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| 2. |
- Bergamaschi, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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European Obspack compilation of atmospheric carbon dioxide data from ICOS and non-ICOS European stations for the period 1972-2023; : obspack_co2_466_GLOBALVIEWplus_v8.0_2023-04-26
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This data package contains high accuracy CO2 dry air mole fractions from 58 ICOS and non-ICOS European observatories at in total 132 observation levels, collected by the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC) and provided by the station contributors. The package is part of the Globalviewplus v8.0 data product, released in 2022 and is intended for use in carbon cycle inverse modeling, model evaluation, and satellite validation studies. Please report errors and send comments regarding this product to the ObsPack originators. Please read carefully the ObsPack Fair Use statement and cite appropriately. This is the sixth release of the GLOBALVIEWplus (GV+) cooperative data product. Please review the release notes for this product at www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/obspack/release_notes.html. Metadata for this product are available at https://commons.datacite.org/doi.org/10.18160/CEC4-CAGK. Please visit http://www.gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/obspack/ for more information.
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| 3. |
- Bocken, Nancy, et al.
(författare)
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Sufficiency Business Strategies in the Food Industry - The Case of Oatly
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food is an essential part of our daily lives, but simultaneously, it is a major contributor to environmental issues. The growing world population and changing diets are expected to further exacerbate the negative impact of food production and consumption. This article explores how suffciency business strategies, focused on moderating consumption levels, can be implemented in the food industry to curb demand and thereby overall resource consumption. First, a literature and practice review are conducted to create a conceptual framework for suffciency business strategies in the food industry. Second, a case study approach is taken to explore the application of suffciency strategies at Oatly, a company offering plant-based alternatives to dairy. Semi-structured interviews and review of the company's sustainability reports are used as key data sources for the case study. This study contributes to research and practice with a novel framework for business suffciency strategies in the food industry. Although suffciency implies consumption moderation, it is suggested that when a company substitutes the consumption of a less sustainable option, growth could be desirable. Future research can expand on viable suffciency strategies for the private sector, but also strategies to engage different stakeholders, such as government, society, and academia, to accelerate the transition towards a sustainable food system.
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| 5. |
- Chkanikova, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Private eco-brands and green market development: towards new forms of sustainable governance in food retailing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 107, s. 74-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study seeks to analyze the role of retail eco-brands in the development of markets for sustainability certified food products. Building on insights from the New Institutional Economics (NIE) paradigm, but also broader literature in the supply chain management and marketing research, we suggest that private eco-branding and third-party certification can be explained as private institutional arrangements that motivate and enable sustainability governance by retailers both upstream and downstream in the value chain. Based on semi-structured interviews with Western European retailers, this study reveals critical functions of retailers' sustainabilityeoriented brands. These functions address a number of inefficiencies pertained to the third-party certification, making eco-branding a private product policy tool to proac- tively set and implement sustainability in food production and consumption practices. At the same time, limitations associated with the development and use of private eco-brands are identified. Based on these limitations, we suggest that while retailer's eco-brands are likely to play an important role in trans- forming food markets towards higher levels of sustainability in the future, the continuous value of third- party certification schemes in implementing sustainability in the food supply chain should not be underestimated. The role of the latter will be to reduce transaction costs and liability risks associated with retail efforts to govern product sustainability issues upstream in the supply chain.
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| 8. |
- Curtis, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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Defining the Sharing Economy for Sustainability
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (1) Background: The sharing economy has emerged as a phenomenon widely described by academic literature to promote more sustainable consumption practices such as access over ownership. However, there exists great semantic confusion within academic literature surrounding the term “sharing economy,” which threatens the realisation of its purported sustainability potential. (2) Objective: The aim of this paper is to synthesise the existing academic definitions and propose a definition of the sharing economy from the perspective of sustainability science in order to indicate sharing practices that are consistent with the sustainability claims attributed to the sharing economy. (3) Methods: We conduct a database search to collect relevant academic articles. Then, we leverage qualitative content analysis in order to analyse the authors’ definitions and to synthesise the broad dimensions of the sharing economy in the discourse. (4) Results: We propose the following characteristics, or semantic properties, of the sharing economy for sustainability: ICT-mediated, non-pecuniary motivation for ownership, temporary access, rivalrous and tangible goods. (5) Conclusion: The semantic properties that inform our definition of the sharing economy for sustainability indicate those sharing practices that promote sustainable consumption compared to purely market-based exchanges. This definition is relevant for academics studying the sustainability impacts of the sharing economy in order to promote comparability and compatibility in research. Furthermore, the definition is useful for policy-makers, entrepreneurs, managers and consumers that have the sharing economy on the agenda in order to promote social enterprise and support sustainable consumption.
