| 1. |
- Coley, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma p-tau181 as an outcome and predictor of multidomain intervention effects: a secondary analysis of a randomised, controlled, dementia prevention trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Healthy Longevity. - 2666-7568. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is unknown whether multidomain interventions, which might preserve late-life cognition, affect Alzheimer's disease pathology. Previous studies measured cerebrospinal fluid and imaging Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in small subsamples of multidomain trial participants. Newly developed assays enable the measurement of blood-based Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in larger samples. We aimed to assess whether plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) was able to detect or predict 3-year multidomain intervention effects. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the randomised, controlled, Multidomain Alzheimer Prevention Trial (MAPT) testing a 3-year multidomain intervention, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, or both versus placebo, in individuals aged 70 years and older in 13 memory centres in France and Monaco. Plasma p-tau181 was measured in stored blood samples in a subsample of 527 participants on an intention-to-treat basis. Changes in cognitive score were calculated as a composite measure using the average of Z scores for the following tests: Mini Mental State Examination orientation items, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (sum of free and total recall scores), category fluency, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Intervention effects on 3-year change in p-tau181 concentration were estimated by use of a linear mixed model with centre-specific random intercepts. Findings: Recruitment took place between May 30, 2008, and Feb 24, 2011. Median baseline plasma p-tau181 was 8·8 pg/mL (IQR 6·7–11·9) in the total sample, and significantly higher in older individuals, men, APOE ε4 carriers, and participants with renal dysfunction or a positive PET amyloid scan. During 3-year follow-up, individuals with raised baseline p-tau181 underwent greater cognitive decline (eg, mean difference in 3-year change on the composite cognitive score between control group participants with normal and abnormal baseline levels of p-tau was −0·34 [effect size −0·52; 95% CI −0·61 to 0·07] in the fully adjusted model using a 12·4 pg/mL cutoff for abnormal baseline p-tau181), but there were no intervention effects on change in p-tau181 either in this subgroup or the total population, and no effect on cognitive change in individuals with raised baseline p-tau181 (eg, in the fully adjusted model using the 12·4 pg/mL cutoff for p-tau181 abnormality, the mean difference [95% CI] in this subgroup in 3-year decline on the composite cognitive score between the control group and the multidomain + omega-3 group, the omega-3 group, and the multidomain intervention group, was, respectively: 0·13 [−0·21 to 0·47], 0·03 [−0·30 to 0·36], and 0·10 [−0·26 to 0·46]). Surprisingly, individuals with raised baseline p-tau181 showed a decrease in p-tau181 during follow-up (eg, unadjusted mean [95% CI] 3-year change was −3·01 pg/mL (−4·45 to −1·56) in control group subjects with abnormal baseline p-tau181 [using the 12·4 pg/mL abnormal p-tau cutoff]). Interpretation: Our results support the utility of p-tau181 as a prognostic biomarker, but it did not predict or detect intervention effects in this study. Further investigation of its usefulness as a prevention trial outcome measure is required.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Davranche, Aurélie, et al.
(författare)
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Space based tools to monitor the habitats of migratory waterbirds
- 2010
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Ingår i: The abstract book. ; , s. 44-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Natural fluctuations in the availability of suitable habitat coupled with anthropogenic activities (hunting, agriculture, tourism, urbanism) and anticipated modifications due to climate change confront migratory waterbirds with a formidable challenge. Among them, dabbling ducks, greatly rely on local exogenous resources to fulfil their energy requirements. Habitat suitability along their flyway is of primary importance as any change might induce dramatic effects on individual survival and breeding success. Although, the monitoring of such sensitive flooded areas that are wetlands stopover sites is usually complex, space based techniques, with an exhaustive and systematic covering of the territory and a periodical data acquisition, can explore cost-efficiently the ecological conditions for migratory species in these environments. Hence, multiseason reflectance data from radiometrically and geometrically corrected multispectral SPOT-5 scenes, combined with thorough field campaigns and land cover digitizing using data mining, can provide robust tools for habitat monitoring and help the conservation of wetlands for migrants.
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| 4. |
- Davranche, Aurélie, et al.
(författare)
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Space based tools to monitor the habitats of migratory waterbirds
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Natural fluctuations in the availability of suitable habitat coupled with anthropogenic activities (hunting, agriculture, tourism, urbanism) and anticipated modifications due to climate change confront migratory waterbirds with a formidable challenge. Among them, dabbling ducks, greatly rely on local exogenous resources to fulfil their energy requirements. Habitat suitability along their flyway is of primary importance as any change might induce dramatic effects on individual survival and breeding success. Although, the monitoring of such sensitive flooded areas that are wetlands stopover sites is usually complex, space based techniques, with an exhaustive and systematic covering of the territory and a periodical data acquisition, can explore cost-efficiently the ecological conditions for migratory species in these environments. Hence, multiseason reflectance data from radiometrically and geometrically corrected multispectral SPOT-5 scenes, combined with thorough field campaigns and land cover digitizing using data mining, can provide robust tools for habitat monitoring and help the conservation of wetlands for migrants.
