetrating" or "swelling", it may reside in the region between the C-16 alkyl chains of the surfactant or at the center of the bilayer and affect phase stability. Oils affect both the volume of the alkyl chain region (at fixed surfactant water mole ratio) and the rigidity of the interfacial region. Both effects can influence the phase structures and their ranges of stability. Adding different types of oil to the mesh phases gives an opportunity to understand the factors that are important in their formation. The transition from the Mh(1)(R (3) over barm) phase to Mh(1)(0) phase is triggered by the hydrocarbon region swelling to a critical volume fraction of 0.32, a surfactant rod radius of similar to 1.75 nm, and a critical water layer thickness of similar to 2.5 nm. The latter is most likely responsible for a weakening of the interlayer headgroup overlap interaction and the loss of correlation between the layers. The lamellar phase becomes the only stable phase at high oil content.
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