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| 9. |
- Dalhammar, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Politik och styrning för hållbar konsumtion. : En forskningsöversikt
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ongoing environmental crisis and the growing socio-economic disparities between different population groups are among the most significant challenges facing humanity. These problems are rooted in unsustainable consumption patterns, particularly in the more affluent societies worldwide. We, therefore, need to change existing consumption patterns, which is a considerable challenge. A sustainable level of consumption must respect planetary limits and be in line with climate change targets. In contrast, the consumption levels of the poorest parts of the world’s population needs to increase to allow their population to live a dignified life.The climate impact of Swedish consumption consists partly of the climate impact of activities in Sweden and partly of the climate impact of Swedish consumption that take place outside Sweden,for instance related to import of products. We see some reduction in consumption-based emissions, but not at a rate that will enable us to reach our climate targets. Sweden has introduced several progressive climate policies, but Swedish consumption has a very high environmental impact in other countries. This can partly be explained by our high purchasing power, the individualization of responsibility for consumption-related impacts, and the social context influencing our consumption behaviour. Research on sustainable consumption has long discussed the two main courses of action for achieving sustainable development. The first is weak sustainable consumption, which can be achieved mainly by changing consumption patterns through more eco-efficient/greener consumption and some shift towards the consumption of less environmentally damaging consumption categories.The second is strong sustainable consumption which, in addition, stresses the need for a reduction in consumption levels through sufficiency measures (see below). Strong sustainable consumption emphasizes the need for real net reductions in global material consumption.This report aims to provide a critical overview of the state of research on weak and strong sustainable consumption, with an emphasis on research on three different strategies to achieve more sustainable consumption patterns:• Consuming more efficiently - better/greener consumption - means consuming better alternatives of the same goods and services, for example eco-labelled, organic, energy-efficient, ethical, or locally produced goods.• Consuming differently - consumption shift - means a relative reduction in the impact of consumption due to switching to a less impactful category of goods and services, for example using public transport instead of driving or eating vegetables instead of meat.• Consuming less - sufficient consumption - means an absolute reduction in consumption levels of goods and services leading to an absolute reduction in environmental and social impacts, for example living in a smaller area, flying less often, reducing consumption of meat and purchase of clothes and driving less.The report also provides an overview of the research on environmental policy instruments for sustainable consumption. The methodology has mainly comprised of an integrative literature review. 9 (115) Politik och styrning för hållbar konsumtion Sustainable consumption policies have mainly aimed to make consumption greener/more efficient,for example correcting market failures through more information, enabling individuals to make more sustainable choices in the market, supporting eco-labeling schemes, and introducing consumption taxes. This is usually categorized as a weak sustainable consumption policy, as the policy does not question current consumption patterns but aims primarily to make them more sustainable. As a result, the policies have had a limited impact.Different consumption (“consumption shift”) strategies look at, among other things, changes insocio-economic systems, new business models, and new ways of consuming, such as sharing something instead of buying. Like ‘better consumption’, consumption shift fits within the existing economic system, but certain types of practices and business models can challenge the economy’s prevailing ‘linear’ flows. However, the shift towards different consumption/consumption systems is slow. These are often “niche” activities that find it challenging to impact the economy profoundly, at a larger scale. The overall conclusion is that current progress is too slow to prevent further deterioration of the global environment.Strategies related to greener and different consumption have limited capacity to achieve reductions in the environmental impacts of consumption. They can only provide some relative (not absolute)decoupling between economic growth and environmental impacts. There are several reasons for this. Crucial factors include rebound effects and other macroeconomic effects: a particular type of consumption may become less environmentally damaging, but efficiency gains free up consumption space, which is spent on new consumption activities. Furthermore, we can see how reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in some countries result from production shifting to other countries, with associated increases in greenhouse gas emissions there.This means that policies related to greener and different consumption may mitigate environmental impacts from consumption and environmental impacts, but they cannot deliver absolute decoupling. At best, they only buy us more time to find more effective policies. Current trends in greenhouse gas emissions, resource use and biodiversity loss mean that we urgently need new approaches.Consuming less (sufficiency/reduced consumption) is the strategy with the most significant potential to reduce the environmental impact of consumption. Reduction policies could include more radical measures such as emission quotas (for countries, regions, cities, households,individuals) that would require all economic activity to take place within the quotas. It could also involve banning certain types of consumption (for example short air travel), banning certain products (for example luxury goods like yachts), banning certain activities (for example oil exploration), banning activities that encourage more consumption (for example bonus points for air travel), or stopping certain production – with related effects on consumption (for example by creating marine reserves where fishing is not allowed). But policies aimed at reducing consumption question the current growth paradigm. This causes great concern among leading political elites. At the same time, several recent research reports have highlighted the need to reduce consumption levels and ban certain types of consumption. There are signs that the issue is also increasingly discussed in the political arena.The “reduce” approach has one essential difference compared to the “increase efficiency/change”approaches: it explicitly requires the consideration of equity perspectives. It is easier to ignore10 (115) Politik och styrning för hållbar konsumtion economic inequalities if one believes in economic growth that can “lift all boats”. On the other hand, if you say that the cake cannot grow, more attention will be paid to how it is distributed.That is why more and more research reports stress that the poorest people on the planet need to consume more, and that we need to reduce consumption levels among the wealthiest individuals.Regarding policy instruments for sustainable consumption, the report reviews existing and potential policy instruments in different consumption domains. Overall, existing instruments provide weak incentives for major consumption shifts, probably because habits, economic interests, etc., discourage the shift. More elaborate policy packages with stronger incentives are needed to accelerate the transition. Among potential - not yet implemented - policy instruments,we can conclude that those with a high potential to reduce the environmental impact of consumption, such as individual carbon quotas, are difficult to implement as they are complex in nature and likely to be unpopular among the public.The report also discusses the future research needs on governance for sustainable consumption.More research is needed in several research areas, such as how to design effective policy packages,how to increase the acceptability of policies that reduce consumption levels, behavioral research needs, policy experiments, and research on how to implement radical regulations for product supply systems and marketing, as well as research on rebound effects. We particularly need research that looks at sustainable consumption from a systems perspective, rather than research on individual practices or policies. We also need more research with critical elements, emphasizing the equity aspects of the necessary systemic transition. Finally, we need creative approaches to integrate different theories and methods to produce innovative research with policy relevance.
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