| 1. |
- Kim, Joon Tae, et al.
(författare)
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Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial : Rationale and design
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Stroke. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 18:8, s. 1015-1020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel-aspirin for the large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke subtype has been debated. Aims: To determine whether the 1-year risk of recurrent vascular events could be reduced by a longer duration of DAPT in patients with the LAA stroke subtype. Methods and study design: A total of 4806 participants will be recruited to detect a statistically significant relative risk reduction of 22% with 80% power and a two-sided alpha error of 0.05, including a 10% loss to follow-up. This is a registry-based, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 12-month duration of DAPT compared with a 3-month duration of DAPT in the LAA stroke subtype. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to either DAPT for 12 months or DAPT for 3 months, followed by monotherapy (either aspirin or clopidogrel) for the remaining 9 months. Study outcomes: The primary efficacy outcome of the study is a composite of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality for 1 year after the index stroke. The secondary efficacy outcomes are (1) stroke, (2) ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, (3) hemorrhagic stroke, and (4) all-cause mortality. The primary safety outcome is major bleeding. Discussion: This study will help stroke physicians determine the appropriate duration of dual therapy with clopidogrel-aspirin for patients with the LAA stroke subtype. Trial registration: URL: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris. CRIS Registration Number: KCT0004407.
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| 2. |
- Kim, Kwangwoo, et al.
(författare)
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High-density genotyping of immune loci in Koreans and Europeans identifies eight new rheumatoid arthritis risk loci
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 74:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective A highly polygenic aetiology and high degree of allele-sharing between ancestries have been well elucidated in genetic studies of rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, the high-density genotyping array Immunochip for immune disease loci identified 14 new rheumatoid arthritis risk loci among individuals of European ancestry. Here, we aimed to identify new rheumatoid arthritis risk loci using Korean-specific Immunochip data. Methods We analysed Korean rheumatoid arthritis case-control samples using the Immunochip and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) array to search for new risk alleles of rheumatoid arthritis with anticitrullinated peptide antibodies. To increase power, we performed a meta-analysis of Korean data with previously published European Immunochip and GWAS data for a total sample size of 9299 Korean and 45 790 European case-control samples. Results We identified eight new rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility loci (TNFSF4, LBH, EOMES, ETS1-FLI1, COG6, RAD51B, UBASH3A and SYNGR1) that passed a genome-wide significance threshold (p<5x10(-8)), with evidence for three independent risk alleles at 1q25/TNFSF4. The risk alleles from the seven new loci except for the TNFSF4 locus (monomorphic in Koreans), together with risk alleles from previously established RA risk loci, exhibited a high correlation of effect sizes between ancestries. Further, we refined the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that represent potentially causal variants through a trans-ethnic comparison of densely genotyped SNPs. Conclusions This study demonstrates the advantage of dense-mapping and trans-ancestral analysis for identification of potentially causal SNPs. In addition, our findings support the importance of T cells in the pathogenesis and the fact of frequent overlap of risk loci among diverse autoimmune diseases.
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| 3. |
- Lee, Seung Joon, et al.
(författare)
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Microslit on a chip: A simplified filter to capture circulating tumor cells enlarged with microbeads
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microchips are widely used to separate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from whole blood by virtues of sophisticated manipulation for microparticles. Here, we present a chip with an 8 µm high and 27.9 mm wide slit to capture cancer cells bound to 3 µm beads. Apart from a higher purity and recovery rate, the slit design allows for simplified fabrication, easy cell imaging, less clogging, lower chamber pressure and, therefore, higher throughput. The beads were conjugated with anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecules (anti-EpCAM) to selectively bind to breast cancer cells (MCF-7) used to spike the whole blood. The diameter of the cell-bead construct was in average 23.1 µm, making them separable from other cells in the blood. As a result, the cancer cells were separated from 5 mL of whole blood with a purity of 52.0% and a recovery rate of 91.1%, and also we confirmed that the device can be applicable to clinical samples of human breast cancer patients. The simple design with microslit, by eliminating any high-aspect ratio features, is expected to reduce possible defects on the chip and, therefore, more suitable for mass production without false separation outputs.
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| 4. |
- Jeon, Iksoo, et al.
(författare)
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Neuronal Properties, In Vivo Effects, and Pathology of a Huntington's Disease Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Stem Cells. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1549-4918 .- 1066-5099. ; 30:9, s. 2054-2062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from somatic cells of patients can be used to model different human diseases. They may also serve as sources of transplantable cells that can be used in novel cell therapies. Here, we analyzed neuronal properties of an iPSC line derived from a patient with a juvenile form of Huntington's disease (HD) carrying 72 CAG repeats (HD-iPSC). Although its initial neural inducing activity was lower than that of human embryonic stem cells, we found that HD-iPSC can give rise to GABAergic striatal neurons, the neuronal cell type that is most susceptible to degeneration in HD. We then transplanted HD-iPSC-derived neural precursors into a rat model of HD with a unilateral excitotoxic striatal lesion and observed a significant behavioral recovery in the grafted rats. Interestingly, during our in vitro culture and when the grafts were examined at 12 weeks after transplantation, no aggregate formation was detected. However, when the culture was treated with a proteasome inhibitor (MG132) or when the cells engrafted into neonatal brains were analyzed at 33 weeks, there were clear signs of HD pathology. Taken together, these results indicate that, although HD-iPSC carrying 72 CAG repeats can form GABAergic neurons and give rise to functional effects in vivo, without showing an overt HD phenotype, it is highly susceptible to proteasome inhibition and develops HD pathology at later stages of transplantation. These unique features of HD-iPSC will serve as useful tools to study HD pathology and develop novel therapeutics. Stem Cells 2012; 30: 20542062
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| 5. |
- Kim, Minjin, et al.