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| 5. |
- Demczuk, Walter, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic epidemiology and molecular resistance mechanisms of azithromycin resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada from 1997 to 2014
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - Washington, USA : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 54:5, s. 1304-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins and azithromycin resistance (AZM-R) represent a public health threat of untreatable gonorrhoea infections. Genomic epidemiology through whole genome sequencing was used to describe the emergence, dissemination, and spread of AZM-R strains. The genomes of 213 AZM-R and 23 AZM-susceptible N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected in Canada from 1989 to 2014 were sequenced. Core single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) phylogenomic analysis resolved 246 isolates into 13 lineages. High-level AZM-R (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥256 μg/ml) was found in 5 phylogenetically diverse isolates, all of which possessed the A2059G mutation (Escherichia coli numbering) in all four 23S rRNA alleles. One high-level AZM-R isolate collected in 2009 concurrently had decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC=0.125 μg/ml). An increase in the number of 23S rRNA alleles with the C2611T mutations (E. coli numbering) conferred low to moderate AZM-R (2 to 4 and 8 to 32 μg/mL, respectively). Low level AZM-R was also associated with mtrR promoter mutations including -35A deletion and the presence of N. meningitidis-like sequences. Geographic and temporal phylogenetic clustering indicate emergent AZM-R strains arise independently and can then rapidly expand clonally in a region through local sexual networks.
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| 6. |
- Ingegnoli, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison between nailfold capillaroscopy patterns in adulthood in juvenile and adult-onset systemic sclerosis: A EUSTAR exploratory study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Microvascular Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9319 .- 0026-2862. ; 102, s. 19-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Qualitative capillaroscopy patterns in juvenile- and adult-onset systemic sclerosis (SSc) were studied in adulthood using data from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) database. Methods: Data collected between June 2004 and April 2013 were examined with focus on capillaroscopy. In this retrospective exploratory study, series of patients with juvenile-onset SSc were matched with series of adult-onset SSc having the same gender and autoantibody profile. Results: 30 of 123 patients with juvenile-onset and 2108 of 7133 with adult-onset SSc had data on capillaroscopy. Juvenile-onset SSc showed scleroderma pattern more frequently than adult-onset SSc (93.3% and 88%). The OR was 2.44 and 95% Cl 0.57-10.41. An active scleroderma pattern was present in 58% of juvenile- and 61% of adult-onset SSc. The OR was 0.91 and 95% Cl 0.28-2.93. The late scleroderma pattern was present in 61% of juvenile- and 55.5% of adult-onset SSc. The OR was 1.06 and 95% Cl 0.34-3.56. Conclusion: This is the first exploratory study on the comparison of capillaroscopy between juvenile- and adult-onset SSc in adulthood. Juvenile-onset SSc had an increase prevalence of sderoderma pattern, but a similar distribution of the three patterns was suggested. Further studies are needed to define this issue. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Kowal-Bielecka, Otylia, et al.
(författare)
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Update of EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 76, s. 1327-1339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to update the 2009 European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc), with attention to new therapeutic questions. Update of the previous treatment recommendations was performed according to EULAR standard operating procedures. The task force consisted of 32 SSc clinical experts from Europe and the USA, 2 patients nominated by the pan-European patient association for SSc (Federation of European Scleroderma Associations (FESCA)), a clinical epidemiologist and 2 research fellows. All centres from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research group were invited to submit and select clinical questions concerning SSc treatment using a Delphi approach. Accordingly, 46 clinical questions addressing 26 different interventions were selected for systematic literature review. The new recommendations were based on the available evidence and developed in a consensus meeting with clinical experts and patients. The procedure resulted in 16 recommendations being developed (instead of 14 in 2009) that address treatment of several SSc-related organ complications: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), digital ulcers (DUs), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), skin and lung disease, scleroderma renal crisis and gastrointestinal involvement. Compared with the 2009 recommendations, the 2016 recommendations include phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors for the treatment of SSc-related RP and DUs, riociguat, new aspects for endothelin receptor antagonists, prostacyclin analogues and PDE-5 inhibitors for SSc-related PAH. New recommendations regarding the use of fluoxetine for SSc-related RP and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for selected patients with rapidly progressive SSc were also added. In addition, several comments regarding other treatments addressed in clinical questions and suggestions for the SSc research agenda were formulated. These updated data-derived and consensus-derived recommendations will help rheumatologists to manage patients with SSc in an evidence-based way. These recommendations also give directions for future clinical research in SSc.
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| 8. |
- Sirami, Clélia, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:33, s. 16442-16447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself (hereafter “crop heterogeneity”) can also have positive effects on biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions of Europe and North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients of crop diversity and mean field size. Within each landscape, we selected 3 sampling sites in 1, 2, or 3 crop types. We sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, and birds) and calculated a synthetic index of multitrophic diversity at the landscape level. Increasing crop heterogeneity was more beneficial for multitrophic diversity than increasing seminatural cover. For instance, the effect of decreasing mean field size from 5 to 2.8 ha was as strong as the effect of increasing seminatural cover from 0.5 to 11%. Decreasing mean field size benefited multitrophic diversity even in the absence of seminatural vegetation between fields. Increasing the number of crop types sampled had a positive effect on landscape-level multitrophic diversity. However, the effect of increasing crop diversity in the landscape surrounding fields sampled depended on the amount of seminatural cover. Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production.
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