(författare)
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Conformal quantum dot-SnO2 layers as electron transporters for efficient perovskite solar cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375:6578, s. 302-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improvements to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have focused on increasing their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability and maintaining high performance upon scale-up to module sizes. We report that replacing the commonly used mesoporous-titanium dioxide electron transport layer (ETL) with a thin layer of polyacrylic acid-stabilized tin(IV) oxide quantum dots (paa-QD-SnO2) on the compact-titanium dioxide enhanced light capture and largely suppressed nonradiative recombination at the ETL-perovskite interface. The use of paa-QD-SnO2 as electron-selective contact enabled PSCs (0.08 square centimeters) with a PCE of 25.7% (certified 25.4%) and high operational stability and facilitated the scale-up of the PSCs to larger areas. PCEs of 23.3, 21.7, and 20.6% were achieved for PSCs with active areas of 1, 20, and 64 square centimeters, respectively.
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| 6. |
- Malehmir, Alireza, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Fault intersections control short period intraplate start-stop seismicity in the Korean Peninsula
- 2022
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Ingår i: Tectonophysics. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After the devastating Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw 9.0, 2011) in Japan, the Korean Peninsula has experienced a higher number of large, plus Mw 5.0, earthquakes than recorded in the preceding half century of modern monitoring. In addition, seismicity has dramatically increased along with seismic waves arriving later than prior to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, suggesting that the Korean crust has notably been perturbed. South Korea is densely populated, hence knowledge about active faults and earthquake mechanisms is of great relevance for public safety and risk mitigations. Quaternary faults, including the Chugaryeong crustal-scale fault, run through the Seoul metropolitan area and recent seismicity studies suggest that these faults are active. Based on two reflection seismic profiles, we provide compelling evidence that the depth clustered seismicity along the Chugaryeong fault is associated with the intersections of other fault systems. The two seismicity clusters, observed at two depth intervals of approximately 4.5???5 and 8???9 km, can be linked with two moderately-to-steeply-dipping bands of reflectivity interpreted to be splay faults and terminating at the Chugaryeong sub-vertical fault. We suggest that stress builds up at these fault intersections and is then released via strike-slip ruptures along the Chugaryeong fault. Time-clustered seismic events at the fault intersections support this hypothesis, indicating a start-stop mechanism is controlling the seismicity in the region at least based on nearly one decade of seismicity observations. The start-stop seismicity behaviour can possibly be used for forecasting earthquakes and their switching depth along the Chugaryeong fault.
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| 7. |
- Zappalá, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Crustal-Scale Fault Systems in the Korean Peninsula Unraveled by Reflection Seismic Data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Earth and Space Science. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2333-5084. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An approximately 40-km long high-resolution reflection seismic profile (P3) was acquired in the metropolitan area of Seoul in South Korea for the purpose of fault system imaging in a highly noisy and challenging urban environment. Two 12t seismic vibrators (mini-vibs) were used as the seismic source. Data were recorded using a dual element seismic spread; 20 m spaced 421 wireless seismic recorders connected to 10 Hz geophones and 20 micro-electro-mechanical-based landstreamer sensors (2 m sensor spacing) attached to one of the vibrators. The purpose of the dual spread employed was to delineate both near-surface and deep structures. The processing results show good quality and the processing work was complemented by different analysis to further constraints the geological interpretation. The survey results provide evidence for the 3D geometry of three fault systems, including Chugaryeong, Pocheon, and Wangsukcheon faults. A gently westerly dipping set of reflectivity underlying a dome-shaped package of reflectivity is interpreted as a fault, and could project to the known surface position of the Pocheon fault. The dome-shaped reflectivity is interpreted as folded and faulted dyke or sill systems. Downward continuation of the interpreted fault intersects the sub-vertical Chugaryeong fault in a zone where the current seismicity is observed, suggesting that these two major fault systems may have jointly evolved in the form of splay faults. Reflections from the Wangsukcheon fault are also present in the data and interpreted to dip approximately 60 degrees to the east, in an opposite direction to the two other faults.
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| 8. |
- Kim, Tae Kyung, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of Microfluidic Platform with Optimized Fluidic Network toward On-Chip Parallel Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment Process
- 2011
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Ingår i: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. - 0021-4922. ; 50:6, s. 05-06
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the design and fabrication of a microplatform with the optimal fluidic network for an on-chip parallel "systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment" (SELEX) process. The effectiveness of the optimized fluidic network for on-chip five-plex aptamer screening was verified by measuring the airflow rate at the elution ports and visualizing the specific elution during the SELEX process. The proposed device with an optimally designed hydraulic resistance-balanced channel network could be feasible and utilized as a multiplex selection module for a parallel SELEX process. (c) 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
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| 9. |
- Wåhlin, Anna, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Subinertial Oscillations on the Amundsen Sea Shelf, Antarctica
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670. ; 46:9, s. 2573-2582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mooring data from the western flank of Dotson Trough, Amundsen Sea shelf region, show the presence of barotropic oscillations with a period of 40-80 hours. The oscillations are visible in velocity, temperature, salinity and pressure, and are comparable to tides in magnitude. The period of the oscillations corresponds to topographic Rossby waves of low group velocity and wavelength about 40 km, i.e. the half-width of the channel. It is suggested that these resonant topographic Rossby waves cause the observed peak in the wave spectra. The observations show that sparse CTD data from this region should be treated with caution and need to be complemented with moorings or yo-yo stations in order to give a representative picture for the hydrography.
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